How do storms and lightning form?

Air pressure is different from the earth's rotation, which makes air flow and produces wind. The weight of the air causes the air pressure, and the air pressure in different areas varies according to the air density, topography, temperature and latitude and longitude, so the high and low air pressures are generated. On the same horizontal plane, the airflow moves from high pressure to low pressure, forming wind.

Rain:

Water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into small water droplets, and a large number of small water droplets form clouds. When the water drops in the cloud reach a certain mass, they will fall to the surface, which is rainfall.

Lightning:

The cause of lightning is generally thought to be that various particles in the cloud accumulate charges due to collision and friction. When the amount of charge reaches a certain level, which is equivalent to the voltage between clouds or between clouds and ground reaching or exceeding a certain value, the local electric field strength will reach or exceed the electrical breakdown strength of air at that time, thus causing discharge.

Electricity in the air rapidly heats and expands the air through discharge, and is compressed into plasma due to the expansion, thus generating a special component of lightning (sound of shock wave).

Extended data:

Weather refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the surface in a short period of time. Weather phenomena refer to various natural phenomena that occur in the atmosphere.

That is, the comprehensive expression of the spatial distribution of various meteorological elements in the atmosphere (such as temperature, pressure, humidity, wind, clouds, fog, rain, flash, snow, frost, thunder, hail, haze, etc.). ) in an instant.

Weather process is the process of weather phenomena changing with time in a certain area. All kinds of weather systems have certain time and space scales, and they are intertwined and influence each other.

The combination of many weather systems constitutes a large-scale weather situation and hemispheric and even global atmospheric circulation. The weather system is always in the process of rebirth, development and extinction, and there are corresponding weather phenomena in different development stages.

The cause of wind

The direct cause of the wind is the uneven distribution of air pressure in the horizontal direction. Wind is comprehensively influenced by different factors such as atmospheric circulation, topography and water area, and its manifestations are various, such as monsoon, local sea-land wind, valley wind and foehn wind. Simply put, wind is the directional movement of air molecules.

To understand the causes of wind, we must first understand two key concepts: air and air pressure. The components of air include nitrogen molecules (accounting for 78% of the total air volume), oxygen molecules (accounting for about 2 1%), water vapor and other trace components. All air molecules are moving at a very fast speed, colliding with each other and anything on the horizon.

The reason for the rain

Rain is water drops falling from the clouds. Water on land and sea surface evaporates into steam. Steam rises to a certain height and turns into water droplets when it is cold. These small water droplets form clouds. They collide with each other in the cloud and merge into large water droplets. When it is too big for the air, it will fall from the clouds and form rain.

There are many reasons for the rain, and the manifestations are unique, including Mao Mao rain, continuous rain and pouring rain. Rain is the most important fresh water resource in human life, and plants thrive on the moisture of rain and dew. But the flood caused by rainstorm will also bring great disaster to mankind.

Thunderstorm is a bad weather phenomenon caused by extremely unstable air. It often carries strong winds, heavy rains, lightning, lightning strikes, and even hail or tornadoes, so it can often cause disasters.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-weather