Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Feng Jinglan's detailed data collection
Feng Jinglan's detailed data collection
Basic introduction Chinese name: Feng Jinglan alias: Feng Huaixi, Feng Huaixi nationality: China nationality: Han nationality birthplace: Henan, China Date of birth: 1898 Date of death:1976 September 29th Occupation: geologist, deposit scientist, geomorphologist Graduate school: colorado school of mines, Columbia University Main achievements: Representative works of closed mineralization and Danxia landform theory were put forward. , personal achievements, teaching and educating people, geological contributions, major works, and Feng Jinglan's life, the word Huaixi, Huaixi people. 1898 was born in a landlord family in tanghe county, Henan (his grandfather owns 1200 mu of land). His father Feng Taiyi was a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, his brother Feng Youlan was a famous philosopher, and his sister Feng was a famous modern female writer. This family has a family style of writing poems. Feng Jinglan also loves to write poems and inherits this tradition. His father helped Zhang Zhidong to do "Westernization" and wanted to save the country through industry. This had an impact on young Feng Jinglan. Unfortunately, Jinglan lost her father when she was a child, and later she was educated by her mother Wu Qingzhi. Jinglan entered the private school in her hometown when she was a child, and later studied in the county primary school. She was admitted to Kaifeng No.2 Middle School on 19 13, and was admitted to Peking University Preparatory School on 19 16. 19 18 Feng Jinglan went to the United States to study mine geology in colorado school of mines at public expense, 192 1 graduated; In the same year, he was admitted to the Graduate School of Columbia University, USA, where he studied mineral deposits, petrology and geology, and obtained a master's degree of 65438-0923. When he returned to China that year, he devoted his life to the geological education and mineral geological exploration of the motherland. From 1923 to 1927, Feng Jinglan served as a lecturer, professor and head of the department of mineral geology at Zhongzhou University. Besides teaching, he also studied the sand dunes near Kaifeng. This is the beginning of his indissoluble bond with the management and development of the Yellow River. 1927 also went to Heishanzhai Valley in Changping, Hebei Province to investigate the gold geology. This is one of the earliest modern mineral deposit geological work in China. 1927 ——1929 Feng Jinglan served as the technical director of Guangdong-Guangxi Geological Survey (Guangzhou). He has worked with Zhu Zhisheng and Le Sen-hoon successively. Investigate the geology along the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway (1927, the first modern geological survey conducted by China people in Guangdong and Guangxi), the geology and mineral resources in northern Guangdong (1927) and the comprehensive survey of geology and mineral resources in Guangzhou-Shaoguan section of the Guangdong-Han Railway (1929). They made a detailed investigation and study on the topography, strata, structure and minerals in northern Guangdong. It is also fully noted that tertiary red gravel strata are widely distributed in this area. This layer is the most complete in Danxia Mountain in Renhua County, so it is named "Danxia Layer". Danxia layer is 300 ~ 500m thick and flat. After weathering and denudation, cliffs and peaks are formed everywhere, forming a unique landscape, hence the name "Danxia landform" or "Danxia landform". This name has been used by Chinese and foreign scholars to this day. 1928 to 1929, the coalfield geological survey centered on Liuzhou has been carried out successively, and a large number of investigations and studies have been carried out on the strata and tectonic movements in coal mines, silver-lead mines, antimony mines, "Longshan system" in northern Guangxi and "Zhu Jin depression sandstone". On the basis of the actual materials of the above work, they made a comprehensive study on the strata, geological structures and minerals of Guangdong and Guangxi. At the 4th Pan-Pacific Science Conference held in Batavia, Java (now Jakarta) from 65438 to 0929, Feng Jinglan read an academic paper on Guangdong's geological and mineral resources. After returning to China, he also introduced the progress of foreign volcanology research. Group photo of teachers and students of Tsinghua University Geology Department Feng Jinglan (third from the right in the front row) Guangjiu Railway1929 ——1933 Feng Jinglan was a professor at Beiyang University, teaching mineralogy, petrology, mineral deposit science and general geology. During this period, we investigated the geology and minerals along Shenyang-Haihe Railway in Liaoning, the genesis of Long Xuan Iron Mine in Hebei and the geological conditions in northern Shaanxi. At this time, Feng Jinglan not only devoted himself to domestic geological survey, but also attached great importance to international geological trends, and tried to introduce important information into China to improve the level of domestic geological work. For example, in order to promote the development of mineral resources in China, he wrote the book Prospecting. 