Cultivation techniques of snow iron taro

Cash cow is a foliage plant of Araceae, which is native to tropical Africa and is an evergreen perennial with tubers underground.

There is no main stem on the ground, and adventitious buds germinate from tubers to form large compound leaves. Leaflets are fleshy, petioles are short, dark green, bright and shiny, and have high ornamental value. It is suitable for growing under different light intensities and has strong shade tolerance. It is known as the "king of shade tolerance" and is a newly introduced high-grade indoor ornamental plant. Cash cow has huge tubers, which will sprout many buds and form many small tubers. The life span of compound leaves is more than 2-3 years, and it is constantly being planted in New Ye Gengxin. Money saplings don't grow fast, so they can be cultivated and watched in small and medium pots, and are also suitable for large pots.

Usually, cash cows are propagated by separating small plants with small balls from the mother tuber. Large plants can only produce 2-5 plants every year, so the propagation coefficient is low and the speed is slow.

The leaves of the money tree can easily take root in the substrate and can be used for reproduction. Each mature compound leaf has 15-25 leaflets, which can greatly improve the reproduction rate if used for reproduction. All petioles with different maturity cut lobules or Shuang Ye or all petioles cut single leaves. Soak in 250ppm indolebutyric acid or naphthylacetic acid overnight, or mix petiole or leaf base with clay. It can be inserted into a clean river sand bed or directly cut into peat and other substrates. When cutting, put the leaves horizontally or vertically, and keep the sand bed moist after cutting. After 50-60 days, the base of petiole or total petiole expands, and then a stout new root grows on the back. After taking root, root groups form rapidly.

When more than 5-6 roots are formed, they are taken out of the cutting bed and planted in a substrate basin of mushroom residue+yellow mud+mud carbon+river sand. When the cuttings form a certain root system, the middle part of the root gradually expands to form a spherical tuber. Tubers gradually increase. Some tender cuttings will wither and die due to high temperature or poor water management, but tubers can survive. The old leaves and cuttings with total petiole can keep green and vigorous. A few tubers germinated and grew new leaves that year, but the growth potential was weak and slow. In the second year, the tuber will grow into a stout new bud. temperature

The suitable temperature for growth is 20 ~ 32℃. Whether potted or planted underground, it is required that the annual average temperature change is small, and productive cultivation is best carried out in a greenhouse with controllable temperature. Every summer, when the temperature is higher than 35℃, plants grow poorly. We should cover them with a black net to shade them and spray water on the surrounding environment to cool them down, so as to create a suitable and dry environment for them. It is best to keep the greenhouse temperature above 10℃ in winter. If the room temperature is lower than 5℃, it will easily lead to plant chilling injury and seriously endanger its survival. In late autumn and early winter, when the temperature drops below 8℃, it should be moved to a well-lit room in time, and the temperature should be kept between 8℃ and 10℃ during the whole wintering period, which is safer and more reliable.

illuminate

Cash cow likes light and has strong tolerance to shade, so we should create a sunny but cool environment for it. Direct sunlight should be avoided, especially after a long rain in late spring and early summer. Bake in strong light for 5-6 hours around noon in summer, otherwise it will easily lead to burns of newly-picked leaves. In productive cultivation, it should be placed under a shade shed with a shade of 50-70% from late spring to Mid-Autumn Festival, but it should not be too dark, otherwise the newly picked leaves will be slender, yellow and the spacing between leaflets will be sparse, which will affect the compactness and aesthetics of the plants. In winter, the potted plants moved into the shed should be filled with light. The soil moisture in the basin is kept dry, and plants can be kept disease-free for many years. The newly extracted pinnate compound leaves did not show obvious phototaxis and the plant type was good.

moisture

In order to preserve potted money trees, we should try our best to create a humid and dry environment for them. In productive cultivation, plants placed in greenhouse should be sprayed with water once a day when the room temperature reaches above 33℃. Because plants are drought-tolerant, it is better to keep the soil slightly wet and dry, but occasionally watering too much water and fertilizer will not cause root rot. In winter, we should pay attention to spraying water on the blades and the surrounding environment, so that the relative humidity of the air can reach more than 50%. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, water should be reduced, or water should be sprayed instead, so as to help the newly picked young leaves to spend the winter safely. In addition, special attention should be paid to the pot soil in winter, which should not be too wet, and it is better to be dry. Otherwise, under the condition of low temperature, the pot soil is too wet, which is more likely to lead to root rot or even the death of the whole plant.

land

Because of the special climatic conditions of the origin of the money tree, it has formed a strong drought resistance, so the basic requirement for the cultivation substrate is good ventilation. The basic requirement of cultivation substrate is good permeability. Peat, coarse sand or washed cinder are mixed with a small amount of garden soil, and the PH value is adjusted to 6 ~ 6.5, which is slightly acidic. Because of its huge tuber, developed root system and long pinnate compound leaves, it is necessary to observe its growth in time during the growing season to decide whether to change pots and soil. Always maintain the permeability of the culture medium to create a good root environment for ventilation and water filtration. Check frequently in rainy season, and turn over the basin and change the soil in time when water is found in the basin.

