Survey of Qushui River Basin

The upstream source is located in the northwest of Liuba County, upstream of Heihe River (Qushui) in the lower reaches of Bai Zi, with an area of 36,200 hectares, accounting for 18.5% of the county's total area. The general trend is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with an altitude of1000 ~ 2610m and an average altitude of1779m. The top of the mountain is round, with good vegetation, cold climate, wet and foggy, thin soil layer and many natural disasters. The area of forest land is large, ranking first in the county, and the grassland accounts for 54.7% of the total grassland area in the county, belonging to the alpine mountain area in the county. Especially at the top of Chaibai Mountain, the meadow is flat and open. The records of Liuba Hall and Baizi Mountain in Qing Dynasty are: 92 peaks, 72 caves and 82 temples.

Baizishan is located in the northwest of the county seat, 35km away from the county seat, with a horizontal distance of16km. The main peak is 2610.2m above sea level. Located between Zhakoushi and Miaotaizi, it is the highest mountain in Liuba Mountain. It spans Liuba and Fengxian from east to west, covering an area of about 50 square kilometers in the county. The two ends of the mountain are high, hence the name "Dragon Rushan". Because there are many cypress trees on the mountain, it is named Baizishan. The mountain is majestic and tall, with limestone, sandstone and ashed soil. The mountains are endless, and there are many strange rocks that stretch for hundreds of miles. Baizishan faces Bashu and is backed by Qinchuan, which is actually a natural barrier connecting Sichuan and Han in the south and Guanzhong in the north. Bai Zi's natural environment has been well protected. Sean Temple is located at the foot of the mountain, and its natural landscape is the most famous. Now it is a provincial-level scenic spot.

Baizishan forest water conservation area is located in the west of the county, with medium-high mountainous terrain and good vegetation. The forest land area accounts for 84.5% of the county's forest land area, belonging to the forest water conservation area. The area is composed of Shangxi River, Donghe River and Tianxingliang River in Heihe River and Baohe River systems, and the average annual runoff is 1. 1.483 million cubic meters. Because it is located in the alpine mountain area, it is humid and low temperature all the year round, with less water and more water.

Lveyang county

The basin in Lueyang County is Zhongshan District in the north and southeast of Lueyang County, and the north of the ridge of Jialing River system is mainly composed of granite and igneous rocks. From north to south, the mountains are high and wide; The valley is cut shallowly, and "V"-shaped valleys and "U"-shaped valleys and dams appear alternately, forming nine, middle and Shanxi valleys. Zhongshan District in the southeast is centered on Taposi Longshan, in the south of the ridge of Jialing River system. The east-west flow accounts for half of the mountains, and the geological structure is mainly sedimentary rocks, with more dissolved rocks and empty mountains. The mountains are big and there are few valleys. Lueyang is located in the hinterland, influenced by continental climate and maritime climate, with four distinct seasons and a continental transitional climate. The northern part of the county is a south warm temperate climate zone and the southern part is a north subtropical climate zone, but the subtropical climate characteristics are only obvious in shallow mountainous areas, river valleys and sporadic areas below 800 meters above sea level. The altitude difference is great, and the three-dimensional climate is obvious. From the lowest elevation of 587m (Dengdengya Village, Lesuhe District) to the highest elevation of 2425m (the main peak of Hunrenping in the northeast), the elevation difference is1838m. The difference in topography has the climatic characteristics of "one foot high, one foot difference".

