What is a loveless couple?

Category: Culture/Art >> Literature >> Novel

Problem description:

What is a loveless couple?

Analysis:

As we all know, couplets generally require that the contents of the upper and lower couplets should be related and closely coordinated. But there is a kind of couplet, which only pays attention to the relative characters of the upper and lower couplets. As for the content, they are all different, absolutely irrelevant, which makes people feel curious and interesting. This is the so-called "heartless couple".

Song Gongzhiming's "Biography of Wu" contains that a gentleman surnamed Ye went out to join the group: "The cockscomb flower has not been released." Someone said, "Mr. Setaria." Words are relative, but their meanings are irrelevant. The first sentence is a subject-predicate sentence, which means that before the cockscomb blooms, the antithesis sentence becomes a partial structure sentence, and "green bristlegrass" becomes the attributive of "sir", which greatly mocks Mr. Ye.

In the early years of the Republic of China, a restaurant in Chongqing produced "Samsung Brandy" to attract the next couplet. The wonderful hands of the United altar have their own ideas and responded one after another, but the boss is always dissatisfied. At that time, Guo Moruo was still young. When he heard the news, he thought of a famous dish in Sichuan that could be associated with wine, that is, the second couplet "Huangmeitian in May". Every word from "May" to "Samsung", "Huangmeitian" to "Brandy" is neat, but the meaning is completely irrelevant.

According to legend, Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, once said to Jie Jin, a civil servant, "I have a pair of upper couplet, but I just can't think of the lower couplet." Jie Jin replied: "Easy." Judy said, "It's easier said than done. There must be a bottom line." Jie Jin said, "Am I right?" Judy froze for a long time and suddenly realized. "Difficult color" means that the face is difficult to color. "Color" and "quantity", "difficulty" and "easy" are a delicate and ruthless pair.

Zhang Zhidong, the minister of the late Qing Dynasty, gave a banquet in Taoranting, Beijing one day, during which he talked and laughed. A guest wrote the first couplet in a poem: "A tree is long and the road is long." Zhang Zhidong replied: "It's really irrelevant." Fruit is the name of the tree; "A little" and "Chihiro" are both quantifiers. "Gan" and "axe" are the names of objects ("Gan" is an ancient weapon). The upper and lower sentences are extremely neat, but the meaning of the sentence is irrelevant and unexpected. Later, Zhang Zhidong came out to the right: "Taoranting." According to common sense, the bottom line should also use the name of the land, but Li Wentian, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, takes the name as the right one: "Zhang Zhidong." Zhang and Tao are both surnames; "Zhi" is a function word of "Ran"; "Cave" and "Pavilion" are the names of things, and the words are paired, which means extremely "heartless", but the interest is also born from this. Everyone laughed at each other because of the exquisite alignment of the second couplet.

Lu 'er Mountain, which cooperated with Ji Xiaolan * * * to compile Siku Quanshu, visited relatives and friends in Xiushu, and went home to rest and drink horses through Sijing. He got a sentence "drink a horse and cross four wells", but he couldn't answer the next sentence. One day, I mentioned it to Ji Xiaolan. Ji Xiaolan said that Luer Mountain itself is a good match. Lu Ershan is puzzled. Ji Xiaolan smiled and made a couplet: "Reciting Lu Ershan." Two people laugh.

In the same year of Qing and Xian, the famous Chen Haipeng returned to the field and raised ducks in Xinhe. Once, a guest visited, and he served him a duck. So a busybody wrote the title: "I want to eat Xinhe duck;" Must be handed over to Chen Haipeng. " After Chen Haipeng's death, his grandson inherited his ancestral business, and some people continued to form an alliance: "I want to eat Xinhe duck; "Must be handed over to Chen two couplets are loveless.

Yu Dafu visited the West Lake in Hangzhou one year and dined in the tea pavilion. Facing the distant mountains and near the water, he got the first couplet "Three Zhu, Six Bridges, Eighteen Holes in Nine Rivers", but he didn't get the next sentence for a while, which coincided with the owner's account, and his food bill just became the second couplet "One tea, four dishes, two powders and five thousand articles".