fertilizer

Cash cows like fertilizer. In addition to adding a proper amount of baked cake fertilizer or multi-element slow-release compound fertilizer to the cultivation substrate, the mixed solution of 0.2% urea and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied 2-3 times a month during the growing season, or the balanced fertilization can be 20- 10-20(20-20-20). After the Mid-Autumn Festival, in order to make it overwinter safely, nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be applied for 2 ~ 3 times continuously to promote the hardening and enrichment of young leaf shafts and newly-pumped leaves. When the temperature drops below 15℃, all forms of topdressing should be stopped to avoid fertilizer damage and root damage under low temperature. Root rot control

Generally, root rot of money pine is caused by watering. It is necessary to pour the plants out of the pot in time, shake off part of the soil, dry them in the shade for 1-2 days, and then plant them with new sandy loam. In the future, the pot should not be too big and the water should not be too frequent. It should be done when the basin soil is 70% dry. There must be no rigid watering interval, and the water should be elastic. If the root rot is serious, it is best to shake off all the soil, then soak it in 500 times of potassium permanganate or carbendazim solution for 5- 10 minutes, then rinse it with clear water, and then dry it in the air until the roots are dry before replanting.

frostbite

When the temperature drops below 5℃ in winter, the soil in the basin is wet, which is easy to cause the pinnate leaves of plants to fall off due to cold damage, and in severe cases, it will cause tuber rot and it is difficult to restore vitality. Prevention and control methods: whether it is productive cultivation, quasi-cultivation or family feeding, the greenhouse temperature should be kept not lower than 10℃ during the winter, and the basin soil should be kept in a slightly dry state. A few potted plants can be covered with double plastic bags at night on particularly cold days, and the bagging can be removed after the temperature rises the next day.

burn

In the hot summer, or the sunny weather after a long rain in Chu Qing, or the potted plants that have been kept indoors for a long time and just moved outdoors for restoration and maintenance are directly exposed to the sun, which is easy to cause their young leaves to be burned, leading to partial loss of green and whitening, or the whole leaves to be burned, and the necrotic parts in the later stage turn brown and black. Prevention and control methods: after entering summer, move the plants to a semi-cool environment in time. If it rains for a long time in late spring and early summer, you should listen to the weather forecast in time and shade the potted plants as soon as possible.

brown spot

The disease mostly occurs on leaves, and the lesion is nearly round, grayish brown to yellowish brown, and the edge color is slightly darker. The disease is easy to occur under the conditions of high temperature and humidity and poor ventilation. Prevention and control methods: If a small number of diseased leaves are found, they should be removed and destroyed in time. At the initial stage of the disease, 600-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 500-fold solution of 40% chlorothalonil suspension/kloc-0 was sprayed on the leaves every 10 day for 3 ~ 4 times continuously, and the control effect was good.

scale insect

In the environment with poor ventilation and poor light, the leaves of money tree are easily bitten by scale insects. Prevention and control methods: a small number of domestic feeding, can be used to stick the insect body with transparent tape or wipe off the live insect body with wet cloth. In productive cultivation, 20% chlorpyrifos wettable powder 1000 times can be sprayed at the peak of nymph hatching, which has good insecticidal effect.

White silk disease

Symptom identification: the injured part is yellow-brown to reddish-brown wet rot; The center of the lesion is slightly concave with obvious edges, and the surface of the affected area is covered with white filamentous hyphae, which spread radially to the soil surface. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is produced on mycelium, which is white at first, then yellow, reddish brown to dark brown, and in severe cases, the whole plant dies, resulting in wilting and death of some stems and leaves on the ground.

Most common pathogens are distributed in the topsoil of 1cm ~ 2cm. When the temperature reaches 28 ~ 35℃ and the relative humidity reaches above 90%, sclerotia germinates and hyphae spread in the soil.

The route of transmission invades from the epidermis or wound at the base of the rhizome or petiole of Euphorbia fischeriana, and after 7-8 days of incubation, the disease begins to occur, and hyphae are produced at the diseased site for reinfection or multiple infection.

The first point of management is to find the diseased plants and remove them in time; Second, the occurrence of diseases is closely related to water, so we should pay attention to shelter from rain, drain water in time after rain, strengthen ventilation and prevent the humidity of cultivation places from being too high; The third is to improve the pH value of soil. Appropriate amount of burnt mud ash, plant ash or hydrated lime can be added to the culture soil to adjust it to 6.5-7.0, and trace elements such as silicon and calcium can be added. Fourthly, the cultivation soil advocates high temperature disinfection and baking sterilization; Fifth, in the early stage of the disease, the surface of the substrate was sprayed or watered with drugs such as Genhuiyou, Hualv and Chlorothalonil.