Full text and notes of Liu Yong and Yu Lingling.

Song Liu Yong

original text

Cold and mournful, I was late for the pavilion and the shower stopped at the beginning. ② I'm not in the mood when I enter the door, ③ I feel nostalgic, ④ Lanzhou urges me to send it. I held my hand and looked at me with tearful eyes, but I was speechless and choked up. I thought about it, it was thousands of miles away, and I felt gloomy and gloomy. ⑧

Affectionate since ancient times, parting hurts the body, more comparable to the cold autumn festival! Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Fear is only the edge, facing the sad morning wind and the waning of the waning of the waning moon. After the new year, pet-name ruby should be a good time to exist in name only. Even though the customs are strange, who can you tell? ⑩

To annotate ...

This piece of music was originally written by Tang. According to legend, when Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to An Lushan and entered Shu, it rained for several days, and bells rang on the plank road. In memory of Yang Guifei, this song was adopted, which was later used as a lyric by Liu Yong. Also known as "Slow Clock in the Rain", the word 103 rhymes.

2 showers: showers.

(3) Drinking in Doumen Tent: Set up a tent outside Kyoto and hold a farewell party. No mood, listless.

Nostalgia: A work called Stand Still.

⑤ Lanzhou: According to Yi Shu Ji, Lu Ban once carved a magnolia tree into a boat, which was later used as the laudatory name of the boat.

⑥ Choke: I choked because of sadness. If I can't speak, I just choked.

⑦ Go: Go further and further after breaking up.

⑧ Dusk: It is cloudy in the evening. Heavy: profound. Chutian: Southern sky. In ancient times, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River belonged to the State of Chu, so it was called.

Pet-name ruby: one year or several years later.

Attending amorous feelings: love between men and women.

translate

Cicada in autumn is so sad and sad. Facing the pavilion, it was the evening when a sudden downpour had just stopped. Drinking wine in the farewell tent outside Bianjing Gate, everyone on board was in a hurry to start. They held hands and looked at each other with tears in their eyes until they were speechless, and a thousand words choked in their throats and said no.

Since ancient times, the most sad thing for sentimental people is to leave, not to mention this cold and desolate autumn, how can this sadness of leaving stand! Who knows where I will wake up tonight? I'm afraid there are only Liu 'an, the piercing morning breeze and the waning moon at dawn. We haven't seen each other for a long time. People who love each other are not together. ) I guess even if we meet good weather and good scenery, it will be the same as nothing. Even if we are full of affection, who will we tell?

Distinguish and appreciate

Liu Yong wrote many slow words and was good at narration. This word expresses the farewell scene in the pavilion when the author left Beijing for the south. The last movie is farewell, from the rain break at dusk to the farewell of the capital, to the destruction of the Lanzhou ship, holding hands in tears, and describing the farewell scene and the farewell modality of both sides in turn, just like a drama with a story. It shows a sad scene, which is different from the poems of Tang and Five Dynasties, and also shows the feelings of parting. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Liu Ci was not only sung, but even as far away as Xixia. "Where there is well water to drink, you can sing Liu Ci" (Xia Wu Yu). Liu Ci is popular in the streets and lanes, which has something to do with its clear style. The next story is about its imaginary future scene. Liu Xizai's Outline of Fine Arts Volume 4: "The words are a little infected. Liu Yiqing's Yulin Order said, "Since ancient times, feelings have hurt and left, and it is even worse to neglect the autumn festival. Where there is wine tonight, and Xiaofeng can't live beyond the moon. " The first two paragraphs show that parting is cold, and the second sentence "tonight" means the last two sentences. " Yang Liuan and Xiao Feng's "Canyue" concentrated on a series of images that are easy to touch and leave, creating a desolate and desolate realm of cherishing people. Under "A visit here", I will speak my mind, not too heavy and clumsy, from "Tonight"

Missing the years, from "thousands of miles of smoke" to "thousands of amorous feelings", from "nothing to choke on" to "who to confide in" and "time was far before I met her, but it was longer after we parted" were repeatedly expressed.

