Situation operation in Guizhou province

You are very lucky. Our school also did this homework. We just finished. I'll give you one!

Guizhou Province is located in the southwest of the motherland, with a land area of 17.6 1 10,000 square kilometers, 9 prefectures and cities, 88 counties (cities, districts and special zones) and a population of 38.69 million. Guizhou is a multi-ethnic province with 49 ethnic groups. The ethnic minorities living in the world are Miao, Buyi, Dong, Tujia, Shui, Gelao and Yi.

Ethnic minorities 17, accounting for 37.9% of the total population of the province. Guizhou has beautiful mountains and rivers, pleasant climate and rich resources. The average elevation of the whole province is about 1 100 meters, the annual average temperature is about 15 degrees, the annual rainfall is1100-/300mm, and the climate is mild and humid, with no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer. All kinds of biological, mineral, energy and tourism resources are extremely rich, especially the natural scenery is magical and beautiful, the landscape is diverse, the vegetation is rich and colorful, and the national culture and revolutionary relics are well known.

In the implementation of the western development, Guizhou has important resource advantages and strategic position. (1) is rich in energy, minerals, biology, tourism and other resources, and has a good development prospect. The province's exploitable hydropower reserves16.4 million kilowatts, coal reserves of 53 billion tons and prospective reserves of 2,465.438+0.9 billion tons. It has the advantages of power supply structure with mutual assistance of hydropower and thermal power, with a prospective installed capacity of more than 40 million kilowatts and a power transmission capacity of more than100000 kilowatts outside the province. Bauxite, phosphate rock, antimony, manganese, gold, barite and other minerals are abundant, and the location combination of energy and mineral resources is good, which has the basic conditions for building raw material bases such as aluminum industry, phosphorus chemical industry and ferroalloy. There are more than 3,800 species of medicinal plants and 0/000 species of wild animals in the province, which is one of the important sources of animal and plant species and one of the main producing areas of Chinese herbal medicines in China.

Ecological environment in Guizhou

According to the second national remote sensing survey of soil erosion, the area of soil erosion in the whole province is 73 180.438+0 square kilometers. In 2002, the comprehensive control of soil erosion in the whole province was 90 1.65 square kilometers, including 675.75 square kilometers in the Yangtze River basin and 225.90 square kilometers in the Pearl River basin. The forest (including shrubs) in the province covers an area of 5.43 million hectares, including 4.52 million hectares of woodland and 9 1 10,000 hectares of shrub land. The forest coverage rate is 30.83% and the woodland coverage rate is 25.66%. The total standing stock is 2 1 100 million cubic meters. The average urban green area in the province is 4.06 square meters, and the green coverage rate of the built-up area is 16.29%.

By the end of the year, there were 1 16 nature reserves in the province, covering an area of 879,600 hectares, accounting for about 5% of the province's land area. Among them, there are 6 national nature reserves (Fanjingshan, Maolan Karst Forest, Weining Caohai, Chishui Alsophila spinulosa, Xishui Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest and Leigong Mountain), 3 at the provincial level, 2 at the prefecture level 12 and 95 at the county level. Among the existing nature reserves, there are 106 forest ecosystems and wildlife types, 8 inland wetlands,/kloc-0 paleontological remains and/kloc-0 geological and geomorphological types. Through the construction of protected areas, the protection of biodiversity has been strengthened. There are 53 scenic spots in the province, covering an area of 883,400 hectares, accounting for about 5% of the total area of the province. There are 8 at the national level, 40 at the provincial level and 5 at the county level. There are 30 forest parks with an area of 107600 hectares. Among them, there are 9 at the national level, 8 at the provincial level/kloc-0, and 3 at the city and county levels.

By the end of the year, three national ecological demonstration zones (Chishui City, Libo County and Meitan County), three provincial ecological demonstration zones (Sanshu Town, Kaili City, Huang Dou Town, Wuchuan County and Zhelou Town, Ceheng County), two national ecological agriculture demonstration counties (Sinan County and Dejiang County) and 350 ecological agriculture demonstration villages have been built in the province. In the whole year, 247,000 sets of firewood and coal-saving stoves were promoted, with a cumulative promotion of 3,936,700 sets; There are 2 10000 new biogas digesters, with a total of 334,300.

Guizhou physical geography

Guizhou Province, referred to as "Guizhou" or "Guangxi" for short, is an inland mountainous province with beautiful mountains and rivers, pleasant climate, rich resources and many ethnic groups.

