Why does smog harm the economy?

Judging from the weather situation in recent years, the increase of smog weather not only has a serious impact on residents' lives, but also affects the normal production of some enterprises. Judging from the causes of smog, industrial pollution is one of the important reasons. To fundamentally eliminate the haze weather, we should start with optimizing the industrial structure, reduce or shut down heavily polluting enterprises, rationally arrange industrial and mining enterprises, vigorously develop the green economy and reduce the haze weather. Judging from the recent large-scale haze weather, the haze weather has had an important impact on the economy. If we can't correctly judge the causes of smog weather, we can't eliminate the constraints of smog on the economy. Therefore, we should correctly analyze the realistic impact of smog weather on the economy, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling smog and promoting economic development.

With the rapid development of industry, industrial and mining enterprises are increasingly polluting the environment, and smog weather is the evil result of environmental pollution. Judging from the causes of smog, smog is mainly composed of industrial emissions, civil emissions and automobile exhaust emissions. In order to effectively reduce or even eliminate haze weather, it is necessary to start from these aspects and strengthen the effect of environmental governance. Judging from the appearance of smog at present, smog weather has had a serious impact on social production and life, especially on the economy. In this context, we should correctly analyze the impact of smog weather on the economy, and formulate specific smog control programs from the perspective of optimizing industrial structure to provide strong support for economic development.

First, the concept of haze weather and its causes analysis

Haze, also known as haze, refers to dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, organic hydrocarbons and other particles in the air that make the atmosphere turbid, blur the vision and worsen the visibility. If the horizontal visibility is less than 10000 meters, the visual field obstacle caused by this non-aqueous aerosol system is called haze or haze, and the thickness of haze is relatively thick, which can reach about 1-3 kilometers. Haze is different from fog and clouds, and there is no obvious boundary between haze and clear sky. Smog particles are evenly distributed, and the particle size is relatively small, ranging from 0.00 1 micron to 10 micron, with an average diameter of about 1-2 micron. Floating particles are invisible to the naked eye. Because the smog is composed of dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other particles, the longer the scattering wavelength, the more the light ratio, so the smog looks yellow or orange-gray. The causes of smog can be summarized as follows:

First, coal, motor vehicles, industry, dust and other pollution sources are large, which is the root cause of this serious air pollution. The pollutants that lead to the decline of air quality are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, inhalable particles, ozone and so on. In some areas, especially in big cities, harmful substances emitted by industrial production, automobile exhaust, building construction, heating in winter and coal combustion are difficult to spread, resulting in a significant decline in air quality. From the perspective of urban development, the expansion of urban scale not only makes the number of urban population increase sharply, but also the number of motor vehicles, industrial and mining enterprises and urban infrastructure, which seriously affects the air in the city. The increase in the number of motor vehicles and industrial and mining enterprises has increased the emission of waste gas, which has caused serious pollution to the urban air, leaving the urban air in a state of serious pollution. In this case, once encountering foggy weather or other bad weather, it is easy to produce smog, which has a serious impact on residents' travel and life. Judging from the current urban smog, industrial production, motor vehicle exhaust and winter heating are the main causes of smog, and we must have an accurate understanding of this.

Second, the diffusion conditions are unfavorable. The recent extremely unfavorable pollution diffusion conditions are the direct cause of this pollution process. First, the relative humidity of the air near the ground in these areas is low; Second, there is no obvious cold air activity, the wind is small, and the atmosphere is relatively stable; Third, the sky is clear and partly cloudy, which is conducive to radiation cooling at night and makes the near-surface air with relatively high humidity saturate and condense to form fog. Judging from the formation process of smog, the lack of windy weather is the main reason for the formation of smog. There is no windy weather to disperse the fog, and the dirty air over the city has no time to exchange and discharge. Under certain circumstances, it is easy to form smog, and the particles in it can be identified as pollutants such as smoke and dust, which will cause serious damage to people's respiratory system and seriously affect urban production and life. Judging from the smog in recent years, the smog is mainly formed by fog, and pollutants attach to the fog with the help of fog, which increases the weight of water droplets in the fog. Once encountering reverse diffusion, it is easy to form severe smog. Therefore, unfavorable diffusion conditions are an important reason in the process of smog cause analysis.