1933 After the first edition was published by the Commercial Press, the book was reprinted many times and widely distributed. The book is comprehensive and concise, and introduces the international advanced experience at that time. This book is also the predecessor of today's geological prospecting and exploration. In the same year, he also published the article Radioactivity and Geothermal Theory. The widespread spread and application of geothermal geology in China should have started in 1970s. Since Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway 1933, Feng Jinglan has been teaching in the Department of Geology of Tsinghua University. Soon, he is also the head of the Department of Geology, teaching mineral deposits, mineralogy, petrology and other courses. During the summer vacation from 1933 to 1937, Feng Jinglan and others investigated geology and minerals in Pingquan, Hebei, Datong, Shanxi, Zhaoyuan, Shandong and Taishan. He is one of the pioneers in geological research of Linglong Gold Mine in Zhaoyuan. The geological research of Linglong Gold Mine has flourished in recent ten years. 1938- 1946 during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Tsinghua University was forced to move south, and The National SouthWest Associated University was established in Kunming and Peking University, and Feng Jinglan was appointed as a professor in The National SouthWest Associated University. During the period of 1943- 1945, he concurrently served as Dean of Engineering College and Director of Mining Department of Yunnan University. During this period, Feng Jinglan mainly studied the copper mines in Sichuan, Xikang (Xikang was established at that time) and Yunnan. 1942, released by Chuankang Copper Mine. In the book, "the geographical distribution, metallogenic age, parent rock, surrounding rock, occurrence, structure and mineral composition of copper mines in southwest China are briefly analyzed, so as to infer their causes, estimate their reserves, study their output, the reasons for the rise and fall of the mining industry, and possible ways for their future development. "Because this book has both theoretical summary and practical significance. Therefore, it won the academic award of the Ministry of Education at that time. In addition, articles such as Xikang Copper Mine (194 1 year) and Land in Dali County, Yunnan Province (1946) were published. The latter not only discusses geomorphology theory, but also pays attention to practical application, including the development of hydraulic resources and water conservancy. It can be said that during this period, Feng Jinglan not only made contributions to geological education, but also played his own expertise in geological and geomorphological research. At the end of The National SouthWest Associated University 1946, teachers and students returned to Pingjin original school. Feng Jinglan still teaches in Tsinghua University. During the period of 1946- 1948, he published papers such as Supergene Enrichment of Copper Mines in Chuankang and Yunnan (in English), Geology and Minerals in Yunnan, Geology and Minerals in Yuxi, Yunnan, and Asymmetric Development of China River System (in English). 1949 People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, and Feng Jinglan actively participated in the construction of the motherland. He has taught in Tsinghua University and Beijing Institute of Geology and worked hard to cultivate talents. At the same time, he is also engaged in the investigation and research of geology, minerals and water resources. 1949165438+10. At the invitation of the Ministry of Fuel Industry, Feng Jinglan made an investigation in Poyang-Leshan coalfield in Jiangxi. 1March, 950, at the invitation of the Ministry of Water Resources, participated in the geological survey of the Yellow River dam site in western Henan. He pointed out that the Sanmenxia dam site has the best geological conditions. In July of the same year, at the request of the people of Henan Province, Zhang Bosheng and others inspected the geological and mineral resources in western Henan. 1951June, Feng Jinglan was appointed as a member of the steering committee of the geological work plan of China, and participated in the overall planning of the new China geological work. 1954 was hired as the head of the geological group of the Yellow River Planning Commission. 65438+ In February of the same year, Feng Jinglan compiled the geological part of Technical Investigation Report on Comprehensive Utilization Planning of the Yellow River. Feng Jinglan of Beijing Institute of Geology participated in 1956 National Scientific Development Plan. In the same year, he was elected as a national socialist construction activist and attended the national and Beijing advanced workers' congresses. 