Can you explain the rules of softball in general detail?

Softball became a women's event after its technical difficulty and sports intensity were lower than baseball. Softball was born out of a need. Because of the bad weather and crowded cities, baseball was moved indoors and softball was formed. Softball was born in Chicago, USA from 65438 to 1980. The sport has developed rapidly and gradually moved to the outdoors. Now there are 20 million people playing this sport all over the world.

Compared with baseball, one of the three major sports in the United States, softball requires a small field, a big ball and a slow ball speed (because the rules of softball stipulate that the hand must be under the shoulder during throwing). Because of the above advantages, softball quickly swept the United States.

There are two kinds of softball-fast softball and slow softball. Both forms of softball are deeply loved by the American people. With the expansion of American power in World War II, softball has been popularized all over the world. Since then, softball has gradually become a women's sport. In the 1950 s, softball also changed from a mass sport to a competitive sport. Australia held the first national women's softball championship as early as 1947, and the corresponding men's competition didn't start until 1984. 1965, in the final of the first women's softball world championships held in Melbourne, Australia, the host team Australia beat the United States with 1-0 and won the world championship. After this game, fast softball quickly became the mainstream of softball.

The 2nd Women's Softball World Championship was held on 1970. Since then, men's, women's and youth softball world championships have been held every four years. Today, one hundred years after the birth of softball, softball is still one of the most popular sports in America. The World Softball Federation also has more than 1 10 member countries.

In the early days of softball development, there were four shortstops, and each shortstop had ten players. Slow softball is also known as Kiten Ball and Softball. Because the rules of slow softball require the pitcher to throw the ball with an arc, the speed of the ball is effectively limited, and the score of the game is usually high. On the contrary, fast softball is a low-scoring pitcher's game with only nine players.

However, Olympic softball is not much worse than professional baseball. At the Atlanta Olympic Games, a pitcher threw a ball with a speed of118km per hour. Because the distance between the pitcher and the batter in softball is only 12.2 meters, while baseball is 18.4 meters, and the average speed of baseball pitcher is 160 km/h, so for softball players, their reaction ability is not much worse than that of baseball players.

In addition, softball, which is called "soft ball" in English, is actually as hard as baseball. The only difference between the two balls is that the circumference of the softball body is 30.4 cm and that of the baseball body is 22.8 cm.

compete

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Eight teams participated in the Olympic softball competition, and the competition was conducted according to the rules of fast softball. Of the eight teams, except the host team, the other seven teams were selected through regional qualifiers.

Eight teams will play the big round robin first, and each team will play against seven other opponents once. Before the round robin, the four teams entered the semi-final of Pepe system, that is, the first team played the second team, and the winning team directly entered the final; In another semi-final between the third team and the fourth team, the losing team competed with the winning team for another final seat.

China Women's Softball Team

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Softball originated in the United States 1887 and was introduced to China in the early 20th century. 19 15 At the Far East Games held in Shanghai, the Philippine women's softball team performed. Since then, softball has gradually developed in missionary schools in China, and softball competitions have been held in several national sports in the old China period. 1959 1 Women's softball teams from 2 1 provinces and cities participated in the National Games. Women's softball has been listed as an official event except for the second and fifth National Games. 1977 Japanese youth women's softball team visited China for the first time. 1979165438+1October China officially joined the World Softball Federation. 1980 10 China women's softball team visited Italy and scored 4 wins and 2 draws. 1990 At the Asian Games, women's softball was listed as an official event of the Asian Games. In the 26th Olympic Games from 65438 to 0996, women's softball was first included in the official competition.

① Tournament. 198 1 year, China participated in the first China-Japan-US Championship and won the second place. 1986 China won the second place in the International Cup held in Los Angeles, USA. 1986 1 China participated in the 6th World Women's Softball Championship held in New Zealand for the first time and won the second place. 1987 the 4th Asian women's softball championship was held in Japan, and China won the championship. 199 1 The 4th World Young Women's Softball Championship was held in Australia, and China won the third place. In the 8th World Women's Softball Championship held in Canada from 65438 to 0994, 28 countries and regions participated, and China won the second place. 1995 The 6th Asian Women's Softball Championship was held in the Philippines, and China 1 won the championship, achieving three consecutive championships.

