Is the ancient Silk Road and Hexi Corridor the same place? Where is it now?

Hello, I'm a bar owner from Hexi Corridor. I'm glad you can pay attention to Hexi Corridor. Here is some information about Hexi Corridor.

The main road from China to Xinjiang. It starts from Wushaoling in the east, reaches the ancient Yumenguan Gate in the west, and is between Nanshan (Qilian Mountain and Altun Mountain) and Beishan (Mazong Mountain, Heli Mountain and Longshou Mountain) in the north and south. It is about 900 kilometers long and several kilometers wide to nearly 100 kilometers. It is a long and narrow flat land in the northwest-southeast direction, which looks like a corridor and is called Gansu Corridor. Because it is located to the west of the Yellow River, it is also called Hexi Corridor.

Hexi Corridor has been the throat of China from east to west for generations. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, it has become a part of the Silk Road. /kloc-gradually declined after 0/5th century. At present, it is also the main road connecting East China and Xinjiang, and it is an important frontier in the northwest region.

The geology, geomorphology and water system of Hexi Corridor belong to the marginal depression zone of Qilian Mountain geosyncline. During the Himalayan movement, Qilian Mountain rose greatly, and the corridor received a lot of alluvial and alluvial materials since Cenozoic. From south to north, the slope belt at the northern foot of Nanshan, alluvial belt, alluvial belt and the slope belt at the southern foot of Beishan appear in turn. The corridor is flat, with an altitude of about 1500m. The alluvial plain along the river forms large oases such as Wuwei, Zhangye and Jiuquan. Wind erosion and dry erosion dominate the rest of the vast areas, and Gobi and desert are widely distributed, especially in the Gobi area west of Jiayuguan, where the oasis area is even smaller. The corridor is divided into Shiyang River, Heihe River and Shule River, which are bounded by Heishan, Kuantai Mountain and Dahuangshan. They all originate from Qilian Mountain and are replenished by meltwater and rainwater, and generally freeze in winter. After the rivers come out of the mountains, most of them infiltrate into the Gobi desert to form undercurrents, or are irrigated by oases, and only the downstream of larger rivers is injected into the terminal lake. ① Shiyang River system. Located in the east of the corridor, the piedmont area of Qilian Mountain in the south is loess ridge and alluvial fan at the foot of the mountain, and sandy desert, denuded rocky mountain and residual hill in the north. Tengger desert in the east and Wuwei basin in the middle. ② Heihe River system. Some things are between Dahuangshan and Jiayuguan. Most of them are gravel deserts and sandy deserts, and there are many sand dunes in the northern margin. Only Zhangye, Linze, Gaotai and Jiuquan form a large area oasis, which is an important agricultural area in Hexi. Since ancient times, it has been called "Golden Zhangye, Silver Wuwei". ③ Shule River system. Located at the western end of the corridor. In the south, there are high mountains east of Altun Mountain and west of Qilian Mountain, as well as a series of exposed low rocky mountains (namely Sanwei Mountain, Duanshan Mountain, Mushroom Mountain, etc.). ) piedmont. There is a horsehair mountain in the north. The central corridor is an oasis in the middle reaches of Shule River and Dunhuang oasis in the lower reaches of Danghe River, and the lower reaches of Shule River are saline-alkali beaches. Outside the oasis is a wide Gobi with sand dunes in the middle.

Climate Cold wave weather often forms in Hexi Corridor in winter and spring. The main source of summer rainfall is the summer monsoon invading this area. The climate is dry, hot and cold change dramatically, windy and sandy. From east to west, the annual precipitation is decreasing and the dryness is increasing. For example, the annual precipitation in Wuwei 158.4 mm, Dunhuang 36.8mm；; The dryness of Jiuquan is 4 ~ 8 in the east and 8 ~ 24 in the west. Precipitation changes greatly every year. Precipitation in summer accounts for 50-60% of the annual total, spring15-25%, autumn10-25% and winter 3-16%. There are fewer clouds and more sunshine hours, 3000 hours in most areas and 3336 hours in Dunhuang in the west. The annual average temperature is 5.8 ~ 9.3℃, but the absolute maximum temperature can reach 42.8℃ and the absolute minimum temperature is -29.3℃, with a difference of more than 72.65438 0℃. The average temperature difference between day and night is about 65438 05℃, and there are four seasons in a day. The number of sandstorm days in Minqin is more than 50 days, while the number of gale days above magnitude 8 in Anxi is 80 days a year, which is called "wind warehouse". The wind in the corridor is changeable. Wuwei and Minqin areas are dominated by northwest wind; Yumen, Anxi, Dunhuang and other places west of Jiayuguan are dominated by northeast wind and east wind.