The third is the superposition of regional pollution and local pollution. PM2.5 is smaller than PM 10, and its primary generation basically comes from industrial emissions and non-point source pollution. The increase of construction projects is also the reason for the high concentration of PM2.5. In addition, the regional pollution of PM 2.5 and the pollution transmission in related areas are also important factors for the formation of this heavy pollution. At present, PM2.5 is the main pollution index in urban air pollution, and the amount of particulate matter in the air has increased significantly compared with the past, further increasing the harm of smog. In the urban air circulation, with the circulation of the atmosphere, the air pollution between cities will gradually flow, from local pollution to regional pollution. At the same time, due to the influence of atmospheric circulation, regional pollution and local pollution will overlap, forming pollution clouds over the city. Once it encounters heavy fog, it will adhere to the fog to form haze weather, which will cause serious pollution to the urban air. Therefore, in the causes of urban haze weather, the superposition of regional pollution and local pollution is an important cause of haze weather, which should be paid enough attention to.

Second, the specific impact and harm of smog weather

Judging from the formation of haze weather, haze weather is not only highly toxic, but also has a serious impact on many fields such as production and life, among which the most important impact is shown in the following aspects:

1, transportation impact

Because foggy weather has the most common impact on transportation, it is not uncommon for highways and civil aviation airports to be closed down due to the appearance of strong fog, and some even cause vicious traffic accidents. In foggy days, traffic is most affected. First of all, after the smog weather, aviation, railway and road transportation have been seriously affected. Low visibility has caused flights to be grounded, railways to be delayed, and highways to be closed, which has dealt a serious blow to the transportation industry, and many industries that require high transportation time have been affected to some extent. At the same time, transportation also has its own timeliness requirements. Passengers stranded due to smog will bring great pressure to airports, railway stations and bus stations, which will not only fail to achieve the purpose of transporting people quickly, but also affect the normal order of airports, railway stations and bus stations, making airports, railway stations and bus stations face serious work pressure. In foggy weather, the frequency and number of traffic accidents have also increased significantly compared with normal weather, which has brought huge losses to the safety of residents' lives and property. Therefore, we should have a correct and comprehensive understanding of the impact of smog weather on transportation, formulate a scientific and reasonable transportation plan under smog weather, reduce the impact of smog weather on transportation, improve transportation efficiency and ensure transportation safety.

2. The impact of power facilities

Fog is also one of the main causes of safety accidents caused by power supply. In the process of line transmission, if a large number of water droplets are attached to the surface of insulating equipment such as hanging bottles and porcelain bottles, the insulation performance and safety factor will be greatly reduced. Judging from the smog weather in recent years, it not only has a serious impact on urban power supply facilities, but also has caused serious harm to long-distance transmission lines. Through the understanding of transmission lines, it is found that the harm of haze weather to transmission lines is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

(1) Water droplets and particles in smog are easy to attach to transmission lines, endangering transmission safety. Because smog is mainly composed of water droplets and particles, the water droplets and particles on transmission lines in smog will inevitably increase, which seriously affects the safety of transmission lines and is not conducive to power transmission.

(2) Water droplets and particles in smog will increase the quality of transmission lines and affect the transmission effect. Because the water droplets and particles in the smog will attach to the transmission line, which will aggravate the quality of the transmission line, increase the sag of the transmission line and increase the burden of the transmission line bracket, there are potential safety hazards.

(3) Water droplets and particles in smog will weaken the insulation of transmission lines and make them worse.

For transmission lines, the increase of water droplets and particles will make the transmission line in a wet state, making it difficult to maintain ideal insulation, making the insulation of transmission lines worse and affecting the overall transmission effect.

3, the impact on agricultural production

Foggy weather is also harmful to agricultural production, mainly manifested in crop photosynthesis and weakening of light.

Time is reduced. In agricultural production, photosynthesis is an important factor to ensure plant growth. The appearance of haze weather blocks the sunlight, making it difficult for sunlight to directly irradiate plants, shortening the sunshine time of crops and ensuring sufficient sunshine, which will lead to crop yield reduction in severe cases. Judging from the current smog weather, because the particles in the smog contain toxins, it not only harms the respiratory system of urban residents, but also has a realistic impact on crops, making it difficult for crops to achieve high yield and bumper harvest. In China, where smog weather is easy to break out, the crop yield is generally lower than that in normal climate areas. Therefore, for agricultural production, smog weather has a serious impact on agricultural production, which not only reduces crop production, but also affects the overall benefits of agricultural production. Therefore, for agricultural production, we should correctly understand the impact of smog weather, and take active preventive measures to reduce the impact of smog weather on agricultural production, ensure that agricultural production can meet the actual requirements in terms of yield and crop growth, and not reduce production because of smog, promote agricultural production demand, and completely eliminate the impact of smog.