1957 Feng Jinglan was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences and a first-class professor. According to the needs of the country, Feng Jinglan began to recruit graduate students. He was the tutor of the first batch of graduate students after the founding of the People's Republic of China. He has supervised about 20 graduate students. These people are now professors, researchers and senior engineers. 1956 to 1958, Feng Jinglan participated in the work of the Heilongjiang comprehensive investigation team of Sino-Soviet cooperation, and was in charge of Ren Zhongfang. 1957 went to the Soviet Union to attend the Sino-Soviet conference on comprehensive inspection of Heilongjiang. Experts from the two countries are studying the development planning of the Heilongjiang River Basin. His speech at the meeting was valued by the participants. During the period of 1958, Feng Jinglan published a paper in the journal Quaternary Studies in China, expounding eight signs of neotectonic movement in Heilongjiang river system area. In 1950s, Feng Jinglan also investigated Tianbaoshan copper-lead mine in Jilin, Jiashan copper mine in Xingcheng County of Liaoning Province and Baiyinchang copper mine in Gansu Province. He analyzed and studied the geological characteristics and genesis of important nonferrous metal deposits in China. In the early 1960s, Feng Jinglan's academic activities mainly focused on the genetic theory of gold, copper and other metal deposits and the study of regional metallogenic regularity. The gold mines in Pinggu and Miyun in Beijing, Laiyuan and Xinglong in Hebei, Jidong in Zhejiang, western Henan, eastern Hubei, northwestern Jiangxi and Dandong in Liaoning were inspected successively. 1September, 963, Feng Jinglan put forward the concept of "closed mineralization". 1965, Principles of Mineral Deposits edited by Feng Jinglan and Yuan Jianqi was published. Feng Jinglan and his wife spent the spring of 1969+0 1 to 1972 in the May 7th Cadre School in Xiajiang, Jiangxi. After they returned to Beijing from the ultra-leftwing, Feng Jinglan immediately translated the articles in the newly published Essays on Foreign Magmatic Deposits, and he translated 9 articles in one breath. 1At 8: 00 am on September 29th, 976, Feng Jinglan died of a heart attack. Personal Achievement Teaching and Educating People Feng Jinglan has been engaged in geological education for 50 years and has trained several generations of geological talents. Among the students who wrote articles in the Collection of the 90th Anniversary of Professor Feng Jinglan's Birth, there are members of the department, professors, researchers and senior engineers, which is really "full of peaches and plums". The writer is only a small part of his students, and the vast majority of students silently remember their teachers in their hearts. This shows Feng Jinglan's outstanding achievements, as well as his sincere patriotism, noble personality, extensive knowledge and tireless teaching style. Feng Jinglan's educational thought and practice are as follows. Lead by example, teach first and then learn. Mr. Feng Jinglan trusts the Party, loves the motherland and people, is sincere and approachable to people, seeks truth from facts, sets out from reality, is strict with himself and lives frugally. "I feel warm in the east wind, and I am happy to see Tao Lifang; Under the good situation, aging is also strong. " This is a poem written by him over the age of ancient times, which expresses his hope for the future of the motherland and inspires students to forge ahead. Love geological work, and cultivate students' hard-working and fearless style through field work. Feng Jinglan attaches great importance to field teaching, so that students can learn geological work. His student Su Lianghe wrote: "In the wild, he always strode ahead, and the students had to keep up quickly. He speaks and walks fast and smoothly. Geological phenomena encountered on the way, explain in detail. Although the students feel tired, the harvest is rich. " Feng Jinglan said, if you can't walk the mountain road, don't do geology. He also often teaches students to adapt to various environments in the wild in thought and work. He attaches great importance to physical exercise and hopes that students will do the same. This is the guarantee for the smooth progress of field work. Prepare lessons carefully and compile teaching materials carefully. Although Feng Jinglan is an old professor, he prepares lessons carefully, pays great attention to the systematization of lectures, and often supplements new contents. Yuan Jianqi, a colleague, thinks that Feng Jinglan insists on seeking truth from facts about the teaching content of mineral deposit science and carefully compiles teaching materials. Yuan Jianqi wrote: "Feng Lao and I were promoted to editor-in-chief in the