Can Yong Lian peaches be planted in Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province?

Yong Lian Tao is a fruit tree technology extension station in Yong Lian, Ezhuang, Zichuan District, Zibo. 1998, Li Yonglian carefully planted in his own peach garden, and bred a new generation of mid-late maturing peach varieties. In order to improve the yield and quality,15mu 3-4-year-old Yong Lian peach was developed in Li Yonglian. The botanical characteristics, growth and fruiting habits, fruit economic characters, adverse effects and high-yield techniques of this variety were systematically studied by large-area experiments and partial combinations. In 2002, the trial planting was successful in the whole province. In September 2003, the first Yong Lian peach viewing meeting was held and passed. Zibo City is about 800 meters above sea level, and Yanyuan County is more than 2,000 meters above sea level. Therefore, Yanyuan County is not suitable for planting.

Yong Lian peach is a large fruit type, with an average single fruit weight of 420g and a maximum fruit weight of 650g (measured on the spot in 2005). The fruit is flat or slightly concave, slightly stitched, symmetrical left and right, smooth surface, colored 80% red, easy to peel when fully ripe, white pulp, no red pigment, hard solute and few fine fibers. Soluble solids 17.9%-22% (sugar content 17.9 degrees, measured in 2005) can be stored at room temperature for more than 15 days, keeping the original flavor unchanged. At the same time, it is barren-tolerant, bears early fruits and has high yield. The mature seasons are National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival, and the market potential is great, thus filling this period.

) Because autumn and winter seeds grow earlier and germinate faster than spring seeds, Yong Lian peaches are planted in autumn in North China.

(2) After five years of trial planting, measure the planting points according to the plant spacing of 4m× 4m. Generally, about 40 plants are planted per mu, leaving roads and channels.

(3) Preparation for planting holes: Planting holes is the basic living environment of peach trees, the key to the survival of peach trees, and the key measure for early fruiting and high yield of peach trees. Big hole, big root, small hole, small root and small crown. Generally, the diameter and depth of planting holes are required to be 80- 100 cm. Before planting, a proper amount of corn stalks and bean stalks should be prepared, and the crushed corn stalks should be filled into the holes as organic fertilizers, which is beneficial to the growth of peach root system.

(4) Post-planting management: After the young trees are transplanted from nursery to Taoyuan, their resistance is weak and their environmental conditions are abrupt, which requires a period of adaptation. Therefore, the management level after two or three years of planting is very important to ensure the survival, early fruiting and early high yield of peach trees, which cannot be underestimated.

① Water in time: Although peaches are drought-tolerant, they need to be watered in time to bear fruit early and promote early flowering and early fruiting.

(2) Timely pruning: reducing transpiration is conducive to safe overwintering, which should be completed before the severe winter of June 5438+February.

(3) Cold prevention and overwintering: ridging, plastic film mulching and soil mulching can all improve the overwintering ability of young trees.

(4) Rational use of land: Other crops can be planted between rows, but it cannot conflict with the nutritional needs of peach trees in the growth period, such as not competing for fertilizer and water, not inducing pests and diseases, etc.

Second, the management of soil, fertilizer and water.

Yong Lian peach is a tree species that needs more potassium, so more potassium should be applied when fertilizing. In recent years, the PH value in North China is too high, which is prone to iron deficiency and yellow leaf disease. Attention should be paid to improving the soil environment and increasing the application of available iron.

base fertilizer

(1) Application time: Apply the pesticide as early as possible after the fruit is harvested, usually in the late June of 10.

(2) Fertilization amount: mainly decomposed farmyard manure, 4000-5000 kg per mu, wheat bran can be buried in summer or corn straw can be buried under trees in autumn, and bean straw can be used as organic fertilizer (fertilization amount for three-year-old trees).

(3) Fertilization method: Peach trees have shallow roots, mostly distributed in the depth of 20-50 cm. Therefore, the fertilization depth is easy to be within 40 cm. Usually, there are annular furrow application and radial furrow application. Annular ditch is a ditch around trees outside the crown, with a depth of 30-40 cm and a width of 30-40 cm. Organic fertilizer is applied into the ditch and filled with soil.

(4) Matters needing attention in fertilization:

(1) When digging a pit with basic fertilizer, be careful not to damage the big roots, so as to avoid too much damage, which will not be recovered for several years, and the absorption area will be too large.

(2) The base fertilizer must be prepared as soon as possible so as to be applied in time. The applied fertilizer must be decomposed first, because the application of fresh organic fertilizer will release a lot of carbon dioxide in the process of decomposition in the soil, which will affect the growth of roots.

(3) Turning the soil once a year can loosen the soil, accelerate the integration of soil and fertilizer, and be beneficial to soil maturation. It is necessary to constantly change the location of fertilization and the depth of fertilization should be appropriate. You can't spread fertilizer all over the ground, and use soil pressure to fertilize.

(5) Returning straw to field: it can promote soil microbial activities and is beneficial to the accumulation and release of soil nutrients. The decomposition of fresh straw produces organic matter, which enriches the soil and is beneficial to the growth of peach root system. Ditch application and deep burial can also be combined with other organic fertilizers such as dry manure and compost.