In Mianxian county, the giant river passes through the western mountainous area, belonging to the northwest edge of the Yangtze paraplatform, and consists of shallow mountains and hills. The mountain is not high and the ditch is deep, the ground is uneven and the slope is gentle. The Han River runs through here from west to east, Dai Yu runs from south to north, and Qushui River flows into the Han River from north to south. The western mountainous area is divided into four parts, and the streams in each part are changeable. The rock types are mainly metamorphic rocks, and a small amount of granite is distributed in some hills. The area is 592,500 mu, accounting for 16.4% of the county's total area. Hilly areas below 800 meters above sea level account for 54.5% of the local area, shallow mountainous areas above 800- 1200m account for 4 1.6% of the local area, and mountainous areas above 1200m account for 3.9%. Including Qingyangyi, Xinpuwan, Tongqianba, Tuguanpu, Xiongjiaping, Bayi and 53 villages in 7 townships in the old city. Mainly produces corn, beans and other miscellaneous grains. There are scattered forests, mostly firewood forests and miscellaneous shrub forests, and there are few timber forests such as pine trees and fir trees. It is the main producing area of tung oil, persimmon and walnut in this county, and it is an ideal area for developing pears, peaches, cherries, plums and apricots. This area belongs to the north subtropical zone. Due to the diverse terrain, Qinling and Bashan confront each other. Under the same weather background, the temperature and warmth of mountains and rivers are very different from those of Pingchuan, which is called "one foot high, one foot difference". It belongs to a typical inland monsoon climate and belongs to a semi-humid area. The mainland k value ① is 5 1.8, and Ivanov wetting index ② is 1. 12. Blocked by the Qinling barrier, the southward invasion of cold air is limited and weakened, so that Pingba and hilly areas in our county can have the climatic advantages of the northern subtropical zone. The general climate features are: warm and humid, with four distinct seasons. There is less rain and snow in winter, more rain and snow in summer and autumn, with uneven distribution of rain and heat in the same season, large vertical difference, obvious stereoscopic climate effect, unstable temperature in spring, large temperature gradient in autumn, low light radiation value and short sunshine hours. The maturity of component crops changes significantly with altitude, and the planting of cash crops is restricted by the elevation. "Sean Temple-Baizishan Scenic Area" is located at the northwest 15km of Liuba County, the source of Qushui. The geographic coordinates of the center are east longitude 106 38' 08 "and north latitude 33 17' 39. The main peak of Bai Zi is 26 10/0m above sea level. 0/00km from Hanzhong/KLOC-. Bao Han Highway (National Highway 3 16) traverses the territory with a total area of 50 square kilometers. It takes Liu Hou Temple (Sean Temple) in Zhang Han, Bai Zi as the center, and extends to the periphery along the natural trend of Chaiguanling, Guanghuashan and other mountains. The main landscape is concentrated in an area of 30 square kilometers. Scenic spots are a combination of beautiful natural landscapes such as mountains, valleys, caves, temples, streams, springs, clouds, forests, precious flowers and Chinese herbal medicines, rare birds and animals, ancient relict plant, rare wild animals, ancient buildings, gardens, cliff carvings, ancient plank road relics, ancient cultural customs and other cultural landscapes and religious activities, and have high tourism value. The main points are as follows: 1. Liu Hou Temple Scenic Spot in Zhang Han is a relatively complete ancient scenic spot of mountain temples, which is listed as one of the "Four Ancient Gardens in Shaanxi" and is the main place for viewing, offering sacrifices, inspecting, researching, sightseeing and resting in the scenic spot (see Section 1 of Chapter 2 of this Chronicle for details). Sean Old Temple, built at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is located at the top of Bai Zi, with a history of 1800 years. 2. Chaiguanling Scenic Area is the eastern peak of Bai Zi. Chaiguanling is a dangerous pass of plank road in ancient Li Anyun. Chonggang on both sides, Zhongtong line, winding thousands of miles, up and down more than ten miles, thousands of trees, dense fog cover, steep terrain. At present, the boundary is centered on the monument of Chaiguanlingdian Road on Bao Han Highway, including Panshan Highway and Shimen on the northwest side. There are thousands of rocks and dense forests in the scenic spot. The misty and winding scenery of the ancient post road will make tourists like stepping on the old Xiongguan road and entering the misty sea of clouds and mountains, turning historical passages and ancient roads into thoroughfares. In spring and summer, the thick green shade is cool and refreshing, which is a good place for summer vacation; In autumn and winter, snow is falling, white and bright everywhere. 3. Guanghuashan Scenic Area is centered on Guanghuashan Mountain, including dam valley scenic area, cold water spring, mineral water scenic area, Zhakoushi (Tieluchuan) with Chencang ancient road, Baoning House, Yingpan and Bing Gu Yard built by Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms period, the remains of Jiangwei Tielong, and flowers and plants such as hops, herbs, rhododendrons and reeds all over the scenic area, forming a three-dimensional picture. Four, forest and hunting areas to Zhakou Shikuangou site and livestock farm as natural attractions. Hunting can be carried out on the edge of virgin forest belt with an area of about 10 square kilometer. There are beautiful peaks, cliff canyons, alpine meadows, caves, Yuan Tan, deep pools of streams, Shimen ancient roads, beaches, Gobi and other natural scenery in the scenic area, which has the characteristics of northwest scenery. Looking at the scenery of alpine forest and animal husbandry in spring and summer, although the sun is shining, there is a biting wind and rain, which makes people relaxed and happy. In addition, the Shimen scenic spot is extremely dangerous with strange stones sticking into the sky. V. Inscription on Wuyun Cave in the 13th year of Qing Jiaqing in Bai Zi Scenic Area (1808): Bai Zi was originally named "Xicheng Mountain". In the Qing Dynasty, Liu Ba Tang Lu recorded that the name of Baizishan began in the Zhou Dynasty. "Huayang National Records" said: Zibaiban, "Zhoutu" said that its mountain is a branch peak of Taibai Mountain, and its two ends are shaped like dragons, hence the name "Longshan". It stands on the top of the Thousand Peaks, divided into front and rear wings, with strange rocks and bamboo ginseng. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei designated Liang Quan County. The mountain stretches for more than 500 miles in the south and reaches the Dragon Gate in the west. It is the first famous mountain on the plank road, with 92 peaks, 72 caves and 82 temples. Since ancient times, people who live in truth have learned many lessons, and now there are hundreds. Although the cliff is inaccessible, it is full of anecdotes, remarkable achievements, strict discipline, dignitaries and literati, and it is pleasing to the eye and joyful to think. The scenic spot is centered on the Zhongfeng of Baizi Mountain and the ruins of the ancient temple. There are climbing stone steps, cliff carvings, caves, temples, purple cypress, purple cypress "sunrise" and other cultural and natural landscapes. Here, you can carry out a series of natural tourism and holiday activities, such as mountaineering, camping, watching the sun and hunting. The scenic area has lush vegetation, widely distributed forests and overlapping peaks, and the overall vegetation landscape is outstanding.

Jushui Road, a section of Guchencang Road, is an ancient road in the east of Lueyang County, named after the meandering water. Along the dangerous gorge, there are holes in the plank road, there are inscriptions on Sanxing Bridge of Zhangjiaba River, and there are road signs from Lianghekou to Dahuang Garden. Lu You, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once wrote this poem "Falling into a Waterway".

According to the records of Jiaqing Reconstruction and Unification in Qing Dynasty and Lueyang County Records in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the old town of Juxian County is located on the Heihe River (called Qushui in China) 44 kilometers east of the county seat. According to "Atlas of Chinese History", Juxian County in the Han, Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasties was in the east of Qushui. According to the topographic survey, it is located in the east of Heihe River, a tea shop in Mianxian County.