How did cicadas come into being?

Cicada, Eriocheir sinensis, HOMOPTERA, Cicadellidae, about 65,438+0,500 species of medium and large insects, 2.5 cm long, with two pairs of membranous wings, prominent compound eyes and three single eyes, Cicadellidae. The male cicada has an eardrum near the base of the abdomen, which can make a loud sound when vibrating the membrane. Most North American cicadas make rhythmic ticking or purring, but some kinds of cicadas have beautiful sounds. Eggs are usually produced in woody tissues, and nymphs burrow into the ground as soon as they hatch, sucking the juice from the roots of perennial plants. Generally, after molting for 5 times, it takes several years to mature. Cicada is not a pest, but when the number of female insects is large, the oviposition behavior will cause harm to saplings. It is mainly distributed in tropical areas and inhabits deserts, grasslands and forests. [1] Cicada-Main features Near Fort Smith, Canada, a cicada has just finished the process of shelling. There are 1500 kinds of cicadas in Canada. Cicadas spend the first two or three years of their lives underground, maybe longer. In the meantime, it sucks liquid from the roots. Then one day, I broke out of the ground and found a tree to climb with my instinct to survive. After several years of slow growth, cicada pupa climbed out of the ground as an energy storage body. Its front paws for digging holes can also be used for climbing. When black cracks appear on the back of cicada pupa, the molting process begins. Molting is controlled by hormones. The front legs of the cicada pupa are hooked, so that when the adult comes out of the empty shell, it can be firmly hung on the tree. It is very important that the cicada pupa must face the tree vertically. This is for the normal development of adult wings, otherwise the wings will be deformed. Cicada, based on the pupa shell, slowly releases itself, just like climbing out of a pair of armor. The whole process takes about an hour. When the cicada's upper body is free, it spreads its wings upside down. At this stage, cicadas' wings are very soft, and they spread them through body fluids. The body fluid tube spreads its wings by the pressure of liquid. When the liquid is pumped back into the cicada, the spread wings have become hard. If the cicada is disturbed in the process of spreading its wings, it will be disabled for life and may not be able to fly at all. Cicada-Sexist Cicada is a male cicada. Its vocal organ is at the base of the abdomen, like a big drum covered with an eardrum. The eardrum vibrates and makes a sound. Because the vocal cord muscle can expand and contract about 654.38+100000 times per second, the gap between the cover plate and the eardrum can play a role of * * *, so its sound is particularly loud. And you can take turns singing in different tones. The female cicada is a "dumb cicada" because her musical instrument structure is incomplete and she can't make a sound. The male cicada keeps singing every day to lure the female cicada to mate. To the female cicada, the male cicada sounds like a wonderful music. After mating and fertilization, the female cicada pricks a row of small holes in the branches with a sword-shaped ovipositor and lays her eggs in the small holes. A few weeks later, both male and female cicadas died. [2] The two small discs on the belly of the male cicada call for a mask, and there is a transparent membrane inside the mask, which is called a valve. At that time, people used loudspeakers to amplify their voices. The sound shield is equivalent to a cicada's megaphone, which contracts back and forth to amplify the sound, making a sound of "knowing-knowing-knowing" and calling the male cicada, but there is no sound shield and valve on the female cicada's stomach. The larvae hatch from the eggs and stay on the branches. Autumn wind blows them to the ground. As soon as they reach the ground, they immediately find soft soil to drill down to the edge of the roots and suck the sap of the roots for a living. At least two or three years, more than ten years, from larva to adult, you have to shed your skin five times, four of which are underground, and the last time you climb out of the soil and climb into a tree to shed the dry yellowish shell (this is the shell of cicada). Cicada is a shady insect. Although it has a long life, it rarely lives in the sun and spends almost all its life in the dark underground. I'm sorry. Cicada has two pairs of membranous wings with very hard veins. When cicadas rest, their wings always cover their backs. Cicada rarely flies freely, and only flies from tree to tree when it is foraging or disturbed. Interestingly, cicadas can suck juice through straws and sing with musical instruments at the same time. Eating and singing do not interfere with each other. The chirping of cicadas can predict the weather. If the cicada chirps loudly in the treetops early, it will tell people that it is very hot today. Cicada-medicinal value Cicada, also known as cicada, belongs to Insecta, Homoptera and Cicadae. Cicada, whose skin is called cicada slough, is rich in chitin, isomorphism and adenosine triphosphatase, and is often used to treat exogenous wind-heat and cough hoarseness. Sore throat. Rubella itching, conjunctival congestion, tetanus, convulsion, night crying, etc. According to China Pharmacology, it also helps to strengthen yang, quench thirst, promote fluid production, protect lung and kidney, resist bacteria and lower blood pressure, treat alopecia and inhibit diseases. Nutritional value of cicada: cicada monkeys are cold and delicious, and have the functions of dispersing wind, dispersing lung, relieving fever and relieving convulsion. Cicada monkeys are rich in nutrition and delicious, which is a fashionable delicacy. Cicada is rich in nutrition, with a dry protein content of over 