What is the background of the Anglo-Spanish naval battle?

The Battle of Gravlin (English) was an integral part of the Spanish-English War. In retaliation for Elizabeth's execution of Mary, Philip II vowed to invade England and replace it with a Catholic monarch. He built a fleet of about 130 ships, including 8000 soldiers and 18000 sailors. It is euphemistically called "Armada", which literally means "the luckiest fleet or the Armada", with the purpose of raising funds for this project. Pope Sixtus V allowed Philip II to collect taxes far away. The Pope promised to further support Spanish troops if they could reach Britain. They went to Holland by boat on May 28th. More troops were sent to invade Britain. However, the British navy defeated the Armada in the battle of Gravorin and forced it to sail north. In the waters near Scotland, it suffered from stormy weather that seriously damaged the fleet and personnel. The failure of the Armada provided valuable sailing experience for British sailors. The British were able to persist in the private plunder of Spain and continue to send troops to help the enemies of Philip II, the Netherlands and France. These efforts have brought some tangible returns. One of the most important effects of the incident was that the defeat of the Armada was regarded as a sign that God supported Protestant reform in England. In the end, only 65 ships in the Armada returned to Spain. Most of the survivors suffered from severe scurvy and malnutrition, and many of them fell ill soon after they set foot on Spanish soil. However, Spain learned the lesson of failure and equipped the Spanish treasure fleet with long heavy guns, effectively resisting the looting of British pirate ships. The following year, Britain also organized a similar large-scale expedition, that is, the Lisbon expedition in Corina, but it was really unsuccessful, causing serious losses to the British economy, personnel and ships.