In Song Dynasty, there was always a distinction between elegance and vulgarity, and Liu Ci was always judged as a "vulgar song". The words "holding hands and staring at tears" in the first movie of this word are really shallow and vulgar, close to the music of Qin Lou Chu Guan. But the next film is a mixture of reality and scene, which is comparable to other famous "elegant words", so it can be called vulgar without hurting elegance, and elegant without avoiding vulgarity.

Appreciation of Liu Yong's Yulinling

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★ Comment on the solution

Cold cicada moans (1) The pavilion is late, and the shower begins to rest. (2) I was not in the mood to drink at the door, but I was nostalgic. Lanzhou urged me to hold hands.

Seeing tears, I was speechless and choked.

Missing thousands of miles of smoke and waves, the evening is heavy. Affectionate has hurt me to leave since ancient times, which is even more comparable to the cold autumn festival. today

Where does the night wine wake up? In Yang Liuan, there are light winds and waning moons. It's been four years. It should be a good time and a good scene. Customs are varied.

Talk to who?

Brief introduction of the author

Liu Yong, formerly known as Sanbian, was born in Chong 'an, Fujian. His career was bumpy all his life, and he didn't enter the scholar until his later years. He is in the north.

Among the famous poets in Song Dynasty, his official position is the lowest, but he occupies an important position in the history of Ci. He was the first poet who devoted himself to the creation of Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty.

He was also the first poet to write a large number of slow words. He can write new songs by himself, and his words are well-proportioned.

Yan, do not carve.

In the development of Song Ci, it has the merit of expanding territory. His words are easy to understand and full of charm, and are deeply loved by people.

To annotate ...

1 sadness: bleak and urgent.

Dumen: refers to Bianjing. Account drinking: set up an account to hold a banquet to see you off.

Choke: I have a choked throat and can't speak.

Year: Year after year.

Style: romantic feelings.

Comments and explanations

Lin Yuling is known as one of the top ten famous songs in Song and Jin Dynasties. This "Lin Yuling" is one of Liu Yong's top ten masterpieces. Liu Yongsheng died in an unknown year, and his name changed three times, ranking seventh, so he was called Liu Qi, a native of Chong 'an, Fujian. Because of the "gifted scholar, born in white" and "forbearance", his career was bumpy, which led to decadence and indulgence. In his later years, he was admitted to the Jinshi and became a small official like Yuan Wailang, known as Liu Tuntian. Liu Yong was the first person to create a large number of slow words in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is familiar with melody and old tune, and is good at absorbing folk language, which makes him understand and spread widely. "Anyone who has a well to drink can sing Liu Ci" (Ye Mengde Summer Tale, Volume 3). Third, the sadness of travel and travel. His works often integrate scenery, narration and lyricism, which makes Slow Ci develop into a mature literary style that is in harmony with Xiaoling's twin peaks. A collection of works, Music Collection.

The word "Lin Yuling" is set off by the cold autumn scenery, which vividly exaggerates the scene of parting, and then infers the unforgettable thoughts after parting. The description is layered, the scene blends, and it is euphemistic and implicit. It shows that Liu Ci is "thin and smooth, clear and homely" (Liu Xizai's Art Outline), but the overall mood is too lingering, low and sad, which has a negative impact.

The main line of the word is "parting from sorrow", and the directory is clear. The first three sentences are about time, place and scenery. The prelude of parting is opened with sad scenery: the "cold cicada" of autumn festival sets off the "sadness" of autumn scenery. People say goodbye, it's getting late, the rain suddenly stops, cicadas cry, and bid farewell to the pavilion and the bleak late autumn. The strong men are still sad. "Doumen" three sentences, write the mood when leaving. In the banquet account, I wanted to "miss" for a while, but how can I drink such a farewell wine without being "in the mood"? It is extremely contradictory to want to stay and drink without emotion. "Lanzhou", according to legend, Luban carved a magnolia tree as a boat (see Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio), and later named Lanzhou as a boat. The words "hand in hand" pushed farewell to a climax. Holding hands, facing the lover who said goodbye, tears swirled in his eyes, and he choked with grief. We can better understand "only a thousand tears". The above three plates are full of functions of circle, frustration and throughput. The phrase "read and do" is a link between the preceding and the following, and the pen tip is turned at will, just like the vast Yangtze River, thousands of miles away, the smoke of Wan Li, the boundless Chutian, and the road ahead is far and long. At this point, people miss their lovers as much as Chu.