Guizhou is located in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,10336 ′ ~? Located between north latitude109 35' ~ 24 37' ~ 2913', it borders Hunan in the east, Guangxi in the south, Yunnan in the west and Sichuan and Chongqing in the north, with a length of about 595 kilometers from east to west and 509 kilometers from north to south. The total land area of the province is 176 167 square kilometers, accounting for 1.8% of the national total area.

Guizhou landform belongs to the western plateau mountainous area of China. The territory is high in the west and low in the east. It slopes from the middle to the north, east and south, with an average elevation of about 1 100 meters. There are many mountains in Guizhou Plateau, which is known as "eight mountains, one water and one field". The landform of the whole province can be divided into three basic types: plateau mountains, hills and basins, of which mountains and hills account for 92.5%. The territory is mountainous, with overlapping peaks, stretching vertically and horizontally, high mountains and deep valleys. There is Dalou Mountain in the north, which is inclined from west to northeast in the north. The elevation of Loushan Pass, the key pass of Sichuan and Guizhou, is1444m. South-central Miao Ling spans, with the main peak Leigong Mountain 2178m above sea level. There is Wuling Mountain in the northeast, winding from Hunan to Guizhou, and the main peak, Fan Jingshan, is 2572 meters high. The towering Wumeng Mountain in the west belongs to Jiucaiping, Zhu Shi Township, Hezhang County, with an altitude of 2900.6 meters, which is the highest point in Guizhou. Shuikou River in Diping Township, Liping County, Qiandongnan Prefecture, at the provincial boundary, is 147.8 meters above sea level, which is the lowest point in China. The karst landform in Guizhou is very typical. Karst (exposed) area 109084 square kilometers, accounting for 6 1.9% of the total land area of the province. Karst has a wide distribution range, complete morphological types and obvious regional differentiation, which constitutes a special karst ecosystem.

Guizhou has a warm and humid climate, which belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate zone. The temperature doesn't change much, it is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the climate is pleasant. In 2002, the average annual temperature in Guiyang, the provincial capital, was 65438 04.8℃, 0.3℃ higher than the previous year. From the perspective of the whole province, the average temperature in Leng Yue (65438+ 10) is usually 3℃ ~ 6℃, which is higher than other areas in the same latitude. The average temperature in the hottest month (July) is generally 22℃ ~ 25℃, which is a typical cool area in summer. There is more precipitation, obvious rainy season, more cloudy days and less sunshine. In 2002, Xingyi City had the most precipitation, which was1480 mm, among the nine cities. The least is Bijie City, which is 687.9mm ... The precipitation affected by monsoon is mostly concentrated in summer. The number of cloudy days in all parts of China generally exceeds 150 days, and the relative humidity is above 70% all the year round. Affected by atmospheric circulation and topography, Guizhou has a diverse climate. "One mountain is divided into four seasons, and ten miles are different." In addition, the climate is unstable, there are many kinds of disastrous weather, and drought, autumn wind, freezing and hail occur frequently, which is very harmful to agricultural production.

Guizhou's land area is *** 159 100 square kilometers, accounting for 90.4% of the province's land area. The soil zonality belongs to the red soil-yellow soil zone of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The central and eastern part is a humid evergreen broad-leaved forest belt, mainly yellow soil; The southwest is a dry evergreen broad-leaved forest belt, mainly red soil; The northwest is an evergreen broad-leaved forest belt with north subtropical components, mostly yellow brown soil. In addition, there are calcareous soil, purple soil, coarse bone soil, paddy soil, brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, peat soil, swamp soil, carboniferous soil, stony soil, mountain meadow soil, red clay and newly accumulated soil. For agricultural production, the amount of soil resources in Guizhou is obviously insufficient, and the soil that can be used for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry only accounts for 83.7% of the total area of the province. Guizhou is rich in vegetation, with obvious subtropical properties, diverse components and complex floristic components. There are 6255 species (varieties) of vascular plants belonging to 269 families 1655 genera (excluding bryophytes) in the province. The flora is dominated by tropical and subtropical geographical elements, such as pantropical distribution, tropical Asia distribution, old world tropical distribution and so on, and temperate geographical elements also exist to varying degrees. In addition, there are many unique ingredients in China. Due to its special geographical location, there are various vegetation types in Guizhou, including subtropical zonal evergreen broad-leaved forest in China, subtropical gully monsoon forest and mountainous monsoon forest. There are both cold temperate subalpine coniferous forests and warm coniferous forests in the same place; There are both large-scale secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests and precious deciduous forests with extremely limited distribution. The spatial distribution of vegetation shows obvious transition, which makes the geographical distribution of various vegetation types overlap and complicated, and the combination of various vegetation types becomes complicated and diverse.