② Asian Games and Olympic Games. 1 1- 13 Asian Games, China women's softball team won the championship. In the 26th Olympic Games from 65438 to 0996, China women's softball team won the second place under the leadership of head coach Li Minkuan. At the 27th Olympic Games in 2000, China ranked fourth.

③ Other events. 1983 Participated in the 2nd Hongkong International Women's Softball Invitational Tournament, and the China women's softball team beat the World Champion New Zealand and the top teams in Canada, Australia and Japan to win the championship. 65438-0989 China won the Intercontinental Cup women's softball competition in Italy. 65438-0992 In the Women's Softball Challenger Cup (World Cup) held in Beijing, China won the fourth place.

competition range

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Site layout

The playing field is a right-angled fan-shaped area, and both sides of the right angle are the boundary lines that distinguish the in-bound area from the out-of-bounds area. The boundary is divided into infield and outfield. The infield is square, a red battlefield, with a base at each corner. The base at the sharp corner is home plate, and the counterclockwise direction is first base, second base and third base respectively. The area outside the infield is the outfield and the outfield is the turf field. The playing field must be flat without any obstacles.

Website size

The distance between the side guardrails in the field is18.3m. The distance from the pitcher's plate to the home plate is13.10m. The range of not less than 7.62 ~ 9. 14 meters behind home plate and outside the lines on both sides is out of bounds of the effective competition area. The length of the two straight lines is 67.06 meters, and the distance from any point of the arc connecting line at the top of the two straight lines to the sharp corner of home plate is 67.06 meters. (

Facilities and equipment

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Qualified bat

The bat can be made of metal, bamboo, plastic, carbon lead, magnesium, glass fiber, ceramics or other synthetic materials recognized by IAAF. Any bat used in international competitions must be approved by the International Baseball Federation. At present, metal bats are widely used in international competitions. The length of the bat shall not exceed 86.4 cm (34 inches), the weight shall not exceed 1077 g (38 ounces), and the thickest part of the round bar shall not exceed 5.7 cm (2.25 inches).

Qualified softball

The ball used in international competitions must meet the standards stipulated by the Rules Committee of the International Baseball Federation, and the word ISF must be printed on the ball.

Teenage competition ball

A ball with a circumference of 27.9 cm (1 1 inch) can have a circumference of 27.6 ~ 28.3 cm (10.875 ~1.125 inch) and has a weight. 2.2.2 A ball with a circumference of 30.5 cm (12 inch) can be 30.2 ~ 30.8 cm (11.875 ~ L2.125 inch) and its weight is/kloc-0.

home base

It should be made of rubber, a pentagonal rubber plate with its sharp corner facing the water tank.

Pitcher board

It should be made of rubber and located in a circle centered on the pitcher's board.

Bao Lei

Made of canvas or other suitable materials, and must be nailed to a predetermined position on the ground. First base uses a double base bag.

gloves

Any player can use mittens, but mittens are only for catcher and first baseman. The length of the upper end of the tiger's mouth of any glove (that is, the interval between the upper end of thumb and forefinger) shall not be greater than 12.7 cm, and leather ropes or other leather products devices may be used. The pitcher's gloves must be a single color, except white and gray. Other contestants can wear color matching gloves, but there must be no white or gray circles on the back.

sneakers

Players should wear spiked shoes, and the uppers should be canvas, leather or similar substances. You can wear spikes in adult competitions, and you can't wear spikes in youth competitions, but you can use rubber spikes. Round metal spikes and metal soles, such as hard rubber or polyurethane, are not allowed to be used in any level of competition.

protective gowns

The receiver must wear a mask, chest protector, throat protector and leg protector, and the attacker must wear a helmet. Any player can wear a mask.

clothes

Athletes of the same team must wear the same color and style of clothing. Don't wear any metal ornaments or other decorations, such as watches, bracelets, earrings and necklaces.