The next part starts from the context of "emotional separation since ancient times". The most bitter thing in the world is that kind of love, and "parting" is the direct cause of "the most bitter". It was "even worse" at the time of "cold autumn festival" "Where will you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan, there is a dying moon in the breeze. " It is even more worrying when the wine is warm and the ears are hot. The poet drinks simply because of "unintentional", which is very intoxicating. Imagine that the poet followed the blue boat carrying his lover and chased it along the bank of the Bianhe River planted with willow trees until the sun set and the breeze began to rise. Willow is the most representative thing in ancient times, so the word "Yes" in Liu Langzhong is only for girls of seventeen or eighteen, holding red fangs and singing "Yang Liuan, the wind rises and the moon falls". The bachelor's word "refers to Su Dongpo's ci", and he must sing "River of No Return". "This passage shows that Liu Ci is graceful and lingering, and Su Ci is broad-minded. Who should I talk to? "After a series of sighs, I imagined that the pain of lovesickness after parting deepened. "Sadness, bitterness, sadness, sorrow, pain, hate and sorrow" runs through it, which makes people unable to bear to read it again. This word is written in layers, full of twists and turns, and there are many kinds of customs, which people don't hate. It's really hard to imagine, and it's even harder.

Lin Yuling showed Liu Yong's parting from his lover in Bian Jing, and his artistic technique was quite high. In short, there is a way to express his feelings and draw lines widely, such as "cold and sad", "sudden rain" and "a thousand miles of smoke, gloomy and miserable" This word is quite good at drawing lines, such as "holding hands and looking at each other with tears". Yang Liuan, the wind fades in the middle of the month. Express your feelings with something: capture the scene where the moon is setting and the sky is bright; Yang Liuan reminds people of the custom of breaking willows to bid farewell and is full of affection. Second, embellishment and rendering are just right. Liu Xizai's "Art Outline" says that the words are a little (embellished) and the colors are a little (rendered). Liu Xiuqing wrote in Yulin Order: "Since ancient times, it is even more worthy to leave Tomb-Sweeping Day in the cold! Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng, the waning moon ". The last two periods were snubbed, and the last two sentences meant "tonight". There must be no other words between points, and aphorisms will disappear. This meaning is to discuss ci with pictures, which shows that Liu ci has pictures, meticulous carving, bold splash of ink, both before and after, euphemistic and implicit. "

★ appreciate

Enjoy 1

This word is a masterpiece of expressing the feelings of parting, and it is also an outstanding representative of Liu Ci's graceful words in Song Dynasty. Between the lines, the author expressed his true feelings when he left Bianjing to say goodbye to his lover, which was touching. The first part of the word is a parting scene, and the next part is mainly a parting scene. The whole word is full of ups and downs, full of sounds and feelings, in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. "Moon Order" said: "The moon in Qiu Meng is chilling." It can be seen that the time is probably July of the lunar calendar. However, the poet did not describe the natural scenery purely objectively, but through the description of the scenery and the rendering of the atmosphere, he integrated his feelings into the scenery and concealed different meanings. Autumn, dusk, showers and cold, what the poet sees and hears, is bleak everywhere. In the middle, there is a sentence "Late in Changting". It also laid the groundwork for the last two sentences of "not in the mood" and "urging hair". "Doumen is due to wine", and Jiang Yan wrote the text: "Because of drinking, Jingu sees guests off." His lover hosted a banquet for him in the pavilion outside Doumen, but the poet was not interested in wine and food. Then he said, "I'm going to stay where I am and hurry on the Lanzhou boat." Here, "Lanzhou Cui Fa" wrote the urgency of parting with a straight pen. Although not as touching as they are, they are straight and can help deepen feelings. So the following sentence came out: "Holding hands and staring at each other with tears, I was speechless." There are only eleven words, the language is popular, the feelings are profound and the image is realistic. As it is now, it is really close to the enemy! The inner monologue of the word "Nian Qu" in the poet's throat. The word "Nianqu" here is particularly well used. Taking the word "Nianqu" as the leading case, it is connected with "Ningqu" and naturally turns, and it flows thousands of miles below. The word "year" is used together, showing more and more strong feelings. The so-called "thousands of miles" and "wide" are as long as a journey. Tells the story of lovers leaving.