Rivers in Guizhou are located in the ecotone between the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, and 69 counties belong to the Yangtze River Shelterbelt Reserve, which is an important ecological barrier between the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. The water system of the whole province is divided into three parts: the west and the middle to the north, the east and the south. Miaoling is the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, and belongs to the Yangtze River basin in the north, with a basin area of 1 15747 square kilometers, accounting for 65.7% of the province's land area. The main rivers are Wujiang River, Chishui River, Qingshui River, Hongzhou River, Mianyang River, Jinjiang River, Songtao River, Songkan River, Niulan River and Hengjiang River. South of Miaoling belongs to the Pearl River Basin, with a basin area of 60,420 square kilometers, accounting for 34.3% of the province's land area. The main rivers are Nanpanjiang, Beipanjiang, Hongshui River, Duliujiang River and Dagou River. Generally speaking, there are a large number of rivers in Guizhou, with 984 rivers with a length exceeding 10 km. In 2002, the river flow in the whole province reached11452 million cubic meters. The mountainous features of rivers in Guizhou are obvious. The upper reaches of most rivers have wide valleys, gentle water flow and small water volume. The middle reaches of the valley are staggered into bundles, and the water is fast; The downstream valley is deep and narrow, with a large amount of water and abundant hydraulic resources.

Due to the specific geographical location and complex topography, Guizhou's climate and ecological conditions are complex and diverse, with obvious three-dimensional agricultural characteristics and strong regional agricultural production, which is suitable for the overall comprehensive development of agriculture and the development of characteristic agriculture.

Guizhou natural resources

Guizhou is one of the provinces rich in natural resources in China, with outstanding resource advantages, especially unique energy, minerals, biology and tourism resources.

The land resources in the province are mainly mountainous and hilly, and there are few flat dams. The mountainous area is 108740 square kilometers, accounting for 6 1.7% of the total land area of the province, and the hilly area is 54 197 square kilometers, accounting for 30.8% of the total land area of the province. Pingba mountain area 1.3230 square kilometers, accounting for only 7.5% of the total land area of the province. This geographical feature makes there are not many land resources available for agricultural development, especially in recent years, due to the increase of population and non-agricultural land, the cultivated land area has been shrinking. By the end of 2002, the actual cultivated land area in the province was 654.38+0.7694 million hectares, a decrease of 62,900 hectares over the previous year, and the per capita cultivated land area was less than 0.05 hectares, far below the national average. The cultivated land in Guizhou is not only small in area, but also low in quality. The proportion of cultivated land with thick soil layer, high fertility and good water conservancy conditions is low.

Guizhou is rich in energy resources. Water, electricity and coal are all energy sources, and their advantages coexist. The reserve of hydropower resources is 6.5438+0.8745 million kilowatts, ranking sixth in the country, of which the exploitable amount is 6.5438+0.6833 million kilowatts, accounting for 4.4% of the country, especially in the river sections with concentrated water level difference, and the development conditions are superior. The installed capacity of power generation in the province is expanding year by year. By 2002, the power generation reached 54710.20 billion kwh, ranking 12 in all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China and 2 nd in the western region.

Guizhou is rich in mineral resources. There are many kinds of mineral resources in China, which are widely distributed, complete in variety, rich in reserves and good in metallogenic geological conditions. It is a famous province with large mineral resources. By the end of 2002, more than 0 kinds of minerals 1 10 have been discovered in the whole province, among which 76 kinds have been proved, and many kinds of reserves rank among the top in China, including mercury, barite, sandstone for fertilizer, sandstone for metallurgy, diabase for decoration, sandstone for brick and tile, etc. Phosphorus is the first, followed by bauxite and rare earth. In the third place are magnesium, manganese and gallium. In addition, coal, antimony, gold and pyrite also have certain advantages and occupy an important position in China. Coal is not only large in reserves, but also complete in types and excellent in quality. Known as "Jiangnan Coal Sea", the reserves at the end of 2002 were 49.227 billion tons. Bauxite is of good quality with a reserve of 424 million tons; The reserves of phosphate rock are 2.695 billion tons, accounting for more than 40% of the country; Barite is the best in China, and its reserves are one third of that of the whole country. Gold reserves rank 12 in China, and it is a new gold production base in China.