Brown desert soil is distributed in the west of the soil-vegetation corridor, with gray brown desert soil in the middle, gray desert soil, light brown calcium soil and gray calcium soil in the east of the corridor, and light brown calcium soil is distributed in the grassland desert area near the southern edge of the desert; Calcareous soil is distributed in loess hills, alluvial fan terraces and plain oases in front of Qilian Mountain. The western end of the gray-brown desert soil belt is dominated by gypsum gray-brown desert soil, while the eastern end is dominated by ordinary gray-brown desert soil and loose sandy primary gray-brown desert soil, and the northeast primary gray-brown desert soil and loose sandy soil like gray-brown desert soil occupy a significant position. Saline soil is widely distributed in low-lying areas, and its area gradually expands from east to west. The distribution area of meadow soil decreases from east to west.

Zonal vegetation is mainly composed of super-xerophytic shrubs, semi-shrub deserts and super-xerophytic semi-arbor deserts. The desert vegetation in the east has obvious grassland characteristics, forming a unique grassland desert type, such as salsola, Cynanchum komarovii and so on. In addition to common desert species such as red sand, beer flowers and plants, and salt claws with sharp leaves, there are different levels of grassland components, mainly including Stipa arenaria, Stipa breviflora, Stipa Gobi, Cryptospermum apetalum, Stipa tenuifolia, Allium mongolicum and Allium mongolicum. Gravel Gobi and dry denuded stony residual hills are widely distributed in the west, and the ecological environment is severe. There are typical desert vegetation in the gravel Gobi, such as red sand, ephedra, bubble thorn, wood overlord, bare fruit tree and other community types. Mobile dunes include Calligonum Calligonum, seed height, sand rice and sand mustard. Fixed dunes often have Tamarix ramosissima, Nitraria dentata, Nitraria tangutorum and so on. There are a few Populus euphratica forests and Elaeagnus angustifolia forests in the middle and lower reaches of Shule River and Beida River. In the lowlands of the lake basin, there are salt claws with thin leaves, salt claws with leaves and salt desert with salt grass in the hidden habitat of salinization phreatic water recharge. There are saline meadows composed of reed, Achnatherum splendens, licorice, camel thorn, wild silkworm, Sophora alopecuroides, iris and Euphorbia humifusa.

In order to prevent sandstorms and dry-hot winds, Populus davidiana, Populus cathayensis, Populus Xinjiang and Elaeagnus angustifolia were used to build windbreaks in oasis areas, and the effect was remarkable. The irrigated agricultural area in Hexi Corridor has a long history and is one of the important agricultural areas in Gansu Province. The flat oasis area mainly grows spring wheat, millet, millet, corn and a small amount of rice, sorghum and potatoes. Oil crops are mainly flax. Melons include watermelon, white melon, etc. Fruit trees are mainly jujube, pear and apple. The piedmont area is dominated by summer miscellaneous grains, mainly planting highland barley, rye, broad bean, pea, potato and rape. Hexi has developed animal husbandry, such as Shandan Maying Beach, which has been a famous military horse farm since ancient times.

The nationalities in Hexi Corridor are Han, Mongolian, Tibetan, Yugur, Kazak, Hui and Manchu. Mainly Han nationality, mainly engaged in agriculture in oasis areas. Tibetans, Yugurs, Kazakhs and Mongolians are engaged in animal husbandry.

The mineral resources in Hexi Corridor include Yumen petroleum, Shandan coal, Jinchang nickel and other metals.

Wuwei

Wuwei county was originally built by Huns, so it was built as Zangcheng, and later it was mistakenly called Gu Zang. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, except for the Northern Wei Dynasty, which was renamed as Lin Zhongjun, it was ruled by Guzang County. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei moved to Liangzhou to rule here, and from Jin to Tang, it belonged to Wuwei County of Liangzhou. Xixia was under the jurisdiction of Xiliang government, belonging to Liangzhou in Yongchang Road West in Yuan Dynasty and Liangzhou Wei in Shaanxi Province in Ming Dynasty. From the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Liangzhou Prefecture to govern Wuwei County. After the Revolution of 1911, the government was abolished and the county was saved. 1985 changed the market. Wuwei city is located in the center of Wuwei oasis, the largest in Hexi Corridor. It is the gateway to the east of Hexi Corridor and the "Silk Road" tunnel in the historical period. It has been built for more than two thousand years.

The altitude is about 1 530m, the annual average temperature is 7.7℃,1the monthly average temperature is -8.7℃, and the July average temperature is 2 1.9℃. Annual precipitation 158mm, which belongs to temperate continental arid climate. There are automobile and tractor repair, mining machinery, linen textile, cement products, carpets, leather and other enterprises in the suburbs. Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway and Gan Xin Highway pass through here, and Gansu-Tangshan-Wuhan Railway is connected with baotou-lanzhou railway.