Love-free couples are acquired by accident, but they are by no means successful. Sentences should also have a complete meaning. If they are unexpected, they can also be interesting and unforgettable.

The so-called unfeeling pair, also known as claw pair, is a word game that arose among literati in the late Qing Dynasty. Its characteristic is that the literal antithesis is as neat as possible, and the contents on both sides are as separate as possible. It also stipulates that improvisation belongs to rights and cannot delay time; For example, the first part: Samsung brandy. Part II: Huangmeitian in May. The words are relative, the upper part refers to the weather, and the lower part refers to the name of wine, which has nothing to do with it. It is a model without love. According to legend, it was created by Zhang Zhidong in Qing Dynasty. In this form of couplets, sentences and antitheses form their own chapters, and only through other explanations can they echo each other. One day, Zhang Zhidong was drinking in Taoranting, and he took a poem "Looking for an Axe from a Tree" written by people at that time, saying that it was "true", and another poem said that "Xiao He decided Liu with three strategies". The "tree", "fruit" and "Xiao" in the upper and lower couplets are all vegetation; "Already", "Ran" and "He" are all function words; "Half", "one" and "three" are all numbers; "Qiu", "Dian" and "Ce" are all escaped verbs; "Hugh", "Nothing" and "Ding" are all function words; "vertical", "phase" and "an" are all function words; "Axe", "dry" and "Liu" are all ancient weapons. In particular, Zhang Zhidong's antithesis is even more eclectic.

A loveless couple must have three main points.

One: word for word;

Two: Up and down must have a strong ambiguity effect, which makes people smile or amaze;

Third, borrow a lot of methods.

The first point is as mentioned above, but it is like:

Shanglian: Want to relieve worries, indulge in wine;

Bottom line: It is better to enjoy the scenery and complain about others than to write poems.

Although this couplet has always been regarded as an emotionless couplet, I think it is an artistic couplet, in which the concept of antithesis is all sixty-four hexagrams, cattle in prison, sheep in the flock, and cattle and sheep are opposite. These couplets are connected in tone and structure, and belong to flowing couplets. They are not ambiguous and have no second point, so they can't be regarded as couplets without feelings, but artistic couplets using antithesis. For example, in Du Fu and Wu Xia's I love my family as a gift to my fourth uncle, Mao asked the old man. The "Li" in "luggage" is not the "Li" of Tao Lizhi, but the poet uses the meaning of "Li" of Tao Lizhi to oppose the word "Mao", and "Xing" also uses the meaning of "Xing" to criticize. Another example is Du Fu's Qujiang, "Wine debts are common, and life is seventy years old." In ancient times, eight feet were found and two feet were found, so the number "seventy" was borrowed. These are the partial use of the means of taking advantage of the situation in the confrontation, and we can't regard this as a heartless couple.

There are also some more widely circulated' heartless couples' such as:

Shanglian: realgar wine;

Bottom line: Peony smoke.

This couplet comes from ancient times: Xionghuang Array (Peking Opera Order); Peony Pavilion (title) evolved; But I also think that it is inappropriate to include the unfeeling pair, because the ambiguity of his revision is not strong, and the relationship between the upper and lower is interlinked, and the revision effect is very good. The antithesis of alcohol and tobacco is much more neat than that of pavilion, but the effect of changing ambiguity is weak, which is closer to phrase pairs or embedded name pairs;

And the third point is a feature of a loveless pair, which every loveless pair should have. For example:

Part I: Samsung Brandy;

In a word: Huangmeitian in May;

Among them, the star is a hierarchical unit in couplets and belongs to quantifiers, while the moon is also an astronomical term.

Brandy is a translated name in antithetical sentences and should belong to onomatopoeia. For Huangmeitian, different meanings of terms such as color, flower and astronomical geography are adopted respectively, all of which belong to borrowing method.