Data about Yichang

Yichang City is located in the southwest of Hubei Province, at the junction of the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and in the transition zone from the mountainous area of western Hubei to Jianghan Plain, "controlling Bashu in the upper part and painting Jingxiang in the lower part". The land span is between north latitude11015' ~1204' and 29 56' ~ 3134', and the maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 174.08 km. It is adjacent to Jingzhou City and Jingmen City in the east, Shimen County in Hunan Province in the south, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in the west, Shennongjia Forest Area and Xiangfan City in the north.

history

Yichang has a long history. One hundred and twenty thousand years ago, there were "Changyang people" activities in the Qingjiang River Basin. The discovery of dozens of Neolithic sites in China proves that the ancestors of the Chinese nation thrived on this land seven or eight thousand years ago. Yichang belonged to Xiling tribe in ancient times. The Xia and Shang Dynasties were the domain of ancient Jingzhou, and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were the important places of Chu Cisse. It was built as a city, and was later ruled by counties, prefectures and governments in past dynasties. In the 21st year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty (278 BC), General Qin set out to attack Chu, pull out Ying and burn Yiling, and the name of Yiling first appeared in historical records. In the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 BC), Yichang was a county in the south. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, both Song and Qi made friends with Jin. Liang changed Yidu County to Yizhou, the Western Wei Dynasty to Tuozhou, and the later Zhou Dynasty. In the third year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (AD 607), Zhou Xia was changed to Yiling County, which governed Yiling County, Yidao County, Changyang County and Yuan 'an County. Yiling County is a county government, which is under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou Dudufu. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Yiling County was changed to Shanzhou, leading to the above four counties, belonging to Shannan East Road. At the beginning of Tianbao, it was changed to Yiling County. In the first year of Gan Yuan (758), Shaanxi was rebuilt, which governed the original four counties and still belonged to Shannan East Road. During the Five Dynasties, Shaanxi, Jingzhou and Guizhou were Nanping countries. Northern Song Dynasty, known as Shanzhou, belongs to Jinghu North Road, and still governs the original four counties of Yiling. During the Yuanfeng period (1078 ~ 1085), "Shaanxi" was changed to "Gorge". In the 17th year of Yuan Dynasty (1280), Zhou Xia became Zhou Xia Road, which was in charge of four counties and belonged to Jinghu North Road. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhou Xiadao was changed to Zhou Xiafu. In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), Zhou Xia was changed to Yiling, which led Yidu, Changyang and Yuan 'an counties and governed Yiling, belonging to Jingnan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei. In the fourth year of Qing Shunzhi (1647), Yiling County was under Jingzhou County. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, Yiling was changed to Yiling. In the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), Yiling Prefecture was upgraded to Yichang Prefecture, and Yiling County was changed to Donghu County, which was also the seat of Yichang Prefecture, and was in charge of five counties, namely Donghu, Xingshan, Badong, Changyang and Changle, as well as Guizhou and Hefeng, belonging to Jingyi Shidao. Yidu, Zhijiang, Dangyang and Yuan 'an belong to Jingzhou Prefecture. In the second year of Guangxu (1876), the Sino-British Yantai Treaty was signed, and Yichang was turned into a trading port. The following year, Yichang set up a customs office and officially opened to the outside world.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the government-state system was abolished and a three-level system of provinces and counties was implemented. 19 12, Donghu County was changed to Yichang County, which belongs to Jingnan Road with Xingshan County, Zigui County, Badong County, Changyang County, Wufeng County and Hefeng County. Dangyang and Yuan 'an belong to Xiangnan Road. 1922, Yichang belongs to Jingyi Road. The counties of Yichang, Yidu, Dangyang, Yuan 'an, Xingshan, Zigui, Changyang and Wufeng in 1932 and 1936 belong to the ninth and sixth administrative supervision areas successively, and the Commissioner's Office is located in Yichang County. Zhijiang County belongs to the seventh and fourth administrative supervision areas of Hubei Province. During the Second Revolutionary Civil War, Yichang was the base of Hunan-Hubei Border Region, far away from Guangxi (Zigui), Xing (Mountain)-Ba (East) and Jing (Gate)-Dang (Yang). During the War of Liberation,1August, 948, Jianghan District Committee decided to formally establish the Fourth Commissioner's Office (also known as Xiangxi Department), and 19491October changed it to Dangyang Department. On May 20th 1949, Yichang Commissioner's Office was established in Dangyang, and the Yichang Party and Government Leading Group was established in Dangyang in the same month. On June 1 1, Yichang Municipal Party Committee and Yichang Municipal People's Government were formally established in Lujiawan, Dangyang. July 1949, Yichang City was liberated. Yichang organs and Yichang party and government organs immediately moved from Dangyang to Yichang City. 1949165438+1October 15, Yichang was liberated today.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Hubei Province was divided into eight administrative regions, and Yichang District Commissioner's Office administered Yichang, Yidu, Zhijiang, Dangyang, Yuan 'an, Xingshan, Zigui, Changyang and Wufeng. At the same time, the original Yichang county and suburban rural areas will be set aside and Yichang City will be established, which will be directly under the jurisdiction of the Hubei Provincial People's Government. 195 1 changed to Yichang District Commissioner of Hubei Provincial People's Government, and 1955 changed to Yichang Commissioner of Hubei Province. In June, 1954, 1 1, Yichang became the leader of Yichang special agency. At this time, Yichang governs 9 counties 1 city. 1July, 955, Zhijiang County was revoked and its jurisdiction was merged into Yidu County. At this time, Yichang Commissioner's Office governs 8 counties 1 city. 1958 12. The Yichang Commissioner's Office was abolished and the Yidu Industrial Zone Administrative Office was established. 1961may, Yidu industrial zone administrative office was revoked and Yichang Commissioner's office was established. 1June, 962, Zhijiang county was restored, and it is still under the jurisdiction of Yichang agency. So far, Yichang Commissioner's Office has jurisdiction over 9 counties 1 city. 1968 1 Yichang District Revolutionary Committee was established. 197 1 year 1 month Shennongjia forest area was placed under the leadership of Yichang area, and 1972 was restored to the provincial level in March. 1In August, 1978, Yichang District Revolutionary Committee was abolished and Yichang District Administrative Office was established. 1June, 979, Yichang became the provincial capital city again. 1984 July 13, the State Council approved the revocation of Changyang County and Wufeng County, and established Changyang County and Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County respectively to implement regional ethnic autonomy. 1986 12 13, the State Council approved Yichang to establish three county-level administrative regions: Xiling, Wujiagang and Dianjun. 1987165438+1On October 30th, the State Council approved the cancellation of Yidu County and the establishment of a sub-city (1June 9981renamed as an appropriate city). 1988101On October 22nd, the State Council approved Dangyang County to withdraw from the county and set up a city.

