What is the growing environment of Chinese cabbage?

(1) temperature. Chinese cabbage is a semi-hardy vegetable and likes cold climate. Different growth stages of Chinese cabbage require different temperatures. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 20℃~25℃. At the optimum temperature and under the condition of keeping the soil moist, the seedlings came out three days after sowing. If the temperature is too high and the climate is dry, it will cause virus disease at seedling stage.

The suitable temperature for the rosette stage of Chinese cabbage is 17℃~22℃. If the temperature is too high, it will easily lead to leaf overgrowth and disease. If the temperature is too low, the growth will be slow, thus delaying the pelletizing time. The heading stage of Chinese cabbage needs mild and cool climate conditions. The average suitable temperature is 12℃~ 18℃, and 10℃~20℃ can also grow well.

In a suitable temperature range, the climate is characterized by sufficient sunshine and strong photosynthesis during the day, which is conducive to the manufacture of nutrients; It is cool at night and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is beneficial to the storage and accumulation of nutrients. ?

(2) lighting. Chinese cabbage needs plenty of sunshine in the vegetative growth stage. Chinese cabbage needs sufficient water supply during its growing period. It takes 20~30 tons of water to irrigate Chinese cabbage once per mu. From sowing to harvesting, it usually needs irrigation 12~ 15 times. Photosynthesis of Chinese cabbage can only be carried out smoothly if sufficient water supply is ensured.

The plot where Chinese cabbage is planted should have good irrigation conditions and drainage system, which can not only ensure the timely and sufficient water demand of Chinese cabbage, but also quickly discharge the excessive accumulated water in the field after rain. ?

(3) moisture. The water requirement of Chinese cabbage is different at different growth stages. The water requirement at seedling stage is not large, but when the soil water content is lower than 10%, the germination and emergence will be affected. Too wet soil has poor air permeability, which is not conducive to seed germination and seedling excavation. The water demand is large during the tree-planting period. After watering at seedling stage and tree-planting stage, attention should be paid to timely intertillage to keep the top soil loose and dry, and the lower soil should maintain a good water-holding state.

Generally speaking, the soil water content at a depth of 20 cm is 17%~ 19%. Nodulation period is the period of maximum water demand. In order to keep the ground moist, the soil water content at a depth of 20 cm should be no less than 20%. ?

(4) soil. Chinese cabbage is suitable for growing on sandy loam, loam or clay loam with deep soil layer, good water retention and drainage, fertile and soft soil and high organic matter content. The soil pH is neutral or weakly acidic, and the soil with strong alkalinity is not suitable for the growth of Chinese cabbage.

Extended data

Cultivation techniques of Chinese cabbage

1, thinning: when there are 2-3 real leaves, the first thinning is carried out. The second seedling has 5-6 leaves. 7-8 leaves can be planted. Choose different row spacing according to different varieties, and leave 1 strong seedlings in each hole. Weeding can be combined with thinning.

2. Top dressing: After the cabbage is planted and survived, top dressing can be started. Topdressing 1 times 15% decomposed human excrement and urine every 3-4 days, with the dosage of 4-5 loads per mu. According to the weather and the dry and wet conditions of the soil, human feces and urine should be mixed with water. When Chinese cabbage enters the clumping stage, the fertilizer concentration should be increased. Usually, 30% decomposed human excrement and urine should be chased once every 5-7 days, and the dosage is 65,438+05-20 tons per mu and 75-65,438+000 kilograms of dried vegetables or hemp.

After packaging, topdressing and potash fertilizer should be applied again to increase production. 30-40 loads of 50% decomposed human manure can be applied per mu, and plant ash 100 kg or potassium sulfate 10- 15 kg can be ditched for topdressing. This time, vegetable farmers are called "stuffing the heart". After vegetation plants are closed, topdressing is generally not needed. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, urea can be applied between rows as appropriate.

3, intertillage and soil cultivation: In order to facilitate topdressing, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed 2-3 times in the early stage. Especially after the long rain clears up, the kang land should be cultivated in time to promote root growth. In the middle stage of the rosette, the cake fertilizer was applied to the border for ridging, and the ridging height was 10- 13 cm. The main purpose of ridging is to facilitate fertilization and watering and reduce diseases. After the cultivation, the manure should be poured into the border, and the leaf label should not be attached.

Water is poured into the ditch to avoid soaking the stump. At the same time, the air circulation in the ditch is maintained, so that the air humidity between plants is reduced. This can reduce the occurrence of soft rot.

4, irrigation: Chinese cabbage seedlings should be lightly watered and kept moist. Intermittent irrigation during the rosette period, see dry and wet, and properly practice seedlings. High water content is required when pelletizing, and furrow irrigation can be used when soil is dry. Irrigation should be carried out in the evening or at night after the ground temperature drops. Fill in slowly, don't fill the border.

After water seeps into the soil, the remaining water should be discharged as soon as possible. Make sure there is no water in the ditch, no water on the sides and no water shortage at the roots. Generally speaking, keeping the soil moist is one of the keys to high yield of Chinese cabbage from the end of heading stage to the middle stage.

5. Bundling leaves and covering: It is an inevitable law for Chinese cabbage to grow and develop without bundling leaves. However, if late-maturing varieties encounter severe cold, in order to promote good fruit and delay harvest supply, the outer leaves are lifted after light snow, tied with straw and covered with a straw-type agricultural film, which can not only protect the heart leaves from freezing damage, but also soften the heart leaves. Early-maturing varieties do not need bunching leaves and covering.

Baidu encyclopedia-cabbage