What are the climatic characteristics of Qinghai Province?

It belongs to the plateau continental climate and has the following characteristics:

(1) The solar radiation is strong and there is plenty of sunshine. The annual sunshine hours are more than 2,500 hours, which is a province with many sunshine hours and large total radiation.

(2) The average temperature is low. The annual average temperature in China is between-5.7℃ and 8.5℃, and the average temperature in the hottest month in all parts of the province is between 5.3℃ and 20℃. The average temperature in the coldest month is between minus 17℃ and 5℃.

(3) Less precipitation and great regional differences. The annual precipitation in most parts of China is below 400 mm.

(4) During the same period of rain and heat, Qinghai belongs to the monsoon climate zone. Most areas enter the rainy season after mid-May, and the rainy season ends around mid-September, during which the monthly average temperature is ≥5℃.

(5) There are many meteorological disasters with great harm. The main meteorological disasters are drought, hail, frost, snowstorm and strong wind.

Introduction:

1. Unique climate: Leng Xia is cool in winter, and the temperature difference between spring and autumn is large.

Climate characteristics: The climate of Qinghai Province is cold and dry, which is a typical continental plateau climate.

1, Leng Xia is cool in winter, and spring and autumn are connected. The annual average temperature in the whole province is between -4℃ and 8℃, which is 8℃ to 12℃ lower than that in the Loess Plateau and North China Plain at the same latitude. The monthly average temperature in 65438+ 10 is -8℃ to-18℃. Although winter is not too cold, it is still relatively cold compared with the eastern plain at the same latitude (the average temperature in North China Plain is 65438+1the average temperature in October and July is 6℃ ~ 20℃, which is relatively cool, so it is a good summer resort.

2. The daily temperature difference is large and the annual temperature difference is small.

Qinghai Province has less vegetation on the ground, bare rocks, and rapid heating and heat dissipation, so Qinghai Province has become one of the regions with the largest daily temperature change in China. The annual daily temperature difference is 12℃ ~ 16℃, which is more than twice as high as the eastern coastal plain. The annual daily temperature difference 10 is 14℃ ~ 22℃ in October and 10℃ ~ 16℃ in July, which is greater in winter than in summer. The maximum daily range can reach 25℃ ~ 34℃. On the day of Triangle City in Haiyan County1March, 95516th, the daily variation of temperature reached 36.6℃, which was really rare. Many places in Qinghai Province experience four seasons a day: early spring, afternoon and summer, late autumn and night and winter.

The annual temperature difference in Qinghai Province is 20℃ ~ 30℃, which is roughly equivalent to that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River Basin, and 4℃ ~ 6℃ lower than that in the plain area at the same latitude. The reason is that the ground temperature is low in summer and it is less affected by the cold wave in winter.

3. Drought and lack of rain

Qinghai province goes deep into the inland and is far away from the ocean, which is greatly influenced by the terrain. Most areas belong to non-monsoon areas, and the precipitation is less than that in the eastern part of the same latitude. The annual precipitation is 50 mm-450 mm, only 15mm in Lenghu Town, and the annual average precipitation in jiuzhi county is 774 mm, reaching 1030.8 mm/year.

The annual precipitation is concentrated in May-September, decreasing from southeast to northwest, and it rains many nights.

There are many thunderstorms and hail in summer. The eastern part of Qilian Mountain and the southern part of Yushu Prefecture have large topographic relief, with more precipitation. Thunderstorm days and hail days are the most, reaching 60 days and 80 days (Nangqian), 15 days and 25 days (Qingshuihe) respectively. Tens of thousands of hectares of farmland in this province are reduced or never harvested every year due to hail disasters. Snowstorms often occur in southern Qinghai in winter.

4. Strong winds and sandstorms

In Qinghai Province, except Xining and Huangshui Valley in the east, easterly winds prevail in most areas and westerly winds prevail in plateau areas. The annual average wind speed is higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast, and the maximum wind speed appears in Mangya Town and Alar area in the northwest corner of Qaidam Basin.

Qinghai Province is one of the regions with more gale (gale above magnitude 8) in China. The average number of windy days in the west of Qingnan Plateau is the most, reaching more than 100, and the east Qaidam and Hehuang Valley are the least, about 25 days. Every winter and spring, the wind is strong. After spring, the plateau temperature rises, but the air humidity is low, the precipitation is less, and the surface is dry. In addition, the vegetation in the territory and neighboring provinces is scarce and barren. Whenever there is windy weather, sand and stones fly and the sky is dark. The masses call it "Yellow Wind". Qinghai province is often attacked by strong winds and sandstorms, which has caused certain harm to agricultural and animal husbandry production.

Second, climate and agriculture and animal husbandry:

Climate is closely related to agricultural production, and agricultural production is largely restricted by climatic conditions. Therefore, in agricultural production, we should adjust measures to local conditions and make full use of climate resources such as light, heat and water.

1, sufficient solar radiation and long sunshine time are important favorable conditions for agriculture and animal husbandry production in Qinghai Province. Sufficient solar radiation and long sunshine time are beneficial to photosynthesis and organic matter accumulation of crops and pastures. Therefore, the spring wheat planted in Qinghai Province generally has full grains, high yield, large potato stalks, slow grass growth, but rich nutrition.

2. Low temperature is an unfavorable condition to limit the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Qinghai Province. The growing period of crops in Qinghai Province is generally short, and the longest period in Hehuang Valley and Qaidam Basin is only 5-7 months. Except for a few lowlands in Hehuang Valley where corn, tomatoes, peppers and other crops and vegetables can be planted, most other agricultural areas can only plant crops with low temperature tolerance and short growth period, such as spring wheat, highland barley, potatoes, broad beans, rape and other crops with low calories, and most of them are harvested once a year. Due to the low temperature, the cultivated land area in the province is small, accounting for only 1% of the total area of the province. The low temperature has reduced the available grassland area in Qinghai Province, and the available grassland is less than half of the total grassland area in Qinghai Province.

However, the low temperature and large diurnal range provide favorable conditions for agricultural and animal husbandry production. The diurnal temperature range is large, which is beneficial to the accumulation of organic matter in crops and relatively improves the effectiveness of temperature. Therefore, the photosynthetic capacity and light energy utilization rate of crops in Qinghai province are higher than those in the eastern plain, and the altitude of planting crops is also higher.

3. Drought and lack of rain is another unfavorable condition affecting the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Qinghai Province. The contradiction between water and heat in the province is extremely prominent. Qilian Mountain and southeastern Qinghai-South Plateau, which have more precipitation, are seriously short of heat, and the growing period is short, while Qaidam Basin, which is rich in heat, is very short of water conditions, and the annual precipitation is generally less than 1/5 of agricultural water demand. Spring drought makes crops unable to be sown in time, seedlings are stunted, forage grass is delayed to return to green, and the fatness of cattle and sheep is reduced; However, the summer drought led to a reduction in crop production. ?

4. Strong winds and sandstorms are also a negative factor for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Strong winds enhance the evaporation and transpiration of soil and plants, resulting in crops and pastures drying up due to water loss. Sandstorms will scrape away the seeds of topsoil and soil, cause quicksand, bury crops, break plants and affect the normal feeding of livestock.