1March, 1992, in order to meet the needs of reform and development, with the approval of the central government, Yichang was merged to implement the system of city leading county. At this time, Yichang has seven counties (Yichang County, Zhijiang County, Yuan 'an County, Xingshan County, Zigui County, Changyang Tujia Autonomous County and Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County), two cities (Zhicheng and dangyang city) and three districts (Xiling, Wujiagang and Dianjun). 1March 2, 9951day, the State Council approved the establishment of Yichang city? V pavilion area. 1On July 30th, 996, the State Council approved the withdrawal of Zhijiang County to set up a city. On March 22nd, 20001year, the State Council approved the revocation of Yichang County and the establishment of Yiling District. So far, Yichang has jurisdiction over 5 districts, 5 counties and 3 cities.

geology

Yichang has a complex geographical environment and complex geological structure. Strata in all geological ages, from Proterozoic 65.438+0.8 billion years ago to Cenozoic/kloc-0.0 million years ago, are distributed and fully developed and exposed. Li Siguang, a world-famous geologist, completed the geomechanical structural features of Li Siguang after investigating the geology and geomorphology in the Three Gorges area, and became a great master, which aroused the great interest of the world geologists and preserved the oldest and most primitive animal fossils with shells, namely the Xiling Gorge found in this city. Strata is one of the standard stratigraphic areas in southern China, and many typical geological sections exposed are well-known in the geological circles at home and abroad. The Sinian section of the Three Gorges established by Professor Li Siguang in 1924 established the Sinian stratigraphic unit, which was recognized by the international geological community. The Ordovician section in Huanghuachang is considered as a typical section of Ordovician in China, with well-developed strata and abundant fossils. The boundary section between Ordovician and Silurian in Wangjiawan is one of the three most famous sections in the world. Yichang city has no major faults passing through, the crust is relatively stable and there is no seismogenic structure. According to the records of 1600 years, the earthquake intensity in the urban area does not exceed 5 degrees. Yichang city is located in the west of the Yangtze River Jianghuai platform. The geological structure is roughly outlined as Huangling anticline in the north-central, Dangyang basin in the east, Zigui basin in the west, Changyang anticline and RenHeping syncline in the south, Wufeng syncline in the southwest, Shennongjia anticline in the northwest, and platform edge fold belt in the north. From the geomechanical point of view, it is a composite part of the southern section of the third uplift belt of the new Cathaysian primary structure and the Huaiyang mountain-shaped structural system.