70% and a fat content of about 7%. Its vitamins and various beneficial trace elements are higher than those of ordinary meat food, so it can be called the king of protein in today's food. Cicada, with a body length of about 2.5 cm and a light green head and chest, is also called cicada in late autumn. Cicadas begin to sing in autumn, and their songs are cicada songs. It can sing because its abdomen has a pair of vocal organs, which are composed of tympanic membrane and tympanic membrane. When the vocal cord membrane in the membrane contracts, it will produce sound waves and make a loud sound. But don't forget that the buzz is only available to male cicadas, and female cicadas are "dumb". Cicada is not completely abnormal. Generally, the life history is long, and one generation is completed in 2 ~ 3 years. The most famous species is American cicada 17, and there are three kinds of cicada 13, all of which are the birthday stars among insects. Cicada's lifestyle is very strange. In summer, cicadas die within a week after laying eggs, and the eggs hatch in about a month. After hatching, the nymph falls to the ground and digs a hole in the soil to live. In the soil, mouthparts suck the sap of tree roots for a living. They go through a long nymph period. After the mature larvae climb out of the cave, they slowly climb the trunk and then split from the head and chest. Soon the adult crawled out of the cicada shell, its wings were exposed and dried by the sun. The eclosion process takes about 1 ~ 3 hours. Adults fly to the crown of the jungle and use their sucking mouthparts to pierce the branches of trees to suck juice, which is harmful to trees and fruit trees. When adults are sexually mature, males begin to sing to attract females to mate. After mating, the male insect dies, and the female insect dies after laying eggs, thus completing its mission of reproducing. Catching cicadas is different from catching other singing insects. Cicada has phototaxis. As night falls, as long as you light a fire under the trunk and knock on the trunk at the same time, cicadas will pounce on the fire. At this time, it will be very interesting to hurry up and take them alive. Knowing the breeding method, we know that artificial breeding has the advantages of small investment, easy mastery of technology, labor saving, high efficiency and no risk, and it is a new project for rural prosperity. Biological characteristics of locusts Locusts are widely distributed, mainly inhabiting broad-leaved trees, especially the twigs of poplar, willow, elm, peach and apple trees. Completed in 3-5 years 1 generation. Female cicadas lay eggs in July and August, and the eggs are laid in xylem of new shoots with a diameter of 4-7 mm, and each nest lays 6-8 eggs, with an average of 90 eggs per 1 spawning branch. The female insect cuts the epidermis of the paved branches with an ovipositor, so that the paved branches die, so that the branches can be buried in the soil after landing. The life span of adults is 60-70 days. Cicada eggs fall to the ground with dead branches for the winter. It hatches in mid-May of the following year, and the incubation period ends in late June, and the egg period is close to 300 days. From late May to late August, the mature larvae emerge from the soil, climb to shrub branches, weed stems and other places, shed their feathers and become adults. The peak period is from mid-June to mid-July, and the ending period is from early June to early October of 10. Mating and spawning are carried out 20 days after emergence, with the peak spawning period from late June to late August and the end spawning period from late September to early June. The death period of adults is165438+1early October. Feeding management provides high-quality feed. Such as poplar, willow, elm or various fruit trees. It is also necessary to intercrop rhizomatous plants, such as potato, sweet potato and yam, to provide feed for cicadas and larvae. 2. Provide good environmental conditions. Cicada eggs are 30-50 cm deep and must be buried in sunny, anti-freezing, soft, fertile, pollution-free and suitable humidity places. Winter should be covered with wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw, etc. , to keep the ground temperature. 3. Establish a production site. In addition to collecting cicada eggs naturally, a large net room can be built to provide adult cicadas with spawning space to prevent adult cicadas from escaping and being preyed by the enemy. You can use fruit trees in abandoned orchards, or plant saplings in abandoned orchards. A fence with cement columns or wooden poles can be erected around it, and the top can be sealed with barbed wire and nylon net. Emerged or harvested adults mate and lay eggs in the net room, gradually forming the seed source area, and it is not necessary to collect wild seed eggs. The seed source 1 was obtained by breeding technology, and eggs were collected. Choose a place with dense trees and many cicadas, and use a long pole with a high-branch scissors at the top to cut off the thin and dry branches killed by cicada eggs on the tree. Any cicada egg with flat and dry side, incomplete surface and a large number of ivory oval eggs embedded in the xylem under the skin is called cicada egg. Cut off the extra dead branches without eggs on the upper part of the ovary, and leave 10- 15 cm without eggs on the lower part of the ovary trace. Bundle 50 branches into small bundles of 1 and put them into plastic bags. Leave a hole in the plastic bag. 2. Adult collection. The mature larvae were collected at 18-24. The reaper caught the tree with a flashlight at the bottom of the trunk. After harvesting, they are put into a sarong to feather and lay eggs. Shrubby host plants can be planted in the cage for laying eggs, and some seedling fruit trees can also be planted. You can also catch adults in trees.