The first part is a positive farewell, and the next part is a delay. Let's make a general discussion first, from individual to general. "affectionate farewell" is farewell, not initiated by oneself, but since ancient times. After that, the phrase "it is more worthy of being left out in the cold and clear autumn festival" means that when autumn is desolate, it is more than usual. The word "clear autumn festival" maps the first three sentences. The three empty words titled "Gengnakan" strengthen the emotional color, which is more obvious and profound than the first three sentences. "Tonight" comes from the last sentence, which is a warning for the whole article. These three sentences should be imagining the situation in the history of Liu Yongguang's ci. Imagine that a boat will dock soon, and the poet will wake up from a drunken dream, but only the trainee Xi Xiaofeng will blow the rustle. The beauty of the scenery and the sadness of parting are completely concentrated in this painting. This scene is like a small meticulous picture frame, which is beautiful. A Qing Liu Xizai said in "Introduction to Art": "Words are a bit colorful." Liu Xiuqing's Yulinling said:' Since ancient times, it's even worse to neglect the clear autumn. Where can I wake up tonight? And Xiaofeng's "Canyue" were left out in the cold in the last two issues, and the sentence "tonight" was infected with the meaning of the last two sentences. There can be no other words between points, and aphorisms become lifeless. "That is to say, these four sentences are inseparable, set off each other and set off each other. If you insert another sentence in the middle, it will destroy the integrity of the artistic conception and the unity of the image, and the latter sentence. However, day by day, year by year, even if there are good days and good scenery, it will not arouse interest in appreciation, but will only increase trouble. Even if there are thousands of customs in Qian Qian, who can I tell? The remote control should "read" the film; The word "Jingnian" is similar to "Tonight", which is closely linked in time and thought and is advancing step by step. " Customs are strange, who to talk to ",the whole word is summed up with questions, just like riding the reins, tending to live but not live; Another example is that many people have returned to the sea, and there are endless things.

The reason why this word is used in moxibustion is because it is quite distinctive in art and has achieved great success. As early as the Song Dynasty, it was recorded that this poem "Marry only one hundred and seventy-eight women, sing' Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng waning moon'" was graceful and graceful. The formation of this style depends on the creation of artistic conception. "It constitutes a poetic realm, and painting readers are strongly influenced by art. Although the whole poem is written directly, the narrative is clear and the scenery is well written. The theme is rendered with concrete and vivid pictures of natural scenery, which can touch people's sadness, and the difficult scenery naturally comes out. The last two sentences make the finishing point and add color to the whole poem, which is an eternal famous sentence of moxibustion population.

Appreciate II

Liu Yong is a dazzling star in the ci field of the Northern Song Dynasty. This point was proved by Ye Mengde in Xia Wu Yu in the Southern Song Dynasty. Among the numerous Liu Ci poems, Yulin Ling is one of the most widely circulated famous works. Later generations had a joke that "Xiao Feng's waning moon changed three or six times, dropping powder and rubbing messages". Liu Yong, formerly known as Sanbian. He wrote lyrics and composed music for them, showing the prodigal demeanor. At that time, he was recommended by Injong, and Injong only approved four words: "Write lyrics." After being hit, Liu Yong was helpless and jokingly called himself "Liu Sanbian" and lived a wandering life in Bianjing, Suzhou and Hangzhou. Because of depression and boredom,

Since ancient times, there have been endless poems and songs expressing the feelings of men and women's parting, but the unique slow word Yulinling written by Liu Yong has been enduring for a long time, which is really worth studying. The reason is closely related to the author's rough life experience, but I think the success of Yulin Ling lies in its unique expression: clear hierarchy, clear meaning, description of scenery and pouring out feelings. He is good at using the "spot dyeing" method, repeatedly smearing and rendering the effect. The following is a brief analysis of Lin Yuling:

This poem about parting is incisive and well prepared. The whole poem revolves around the idea of "parting from sorrow", which is particularly clear in level and concise in language. Write farewell words first, explain stupid stack, explain stupid radon, and explain words. br & gt

The first three paragraphs of the word indicate time, place and scenery, and the event is to say goodbye to the beloved. At night, the shower stopped, and cicadas let out a piercing cry and bid farewell to the pavilion. How can people bear the pain of parting! This cicada song helps to add sadness, expressing "sadness" at the beginning and setting the tone for this poem. This floor has opened up a bleak atmosphere. The sentence "Doumen" describes the mood of farewell, which is euphemistic and tortuous. When the feelings of the two were inseparable, the passenger ship kept urging. They are ambivalent, want to drink, have no mood, and can't stay. From this, they can see homesickness. Holding hands, sitting up and looking at each other is speechless, which is even more frustrating. This floor is full of nostalgia. The above two layers are full of cycles, setbacks and throughput, which is enough to make people sigh. After Thinking about Leaving, the atmosphere is full of examples, like a river flowing out of a canyon, and the words are straightforward. The vast sky is full of scenery, but also full of feelings, which sets off the infinite future of travelers, the endless sight of lovers and the infinite feelings. Starting from feelings, I sigh the sadness of parting from ancient times to the present, and point out the main idea of this word. What's more, the sentence "what's more, it will promote a higher level, what's more, I am snubbing the clear autumn season. How unbearable it is! This is a combination of Jiang Yan's farewell poem "Those who are ecstatic just leave" and Song Yu's sad autumn feelings, and extracts these two sentences. Melt the feelings of the ancients into their own words and give them new meaning. The sentence "tonight" further infers the desolation after leaving, but the scenery is beautiful and real, just like what others see on the boat after waking up from a drunken sleep. The beauty of this sentence lies in. Pick the eu) is also a departure. People who leave will think of the scene of leaving when they see the willow, and they will feel a surge of sadness when they see the scene of giving someone a willow yesterday. The word "Yang Liuan" clearly describes the immediate prospect, but implicitly describes the feelings of parting, which is implicit and aftertaste. It seems that they have experienced it several times and forgot that they were pregnant. The phrase "a visit here" will lead to long-term loneliness after parting. It's hard to sigh, and the feeling of parting is artistically pushed to a climax without saying anything. The third layer above is really "endless resentment and endless aftertaste" (Tang Guizhang's A Brief Introduction to Tang and Song Ci).

This poem is about parting, parting, and various thoughts after parting. It describes the scenery roughly, pours out feelings, has distinct levels and clear meaning, and rarely conceals the places for borrowing scenery. In particular, the description of the scene after parting is more real than the reality. Taking it as a scene makes people feel that it is not fictional, which shows the beauty of Liu Yong's artistic techniques. So some people call it "implicit and thoughtful, but affectionate." Ten thousand kinds of amorous feelings', the wish of mutual credit. What a vivid person. "(Li Panlong's" Caotang Poem Yu Jun ") All this tells the beauty of this word. But I think Liu Xizai's theory of "light dyeing" in "Introduction to Art" is more commendable. He thinks:

The words are a little dirty, and the three sentences of "missing" in Qi Qing's "Lin Yuling" point out that it is cold to leave; The sentence "tonight" is dyed from the last three sentences. There can be no other words between points, or aphorisms will become ashes.

In fact, Liu Xizai's comments focus on painting, which shows the skills of deepening description and repeated daubing in Liu Ci. They are subtle and bold. That is, the clever use of lyricism and scenery description in Liu Ci can be described as painting in Ci. Among them, lyricism is especially philosophical. The so-called "sentimental parting from ancient times is more worthy of being left out in the cold in the clear autumn", and parting in the clear autumn is quite worthy of affection. The feelings were extremely painful, and I was infected with "Where are you awake tonight?" "Yang Liuan and Xiaofeng Canyue" is even more sad, and the scene is integrated. This parting scene is obtained by adding three sentences of "thinking away", which is easy to take care of before and after. Liu Ci's stippling skill is indeed very successful, which is the most prominent in this poem. (Duan Bingwu)