The Olympic softball competition adopts the rule of throwing softball quickly. 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, the highest pitching speed reached 1 18km/h, and most high-level pitchers also reached100 ~115km/h. Batters must stand at a distance from the pitchers' board/kloc.

Watching etiquette

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Before watching the game, the audience had better know the basic rules of softball game, so as to see the wonderful scenes and fully enjoy the fun of watching the game. In order to create a good atmosphere for athletes to give full play to their level, the audience should also pay attention to their own behavior, so as to be civilized, decent, enthusiastic and temperate.

Like other ball games, spectators can organize cheerleaders to cheer for their favorite teams, but to control the sense of rhythm, it is best not to shout blindly. The pitcher throws the ball, and the player is most nervous at the moment of hitting the ball. At this time, the athletes concentrate all their attention and should try to keep quiet at this time. When the ball is hit, he can cheer. The high mood of the audience helps to infect athletes and let them play their best. Especially when there is a home run on the spot, the cheers of the audience and the wonderful performances of the athletes complement each other and push the game to a climax.

rules of a contest/competition

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Women's softball is a game in which two teams attack and defend alternately. Generally, the winner who scores more points after playing 7 games. If the two teams draw after seven games, they will go into overtime until one team wins. There are generally four referees in official competitions, namely 1 ball referee and three base referees, and two line referees will be added in major competitions.

In the softball competition, there are 9 players from each side.

According to the position on the field, the defenders are:

1. pitcher

take over

3. First baseman

4. second baseman

5. Third baseman

6. shortstop

7. Left outfielder

8. Chinese and foreign outfielders

9. Right outfielder

The attacking players hit the ball in turn according to the pre-arranged order.

Score and safety

In the game, after the batter hits the ball thrown by the other pitcher, he can't run until the ball falls inside the sideline. If it falls outside the sideline, it is a foul ball, and the batter continues to hit the ball. If the hit ball is caught by the defender in the air, the batter is out directly, whether in or out of bounds. After the ball falls into the inside, the defender must quickly pick up the ball and pass it to the designated base. If the batter (or base runner who is already on base) arrives before the ball reaches the corresponding base, it is safe, otherwise he is out. If the batter reaches first base counterclockwise, he becomes a runner, then runs to second base, third base in turn, and finally runs back to home plate, he gets a point. In a game, if three players of the attacking side are out, the attack is over and the two sides exchange offense and defense. Both sides attack and defend once in a game.

Homer

A home run is when the batter hits the ball directly to the outfield fence. At this time, the batter and all base runner can run back to home plate to score.

Softball is a game in which two teams alternately hit and catch balls. The purpose of both sides of the competition is to get the highest score in seven rounds (that is, seven rounds of batting). If three batters of one team are eliminated, the team's half-court game is over. If the two teams draw after seven games, the two teams will enter the play-offs until one team wins.

Score:

In a game, if the batter hits the ball, reaches first base counterclockwise, then runs all the third bases and finally runs back to home plate, the team scores one point. After the batter hit the ball thrown by the opposing team, the batter got first base. The ball hit by the batter must fall inside the sideline and in front of the receiver, so that the receiver can catch the ball with gloves. Before the catcher can bring the ball to base, the batter must first get on base.

At the base:

If the batter hits the ball out of the court (four balls out of the court) or is hit by a ball thrown by the other side, the batter can also get on base safely. However, if it is a home run and the ball is often hit out of the fence, then the batter and all runners should run around the base and score immediately. Generally speaking, the first batter arrives at first base safely, and then other batters hit the ball and occupy it first base, thus scoring.

Batters and runners can run to the next base that is not occupied by other runners. However, if the batter gets on base after the catcher, then the batter is eliminated. If the batter hits a ground ball, base runner should run from first base to second base as soon as possible, so that the batter can easily run to first base. Similarly, if a player is forced to run to the base occupied by his teammates, other runners will run to the next base accordingly.