Digging ditches in the crown or rows is 40-50 cm deep and 40 cm wide. The topsoil and subsoil should be separated. At the same time, the big roots should also be protected. The straw topsoil prepared in advance should be fully mixed and filled into the ditch, and the application rate per mu is 1 0,000-10,500 kg.

Matters needing attention in straw returning: In order to solve the contradiction between fruit trees and microorganisms on available nutrients, urea can be added to solve it. It is generally believed that microbial decomposition 100 kg of straw requires about half a catty of urea or diammonium phosphate.

(6) Peach in Yong Lian likes light and is afraid of waterlogging: According to the cultivation in recent years, there is a great demand for water in the fruit-setting period and the full-fruiting period, so water it in time according to the local watering situation, so I won't write much about this content.

Third, shaping and pruning

1, the tree structure of four main branches of Yong Lian peach.

2. Several methods and effects of winter pruning.

(1) Shortcut:

Short cutting is to cut branches short, and its main function is to promote them to grow new branches and increase the number of branches, thus ensuring the healthy and normal fruit of trees. Truncation is often used to prune main branches, prune fruiting branches and partially update trees.

According to its length, the short section can be divided into:

① Short-medium cutting: short cutting is carried out in the middle of annual branches, and the upper branches sprouted after cutting grow vigorously, while the lower branches grow weakly.

② Heavy and short cutting: 2/3 of the annual branches are cut off. The branches sprouted after cutting.

Stubby shape, generally used to trim the extension head of the main side branch.

(3) Re-pruning: 3/4-4/5 of the annual branches are pruned, and the sprouted branches grow vigorously after pruning, and the branches commonly used for pruning are elongated branches, overgrown fruit branches and intermediate fruit branches.

(4) Extremely heavy and short cutting: more than 4/5 of the annual branches are cut off, and the sprouted branches are moderately inclined, which is often used to cultivate developing branches and clustered branches into fruiting branches.

⑤ Leave 2 buds at the base: After cutting, the budding branches are more vigorous, which is often used for pruning the preparatory branches. For young trees, trees are flourishing, and the main purpose is to cultivate a good and solid tree structure, bear fruit early, cut lightly and thinly. Peach trees are mainly fruit-bearing and form a good tree shape from the beginning to the full fruit-bearing period.

(2) refinement:

Thinning refers to cutting branches from the base. By cutting off the main branches on the crown, such as cluster branches, competitive branches, pests and diseases branches, over-dense whorled branches, cross branches and overlapping branches, the remaining branches are evenly and reasonably distributed, the ventilation conditions are improved, and multiple thinning can weaken the tree potential and control the growth. For the main branches that grow too vigorously, we can do more thinning, while for the weak main branches, we can do less thinning to achieve the goal of balance.

Three main methods of pruning in summer:

Pruning in summer is pruning in growth period, and pruning in Yong Lian peach is mainly in spring and summer.

(1) Summer bud daubing: generally, it is done before the bud grows to 5 cm, and the tree holes are smoothed.

The cut long buds and competitive buds can save nutrients, improve illumination, ensure the healthy growth of the remaining new shoots, and also reduce the workload of winter pruning and the wounds caused by winter pruning.

(2) thinning the flourishing branches in the crown cavity, so as to improve illumination, promote fruit coloring, enrich fruit branches, differentiate flower buds and reduce nutrient consumption.

4. Self-pollination and flower and fruit thinning

(1) Yong Lian peach line: a variety that bears fruit alone. Therefore, the majority of fruit farmers do not need artificial pollination and plant pollinated trees.

(2) Thinning flowers and fruits: The purpose of planting peach trees is to obtain good yield and income, but in order to obtain good benefits, the amount of fruit thinning is very large, almost 9 times the required amount. 1 mature peach tree, almost 80% of the fruit needs thinning, leaving only 20%.

In order to cover peach blossom period, Yong Lian, which was affected by late spring cold, fruit thinning was generally used instead of flower thinning.

The first fruit thinning is usually carried out two weeks after flowering, and the fruit thinning is 1/3. The fruit setting is to determine the number of fruits left in the current year. The fruit setting time is after the first fruit thinning, about 5-6 weeks after flowering, that is, before hard core. Fruit thinning and fruit setting are directly related to the yield and quality of a year, and even more related to the income of that year. In order to obtain high-yield and high-quality fruits, we must seize the opportunity and manage them carefully.

(3) Flower thinning and fruit thinning method: Generally, Yong Lian peaches do not need artificial flower thinning. If the fruit is to be thin, we must first thin out the double fruit, small fruit and fruit with incorrect shape. When fruit is left, the position of fruit branches is different and the amount of fruit left is different. The fruiting branches in the upper part of the tree should keep more fruits, and the fruiting branches in the lower part should keep less fruits, so as to control the prosperity with fruits and achieve the purpose of balancing the tree potential. The trees with strong potential should keep more fruits, and vice versa. In addition, the size of the fruit should be considered when setting the fruit. Generally, 2-3 fruits are left for long fruit branches, 1-2 for middle fruit branches and 1 for short fruit branches. Weak fruit branches and bouquetlike branches generally do not leave fruit, and the prepared branches do not leave fruit, or they can leave fruit according to the fruit distance, 15-20 cm, depending on the fruit size.