Yichang city has complex terrain and great disparity in elevation difference. The western mountainous areas account for 69% of the city's total area, mainly distributed in Xingshan, Zigui, Changyang, Wufeng County and the west of Yiling District. Most of the mountainous areas are at an altitude of 1000 meters. Many mountains are over 2000 meters above sea level. Fairy mountain in Xingshan County is 2427 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the city. There are many mountain canyons, some of which are majestic and steep, with cliffs and towering into the sky; Some are deep and beautiful, full of twists and turns. There are such canyons in the Yangtze River, Qingjiang River, Xiangxi River and Huangbai Valley, and Xiling Gorge, one of the world-famous Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, is one of them. The central hills are located in the transition zone between mountains and plains, and are cut by high-order long-term weathering and erosion of low mountains or continuous gentle slopes. Altitude 100m ~ 500m, slope 5 ~ 25 degrees, accounting for 2 1% of the total area. They are distributed in Yuan 'an, Yidu, the east of Yiling and the north of Dangyang. The eastern plain is located at the western edge of Jianghan Plain, with an altitude below 100 m, and Yanglin Lake in Zhijiang is 35 m above sea level, which is the lowest point in the city. It accounts for 10% of the total area and is distributed in Zhijiang, southeast Dangyang, southeast of the city, Yidu, Yuan 'an along the Yangtze River, downstream of Qingjiang River and both banks of Zhang Ju Valley. In addition, there are many karst landforms in the city, mainly distributed in Wufeng, Changyang, Xingshan Zigui, Yidu and other mountainous hills. There are many kinds of karst landforms, such as Shan Qi, beautiful rocks, strange caves and beautiful water, which are good places for tourism.

manage

Yichang has jurisdiction over five counties (Yuan 'an County, Xingshan County, Zigui County, Changyang Tujia Autonomous County and Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County), three county-level cities (Yidu City, dangyang city City and zhijiang city City), five districts (Yiling District, Xiling District, Wujiagang District, Dianjun District and Xiaoting District), and there are 25 townships and towns.

climate

Main climatic characteristics: First, the phenomenon of severe winter has interrupted the continuous warm winter since 1986. In winter (1~ February), the temperature is obviously low and there is more rain and snow. There were obvious rain, snow, low temperature and freezing disasters in early February. The winters similar to 1964, 1969, 1974 and 1984 are the lowest temperatures in winter since 1986. Second, the temperature changes dramatically in spring. On March 1 1 ~ 12, there was a snowstorm cold wave, and the daily average temperature dropped by 15.4℃ for 48 hours, ranking first in the same period in history. The temperature suddenly rose in early April, and the extreme maximum temperature reached 3 1℃~ 33℃, which was 1, the highest in the same period since 1949. Third, strong convective weather came early, and local sudden weather occurred from time to time. From February to September, there were 20 rainstorms, local hail 10, local gale 12, thunderstorm 4 and hail 3. Fourth, the total precipitation in the city is less. From March to early July, the total rainfall in most parts of the city was 40-90% less than that in the same period in history (only 20% less than that in Wufeng). Fifth, there have been regional heavy rains to heavy rains. On July 9 ~ 10, there was a heavy precipitation process from regional rainstorm to heavy rainstorm. From 8: 00 on July 9 to 8: 00 on June 0, the precipitation was 70 mm ~ 147 mm, and the rainfall in Zigui, the Three Gorges Dam area, the urban area, Wufeng, Yiling District and Changyang was 10.

Annual average temperature: the annual average temperature of the five peaks in the Mid-Levels is 14.8℃, while that in other areas is 16.5℃ ~ 17.4℃, which is continuously high by 0.2℃ ~ 0.8℃. In terms of time distribution, there are four high temperature periods throughout the year: from late February to early March, from late March to mid-July, and from mid-September to early June 10, 1 1. Among them, the continuous high temperature of 1 1 day from late March to mid-July is rare in history. There are three low temperature periods throughout the year:1from late October to mid-February, mid-August and early February.