There are many kinds of creatures in Guizhou. There are more than 1000 species of wild animal resources in the province, among which Guizhou golden monkey, langur, South China tiger, clouded leopard, leopard, white zygomatic, Hei He, black-necked crane, Chinese merganser, golden eagle, white-tailed sea eagle, white-headed crane, python and other 14 species are listed as national first-class protected animals, accounting for similar animals in the country. There are 69 species of national second-class protected animals, mainly pangolin, black bear, otter, civet, forest musk deer, golden pheasant with red belly, white crowned pheasant, golden pheasant with red belly and so on. , accounting for 25.7% of the total number of similar animals in China. There are six kinds of plant resources: forest, grassland, crop varieties, medicinal plants, wild economic plants and rare plants. The forest coverage rate of the whole province reached 30.8%, the per capita forest area was 0. 14 hectare, and the total stock volume reached 210 million cubic meters. There are 70 species of rare plants listed in the national list of rare and endangered protected plants, and 4 species, such as Taxodium ascendens, Davidia involucrata, Taiwania flousiana and Alsophila spinulosa, are national first-class protected plants, accounting for 50% of the total number of similar plants in China. There are 27 species of second-class protected plants, accounting for18.9% of the total number of similar plants in China; There are 39 species of third-class protected plants, accounting for 19.2% of the total number of similar plants in China. There are more than 3,800 kinds of wild plant resources in the province, including more than 3,700 kinds of medicinal plant resources, accounting for 80% of the varieties of Chinese herbal medicines. It is one of the four major Chinese herbal medicine producing areas in China. There are six rare plants with good quality, which have certain influence at home and abroad, such as Phyllanthus urinaria, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Pteris Pteris, Cordyceps sinensis, Blumea balsamifera (natural borneol) and so on. In addition, Gastrodia elata, Dendrobium, Eucommia ulmoides, Magnolia Officinalis, Evodia rutaecarpa, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Codonopsis, Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, Radix Asparagi, Flos Lonicerae, Radix Platycodi, Galla Chinensis, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Wan Lei, Radix Adenophorae, Popsicle, Polygonatum, Ganoderma lucidum and Folium Artemisiae Argyi all have the reputation of authentic medicinal materials. Among the wild economic plant resources, there are about 600 kinds of industrial plants, mainly fiber, tanning materials, aromatic oil and grease plant resources; There are about 500 kinds of edible plants, mainly vitamins, protein, starch and oil plants. About 200 kinds of garden plants can be used for greening and beautifying the environment, which has ornamental value; There are more than 40 kinds of environmental protection plants with anti-pollution ability. Guizhou is rich in crops and plants, and has cultivated nearly 600 varieties of cash crops such as grain crops, oil crops and fiber plants. Grain crops are mainly rice, corn, wheat and potatoes, and cash crops are mainly flue-cured tobacco and rape. Economic trees mainly include tung tree, camellia oleifera, tallow, sumac, walnut and so on. Dafang Raw Lacquer and Liu Ma Tung Oil are famous specialties in Guizhou. There are more than 30 major livestock breeds and more than 2,500 excellent forage resources in the province, which have good conditions for the development of animal husbandry.

Guizhou is a charming "natural park". The natural scenery in the territory is magical and beautiful, the landforms are diverse, the cave landscape is colorful, the wild animals are splendid, and the cultural revolution remains are well known; Mountains, water, caves, forests and stones complement each other and are integrated. World-famous national scenic spots such as Huangguoshu Waterfall, Dragon Palace, Zhijin Cave and Maling River Canyon, and national nature reserves such as Tongren Fan Jing, Maolan Karst Forest, Chishui Alsophila spinulosa and Weining Caohai are like a string of bright gems, colorful and dazzling. The world-famous Red Army Long March culture, represented by Zunyi Site and Red Army Sidu Chishui Site, makes people stop to mourn and remember. The long and splendid history and culture of many nationalities, rich and mysterious ethnic customs, and pleasant climate without severe cold in winter and hot summer make Guizhou an ideal tourist summer resort.