What are the high-altitude meteorological data sets?

High-altitude meteorological observation refers to the observation and determination of meteorological conditions at various heights in the free atmosphere with the help of instruments. Observation items include temperature, humidity, air pressure and wind. The main detection tools are radiosondes and balloons, as well as meteorological aircraft, meteorological rockets and meteorological satellites.

Chinese name

High-altitude meteorological observation

Observation project

Temperature, humidity, air pressure

kind

meteorological observation

testing tool

radiosonde

quick

navigate by water/air

The main function of the development process is the present situation of China.

Near-earth survey

Methods and techniques for measuring the physical and chemical characteristics of the atmosphere above the surface layer are also called high-altitude observation or high-altitude detection. High-altitude meteorological observation mainly measures the temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind direction and wind speed at various heights of the atmosphere, as well as other special items, such as atmospheric composition, ozone, radiation and atmospheric electricity. The main observation methods include balloon detection, meteorological aircraft detection, radio sounding and wind measurement, meteorological radar detection, meteorological rocket sounding, meteorological satellite detection and so on.

Development history

From the middle of18th century, the experiment of directly detecting meteorological elements in the upper air with kites and manned balloons began (see A Brief History of the Development of Atmospheric Science). /kloc-at the end of 0/9, France, Germany and the United States invented and improved the air sounder.

1896, Europe organized the international sounding balloon experiment, which is the embryonic form of the high-altitude meteorological observation station network. With the development of meteorological balloon and optical theodolite, the method of measuring wind with small ball theodolite is gradually established.

From the end of 1920s to 1930s, based on the development of telegraph, compilation and short-wave radio technology, radiosonde, radio theodolite and wind radar were successively developed, which laid the foundation for establishing a global network of high-altitude observation stations. A meteorological rocket was developed in the 1940s, and its detection altitude exceeded 100 km.

Since the 1960s, the development of meteorological satellites and atmospheric remote sensing technology has promoted the development of all-weather and global high-altitude meteorological detection. At present, the technical characteristics of various high-altitude observation systems are quantitative control and real-time processing by using radio telemetry, remote control technology and computer microprocessor.