There is Amin Confucian Temple in Wuwei City, which has a large collection of cultural relics. The Xixia Monument carved in A.D. 1094 is the most famous, and it is a national key cultural relic protection unit. In addition, there are Dayun Temple and Roshi Temple Tower built in the Tang Dynasty. The Leitai Han Tomb in the north of the city 1km is the place where 23 1 kinds of bronze galloping horses, gold, copper and jade were unearthed in the Eastern Han Dynasty. 2.5 kilometers northwest of the city, there are Haicang Temple, Xiliang Empress Terrace, and Qijia Cultural Site built on behalf of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, all of which belong to provincial cultural relics protection units. The Tiantai Mountain Grottoes (also known as the Big Buddha Temple or Tiantai Temple), about 40 kilometers south of the city, were excavated during the Meng Xun period of the Wangju Canal in Beiliang (40 1 ~ 432), and were newly built or rebuilt in the Northern Wei, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The cave group was dug on the red sandstone cliff. Now there are 26 caves on three floors, 8 of which have murals and statues. The scale can be compared with the Thousand Buddha Cave in Dunhuang and the Ten Thousand Buddha Gorge in Anxi. There is a stone statue of Buddha about 30 meters high, but the head, arms and hands have been damaged. The original Guangshan Temple on the mountain is also called Cave Temple. 1959 Due to the construction of Huangyanghe Reservoir, the cave site was submerged. Except for the giant Buddha, the remaining Buddha statues, Sino-Tibetan scriptures and silk paintings were moved to the Gansu Provincial Museum and the Central Ministry of Culture for preservation on 1957.

Zhangye

In the sixth year of Ding Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 165438+ BC 0 1), Zhangye County was established, and the county ruled the city. After the calendar, from the Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, due to the diversion and eastward movement of Heihe River, the county moved to Zhangye City on the east bank of Heihe River and was renamed Yongping. Liang Qian, Qianqin, Hou Liang and Beiliang were all built here. The Northern Wei Dynasty was ruled by Xiliangzhou. The Western Wei Dynasty changed its name to Ganzhou, which was named after the delicious Ganquan at the foot of Ganjun Mountain in the west of the city. Tang belongs to Zhangye County, Ganzhou. Yuan is the capital of Gansu. Ming belongs to Ganzhou Wei, the capital of Shaanxi Province. The Qing Dynasty ruled Zhangye County as the capital of Ganzhou. 19 13 The abandoned government remains in the county seat. Established on 1956.

The oasis where the city is located is richer than Wuwei, and it is known as "Golden Zhangye and Silver Wuwei". Altitude 1474m, annual average temperature 7℃, 10 monthly average temperature 1.2℃, annual precipitation in July 129mm. It belongs to temperate arid climate, with long winter and short summer (20 days), and shorter autumn than spring. Historically, it was the intersection of the "Dragon City (Xiongnu Wang Ting) Ancient Road" for north-south traffic and the "Silk Road" for east-west traffic. Since the Han Dynasty, it has been the hub of economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West, and the political, military and transportation center city of Hexi. Industries include electricity, coal, chemicals, machinery, fertilizers, textiles, etc. Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway runs through the city and has five stations.

In the main hall of the Great Buddha Temple in the city, there is a wooden tire clay sculpture "Sakyamuni □" lying Buddha built by Xixia (1089), which is 34.5 meters long and 7.5 meters wide. Xilai Temple, Tang Zhong of Bell and Drum Tower and Xicheng Post Station in the suburbs are all provincial-level cultural relics protection units. Ganjun Fort (now Ganjun Township), 25 kilometers west of the city, is the headquarters of the Red Fourth Front Army (West Road Army) 1937 after it entered Zhangye.

Jiuquan

Located in the middle reaches of Tuolai River and Hongshuiba River in the west section of Hexi Corridor, the joint alluvial fan oasis area is one of the ancient "Silk Road" tunnels and one of the main railway stations in Lanzhou and Xinjiang today. It covers an area of 3,386 square kilometers and has a population of 292,800. In the second year of founding ceremony (BC 12 1), Gill county of Jiuquan county was established in this city site. Suzhou was established in Sui Dynasty, and Jiuquan County in Suzhou was called in Tang Dynasty, which ruled Jiuquan County. 19 13 The abandoned state was changed to Jiuquan County. Jiuquan City was founded on 1958. 1964, the ghost town was restored to Jiuquan county. 1985 changed to Jiuquan city. The altitude of the urban area is1477m, the annual average temperature is 7.3℃, the monthly average temperature is -9.7℃ in July 1.8℃, the winter is long and the summer is short, and the annual precipitation is 85mm, which is a temperate arid climate. Industries include agricultural machinery, tractor and farm tools repair, motor, automobile repair, phosphate fertilizer, paper making and other factories. The "luminous cup" made by Jiuquan Jade in Nanshan Corridor is a precious historical handicraft. There are many places of interest in the suburbs. Jiuquan ancient city preserved the city wall and the bell and drum tower. East of Jiuquan City 1 km, now it is Hu Quan Park. Manjusri Mountain in the southwest of the city 15km is divided into front mountain and back mountain. The front mountain has manjusri temple and Wanfo Cave. Built in Zhenguan, Tang Dynasty, with grotto statues in the cave, it is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit.

Hexi Corridor is only the only place where the Silk Road passes.