In both cases, the runner must run the base, and the receiver only needs to reach the next base before the runner after receiving the ball, so that the runner can be eliminated. There's no need to chase each other, base runner. .

Knock down the opposing batter:

The purpose of the bowler is to knock down the batter (that is, base runner). There are three ways to achieve this goal:

Force the batter to hit a ground ball to the infielder (the infielder throws the ball to the first baseman and runs to first base at once).

Force the batter to hit the ball into the air so that his teammates can catch it.

Force the batter out.

Other rules:

If the batter hits a boundary ball, unless the player has played two good balls before, then the ball is the batter's fault.

If the batter hits the ball for the third time and is caught by the catcher after the first two failures, then the batter strikes out.

Once the catcher catches the batter's ball in the air, base runner must leave home plate and reach the next base before the catcher.

Before receiving the ball, if base runner runs off the home plate, and the catcher gets the ball and successfully gets on the base before base runner returns, then base runner will be eliminated.

The batter can run past the first base, but if she runs or slides past the second or third base, she may be caught up by the catcher and eliminated.

The runner can start running before the batter hits the ball, or steal the base.

On the third stroke, the batter will be eliminated for touching the ball.

A bowler must land on at least one leg when pitching.

Players can return to the field after being replaced, but a substitute can only replace one player on the field.

Softball field:

Usually, the infield of softball is mud and the outfield is grass. Because the softball field is surrounded by the home plate and other third bases in a diamond shape, it is also called a diamond field.

The distance between the bases is 18.3 meters (60 feet). An imaginary line connects the four bases into a diamond with an acute angle of 45 degrees.

The pitcher stood on the rubber pitching mat in the middle of the court. A strong pitcher can usually pitch at the speed of 1 10 km/h, but in order to disturb the batting rhythm of the batter, the pitcher will also throw some slower balls, such as slow balls to let the batter empty.

The size of the outfield is not so strict, but there must be at least 6 1 m (200 feet) between the home plate and the outfield fence of women's softball.

Qualifications for Olympic Games:

There will be eight teams competing in the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. As the host country, the Australian team was automatically selected. Through the 1998 World Cup, the United States, Japan, China and Canada all qualified for the Olympic Games. The other three teams are Italy, New Zealand and Cuba. These three teams qualified through the regional championships.

Competition mode:

These eight teams are all playing in the same stadium, and each team will meet the other seven teams. The top four will advance to the semi-finals. In the semi-final, the first place will compete with the second place, and the third place will compete with the fourth place. The losers of the first and second teams will be the winners of the third and fourth teams, and the winner of this game will compete with the winner between the first and second teams for the championship. ,

Comparison between softball and baseball;

If you are familiar with baseball, you may find that softball and baseball have many similarities. At the same time, you will find that there are great differences between them.

Softball uses bigger balls than baseball.

Softball bases are 18.3 meters (60 feet) apart, while baseball bases are 27.45 meters (90 feet) apart.

The pitch distance of softball is 12.2 meters (40 feet), and that of baseball is 18.4 meters (60 feet 6 inches).

Softball players pitch with forearm movements, while baseball players pitch with their hands over their shoulders.

Unlike baseball pitchers, softball pitchers don't throw the ball on the protruding mound.

In softball game, the runner must keep one foot on the ground before the ball is thrown.

There are seven innings in softball and nine innings in baseball.

Another obvious difference is that if the two teams are still tied after nine innings, the softball rules stipulate that in the play-off, the runner will run from second base in his own half inning to increase the chances of scoring.

In addition, softball has a safety base on the first base, that is, an orange base attached to the ordinary white base to avoid collision. The runner must run to the orange safety base and the first baseman must run to the white base.

Finally, at the Olympic Games, baseball has used wooden bats, while most softball batters still use aluminum bats. Softball can even use three bats, but people still like to use ordinary round sticks.

world champion

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Achievements of women's softball competitions in previous World Cups

In, the team won the first place, the third place, the fifth place and the sixth place.