Annual rainfall and rainy days: the annual rainfall is 727mm ~ 1264mm, which is generally 20 ~ 40% less. The total rainy days in the whole year are11~149 days, which is generally less than 10 ~ 2 1 day. The number of rainstorm days is 1 ~ 4 days, with Yidu having the most rainstorm days (4 days) and other areas having 1 ~ 3 days. In mid-February, early July, late July to late August, mid-September and mid-June 10, the precipitation was obviously high; From the middle of April to the end of June, from the end of September to 65438+1early October, from the end of 65438+1early October to165438+/kloc-0.

Annual sunshine hours: the annual sunshine hours are 126 1 ~ 1745 hours, generally 50 ~ 320 hours less. 65438+1The sunshine hours from early October to mid-February, early May to early June, and late July to early September are obviously less. There are more sunshine hours in early March, April and mid-September.

Annual extreme maximum temperature: the annual extreme maximum temperature in all parts of the city is 36.8℃ ~ 40.8℃, which appears in early July.

Annual extreme minimum temperature: the annual extreme minimum temperature in all parts of the city is -6.2℃ ~-3. 1℃, appearing in 65438+February 18.

Gale days: There are 2 gale days in zhijiang city, and there are/kloc-0 gale days in Yichang, dangyang city, Zigui, Wufeng and Yuan 'an.

Hail days: from April to September, there were about 10 hailstones in Xingshan, Zigui, Yiling, Yuan 'an and Yichang, and there were three or more hailstones in Xingshan, Wufeng and Yiling.

Land population

land

Land use status in 2005: agricultural land 1849 174.8 hectares, accounting for 87.11%of the total land area; Construction land 1 13 148.93 hectares, accounting for 5.3%; Unused land 160376.6 hectares, accounting for 7.59%. Among the agricultural land, there are 352,783.67 hectares of cultivated land, 88,670.53 hectares of garden land, 65,438+0,280,580.93 hectares of woodland, 365,438+0,654,38+0.52 hectares of grazing land, and 65,438+0,438 hectares of other agricultural land such as farmland water conservancy. Among the construction land, residential land and industrial and mining land are 82,663.87 hectares. Traffic land is 79 15.38 hectares, and water conservancy facilities land is 22,569.67 hectares.

human population

At the end of 2005, the total population of the city was 3,987,782, an increase of 26 17 compared with 3,985165 in 2004, with a growth rate of 0.07%. Of the total population, the male population is 205,2951,accounting for 51.48%; The female population is 193483 1, accounting for 48.52%, and the sex ratio is 100: 106. At the end of the year, the total number of households in the city was 1399299, an increase of 30933 households compared with the total number of households in 2004 1368366, with a growth rate of 2.2 1%, with an average of 3 households. In 2005, the city's birth population was 24,085, and the birth rate was 6.04‰, which was 0.67 ‰ lower than that of 26,739 in 2004. There were 20,932 deaths, with a mortality rate of 5.25‰, which was 0.9 1 ‰ lower than that of 24,562 in 2004. The population naturally increased by 3 153, with a natural growth rate of 0.79‰, which was 0.24‰ higher than that of 0.55‰ in 2004.

In 2005, 23 15 people were cleared, 840 people had no household registration, and 20 1 person had a migration permit.

In 2005, there were 37,444 migrants and 34,043 floating population, and the mechanical growth rate was -0.85‰.

The main reasons for the negative growth of urban population are as follows: First, the number of births is less than the number of deaths, resulting in natural negative growth. There were 525 deaths in Yuan 'an County, 254 deaths in Zigui County, 33 deaths in Changyang Tujia Autonomous County and 324 deaths in zhijiang city. Second, the number of people moving out is greater than the number of people moving in, mainly joining the army and students going out to study, while the number of people returning home is very small. The number of immigrants in Yuan 'an County is 635, Zigui County is 1455, Changyang Tujia Autonomous County is 2 149, dangyang city is 29 17, and zhijiang city is 1366. Third, immigrants moved out, 60 households with 226 people moved out, mainly to Chongqing and Hubei Jianli for land preparation and returning farmland to forests.