Main pollutants in haze weather

(1) sulfate (2 points); Automobile exhaust (2 points)

(2) Mongolia or Inner Mongolia (2 points); Cold front (2 points); Strong wind (2 points)

(3)① Ch

(1) sulfate (2 points); Automobile exhaust (2 points)

(2) Mongolia or Inner Mongolia (2 points); Cold front (2 points); Strong wind (2 points)

(3)① China is in the stage of urbanization and rapid economic development, with a large number of cars and a large amount of coal consumption; ② The pollution sources of ②②pm 2.5 are diverse, and source control is difficult to achieve; (3) ③PM2.5 is a comprehensive pollutant, and the single control effect is not significant; ④PM2.5 has a small particle size and a long transportation distance, and the governance needs to form cross-regional, inter-provincial and even transnational cooperation. (2 points for each article, choose three articles, out of 6 points)

(4) The Pearl River Delta region is surrounded by mountains on three sides and faces the sea on one side, so the airflow is not easy to spread; In winter, the cold air from the north is blocked by the Nanling Mountains at the junction of Guangdong Province and Hunan Province, and the wind is weak. In winter and spring, the inversion layer is easy to appear over the Pearl River Delta. (2 points each, choose two items, out of 4 points)

(5)① Improve the energy consumption structure and increase the proportion of natural gas, especially hydropower and nuclear power; (2) Control the number of motor vehicles, and meet the emission standards; (3) Clean production should be carried out in industry, and waste gas should be discharged up to standard; ④ Strengthen greening and beautification. (2 points each, ***8 points)

(1) Pay attention to the "heavy industry city" in the title, and then fill in the blanks with the main components of PM2.5 mentioned in Material 2. Heavy industry cities consume a lot of energy, and coal is the main energy source in China. The combustion process is easy to produce acidic compounds of sulfur and oxygen, so it should be sulfates. It can be clearly seen from the cartoons of PM2.5 in Guangzhou that it is caused by automobile exhaust emissions.

(2) This topic examines the source, path, causes and harm of sandstorms, which belongs to basic knowledge and is relatively simple. Sandstorms in northern China mainly occur from late autumn to early spring. At this time, the weather is dry, there is little precipitation, the surface material is loose, and there are many strong winds and strong winds. Northwest China and Central Asia have a dry climate all the year round, with few surface vegetation, strong wind and many sand sources, which have a great influence on northern China. So the origin is Mongolia or Inner Mongolia. During the sandstorm season, the northwest monsoon prevails in China, blowing from high latitude to low latitude, which is a cold front from the weather system. The main danger is

(3) Analyze the information about PM2.5 in the comprehensive materials. As can be seen from the second material, the source of PM2.5 is very extensive and its composition is very complicated. When managing PM 2.5, we should not only pay attention to one source or one component, but also start from many aspects, so it is very difficult to manage it. The second material also mentioned that "the detention time is long and the transportation distance is long", so it is difficult to unite multiple regions and cross-regional governance. There is also "in the process of rapid economic growth" in the second document, which shows that economic development, the improvement of urbanization level and the improvement of people's material living standards will consume a lot of energy in this process, and the number of cars will increase greatly, which is difficult to control.

(4) Pay attention to the "natural conditions" in the stem, and don't digress. When you answer, you should combine the causes of haze weather. Haze weather is a phenomenon that occurs in winter and spring. When it happened, the wind was small and PM2.5 was more. Among them, the source of PM2.5 is mainly considered to be caused, so this problem is mainly from the perspective of wind. It can be seen from the remote sensing map of Guangzhou that the north, east and west of Guangzhou are all high mountains, and only the south faces the ocean, which makes it difficult for the incoming airflow to spread. At the same time, the mountains in the north stopped the winter wind from going south and weakened the wind. Then there is the special case of inversion, which is not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants. Because inversion hinders the vertical movement of air, hinders the diffusion of pollutants such as smoke and dust, is conducive to the formation of fog and reduces visibility, and air pollution is more serious. As can be seen from the remote sensing map, the Pearl River Delta region is surrounded by mountains on three sides and faces the sea on one side. The terrain is low, similar to the basin topography, and it is prone to inversion. Therefore, there are more foggy weather in the Pearl River Delta.

(5) Rationalization suggestions mainly set out from the artificial point of view, and put forward solutions to the causes of smog and the problems existing in the treatment process. First, improve the energy consumption structure and reduce the sources of PM2.5; The second is to control the number of cars, strengthen the management of automobile exhaust emission standards, and reduce sources. Thirdly, increase urban greening, reduce PM2.5 by using the function of smoke suppression and dust retention of vegetation, and implement clean production by relying on science and technology to reduce PM2.5 in the industrial production process.