Third, the realistic impact of smog weather on the economy.

From the above analysis, it can be seen that smog weather has an important impact on transportation, power facilities and agricultural production. If the smog problem is not solved in time, it will cause greater harm. In addition to these hazards, smog weather also has a realistic impact on the economy, which is manifested in the following aspects:

1, the smog weather forced the adjustment of industrial structure.

Judging from the causes of haze weather, industrial pollution is the main reason. Today, with the rapid development of China's industry, the acceleration of industrial growth has become the inducement of smog weather, which greatly reduces the achievements of industrial development. Judging from the current industrial structure in China, there are many enterprises with high energy consumption and high pollution, which are also harmful to the environment. If we correctly handle the relationship between industrial development and environmental protection, it will become an important issue in economic development. Under the realistic influence of this smog weather, only by reasonably adjusting the industrial structure, shutting down heavily polluting enterprises and strengthening the environmental governance and transformation of industrial enterprises can we achieve the goal of improving air quality and eliminating smog weather. Therefore, the smog weather forced the adjustment of industrial structure, which made the adjustment of industrial structure a top priority and also had an important impact on the layout of China's industrial structure. Therefore, we should correctly understand the influence of smog weather on industrial structure adjustment.

2. The appearance of smog weather makes green economy become the main development concept.

The appearance of haze weather has taught policy makers and ordinary residents a good lesson. If we still develop traditional industries according to the original thinking, the final result will be short-term benefits but long-term hidden dangers. The destructive development means and development model based on destroying the environment are no longer applicable to the economic development of China. Through the study of foreign economic development model, it is found that green environmental protection economy should become the main concept of economic development. In the process of economic development, we must change our thinking of development, change from the thinking of high input, high output and high consumption in the past, establish the thinking of modern industrialization and economic development with the concept of environmental protection economy, meet the requirements of national development, strive to improve and protect the environment, and finally achieve the goal of eliminating haze weather. Therefore, we should think about the economic development model from the appearance of smog weather, actively establish the concept of green and environmental protection economy, and ensure the effective development of green and environmental protection economy.

3. Smog weather has changed the goal and content of economic development.

The appearance of smog weather makes us clearly realize that there are some problems in the process of economic development in the traditional economic growth model, and the development model at the expense of the environment is completely unworkable. From the reality of China's economic development, the appearance of smog weather has changed the goal and content of economic development. First of all, in terms of economic development goals, it is necessary to establish clear green development goals, write environmental protection into economic development goals, and ensure the scientificity and rationality of economic development goals. Secondly, in terms of economic development, we should establish a sound environmental protection mechanism and system to ensure that environmental protection factors can be reasonably considered in economic development, correctly use environmental protection means, enhance environmental protection capabilities, make economic development meet environmental protection needs, and finally achieve the goal of reducing and controlling haze weather.

4. The appearance of haze weather has become an important driving force for accelerating economic transformation.

For a long time, China's economic development has been dominated by heavy industry, supplemented by light industry. Although this development model has achieved some positive results, with the appearance of smog weather, the former advantages and development effects have been replaced by bad weather, and the voice of economic transformation is getting higher and higher. From the reality of economic development, green economy has become an important concept of global economic development. Considering China's actual national conditions and the frequent occurrence of haze weather, only by economic transformation, changing the traditional development thinking based on heavy industry, actively developing light industry, striving to develop high-tech enterprises with low carbon and environmental protection, increasing investment in environmental protection and accelerating economic transformation can we meet the needs of economic development, thus reducing haze weather and accelerating economic development.

Four. conclusion

Through the analysis of this paper, we can know that in the process of urban development, the influence of smog weather is various, mainly in transportation, power facilities and agricultural production. At the same time, the smog weather has a more profound impact on the economy, not only on the optimization and adjustment of industrial structure and the concept of economic development, but also on the objectives and contents of economic development and economic transformation. Therefore, we should have a comprehensive and correct understanding of the impact of haze weather, correctly analyze the realistic impact of haze weather on the economy, and formulate specific measures and development ideas according to the impact of haze weather to ensure rapid economic development and achieve the purpose of effectively controlling haze weather.