America, Japan, Canada and Australia in 2004

Japanese, American, Australian, China and Canadian.

The United States, Japan, Canada, Australia, China and Britain.

On March 6, 2007, the United States, Japan, Canada, China, Venezuela and Dominica

Results of softball competitions in previous Olympic Games

Olympic gold, silver and bronze medals

1996 Atlanta, China, Australia, USA

Sydney, USA, Japan and Australia in 2000

Athens, USA, Australia and Japan in 2004

Previous Women's Softball World Championships

Number of teams participating in the next year, ranking, champion, runner-up, runner-up and performance of China team.

Melbourne, Australia 5 Australia USA Japan

2 1970 Osaka, Japan 9 Japan USA Philippines

3 1974 Stratford, USA 15 USA, Japan and Australia

4 1978 El Salvador 15 USA, Canada and New Zealand

5 1982 China Taipei 23 New Zealand China Taipei Australia

6 1986 Auckland, New Zealand 12 USA China New Zealand runner-up.

7 1990 US Medicine Administration Numa 20 US New Zealand China ranked third.

8 1994 Canadian St. John 28 US China China Taipei runner-up

9 1998 Fuji Palace in Japan 17 USA, Australia and Japan ranked fourth.

10 2002 Saskatoon, Canada 16 China, Taipei, USA, Japan, the fourth.

1 1 2006 China and Beijing 16 the United States, Japan and Australia ranked fourth.

The difference between softball and baseball

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Softball is a relatively unpopular event in China. Many people confuse this event with baseball, thinking that the men's event is called baseball and the women's event is called softball. In fact, softball and baseball are different sports, and many countries also have men's softball teams.

Softball developed from baseball. The biggest difference between softball and baseball is that the ball is bigger than baseball. In addition, baseball pitchers throw their hands over their shoulders, while softball pitchers throw their arms lower. The pitch of softball is 40 feet (12.2 meters), while the pitch of baseball is much farther, 60.6 feet (18.4 meters). Softball bases are 60 feet apart (18.3 meters), while baseball bases are 90 feet apart (27.45 meters). There are seven innings in softball and nine innings in baseball. Softball rules also stipulate that after the first seven games are tied, the runner will run from second base in the play-off to increase the chances of scoring.

Softball 1996 entered the Olympic Games, and the United States beat China by a controversial score to become the first Olympic champion. Fast throwing softball is used in the Olympic Games. This ball is faster than ordinary softball. 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, the highest pitching speed reached 1 18km/h, and most pitchers' pitching speed exceeded 100km/h ... Softball is a game in which two teams hit and catch alternately. The purpose of both sides of the competition is to get the highest score in seven rounds (that is, seven rounds of batting). If three batters of one team are eliminated, the team's half-court game is over. If the two teams draw after seven games, the two teams will enter the play-offs until one team wins.

In a game, the batter must reach the first base counterclockwise after hitting the ball, then run all the third bases when the teammate hits the ball, and finally run back to home plate. At this time, the team scored a point. The ball hit by the batter must fall inside the sideline and in front of the receiver, so that the receiver can catch the ball with gloves. Before the catcher can bring the ball to base, the batter must first get on base.

If the batter hits the ball out of the court (four balls out of the court) or is hit by a ball thrown by the other side, the batter can also get on base safely. However, if it is a home run and the ball is often hit out of the fence, then the batter and all runners should run around the base and score immediately. Generally speaking, the first batter arrives at first base safely, and then other batters hit the ball and occupy it first base, thus scoring.

The Olympic softball competition is only for women, with eight teams including China and Taipei, China. These eight teams are all playing in the same stadium, and each team will meet the other seven teams. The top four teams will advance to the Peipai System Finals. The so-called Peiji final is the first place against the second place, and the third place against the fourth place. Then the losers of the first and second teams will face the winners of the third and fourth teams, and the winner of this game will compete with the winner between the first and second teams for the championship. At the Sydney Olympic Games, the United States advanced to the final of Pepe System as the fourth place, and finally won the championship.