compilation of teaching materials. When he was in charge of reviewing the first half of the textbook, he considered and revised the manuscript word by word, even punctuation marks. This serious and responsible spirit has made me deeply educated. " Pay attention to the class. The lectures are mainly lectures, and Feng Jinglan's lectures are very popular. Liu Nailong vividly recalled: "Huaixi Teachers College vividly and popularly taught the basic concepts of geological science with his strong Henan accent and extremely loud and melodious spoken language, which made students have a preliminary understanding of geology and have a strong interest." And the teaching methods vary according to the situation. I once recalled: "Mr. Feng's lectures are very organized and the handouts are easy to remember. In the third grade, petrology is taught comprehensively and systematically, and the theory is confirmed by the identification of specimens and thin sections. The requirements of mineral deposit science in grade 4 have been improved. He teaches in English and sometimes asks questions. Ask for a book report. Teacher Feng laid a good foundation for the two courses of Rock and Deposit. " Pay attention to the cultivation of graduate students. After a rigorous entrance examination, he learned the required courses well and had a solid field teaching, which is deeply understood by every graduate student. Regarding the topic selection of graduate thesis, in order to give full play to the initiative of graduate students, Mr. Feng is free to choose. Teacher Feng requires that the research results should be improved on the basis of predecessors, which is the minimum requirement and high requirement. If we can meet this requirement, we can avoid low-level repeated research, which means that the research is groundbreaking. Teacher Feng also asked young teachers the same question. Concerned about the growth of graduate students. Feng Jinglan attaches great importance to the progress of students after graduation. Only when shine on you is superior to Blue can the academic level be continuously improved. The poems quoted above are those of Mr. Feng and his students. It reflects Mr. Feng's long-term concern and expectation for students. Zeng Fanzuo was an early student in Feng Jinglan. He wrote, "Teacher Feng has always been concerned about my growth. After liberation, I was introduced by teacher Feng to teach in the Geology Department of Northeast Institute of Technology. " There are other similar examples. More importantly, Mr. Feng wants students to surpass Mr. Wang. Only through the efforts of students after graduation and the care and training of relevant parties can we meet Mr. Feng's expectations. Feng Jinglan, the founder of modern mineral deposit science in China, had a special liking for Daye ore in Hubei Province when he was young, and he became more and more interested in nature. Therefore, when he was studying abroad, he studied geology and mineral deposits. After returning to China in the 1920s, he devoted his life to teaching and scientific research of geology and minerals, and wrote a lot of books on mineral deposits. All these indicate that he is one of the founders of modern mineral deposit science in China. Feng Jinglan's achievements in geological education are mentioned above. In this post, he devoted himself to the study of mineral deposits, made full use of some metallogenic theoretical projects discovered and discussed in field geological work, and published many books such as Principles of Mineral Deposits, which was the product of combining teaching work. Feng Jinglan's geological and mineral investigation and research achievements in Guangdong, Guangxi, Liaoning, Shenhai Railway, northern Shaanxi and some counties in Yunnan are basic geological and mineral data and pioneering work. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), regional geological survey and mineral survey were carried out on a large scale in China. In 1950s, some geologists took Feng Jinglan's works as a model for field investigation, which proved that the description was accurate and the conclusion was fair, which was a good example. Feng Jinglan also pays attention to the popularization of science. As early as 1930s, the industrial series Prospecting was published, aiming at popularizing the knowledge, principles and methods of modern mineral exploration. The article "Mineral Resources in China" published in 1950s shows that Feng Jinglan hopes that most people will understand and care about the mineral resources in China. As early as 1926, Feng Jinglan wrote the article "The relationship between the formation and distribution of sand piles near Kaifeng and wind force and direction" to explore the causes of sediment on the banks of the Yellow River. In the early 1950s, Feng Jinglan participated in the Yellow River dam site survey in western Henan and other places for many times, and wrote a report. Among them, Geological Survey Report on Dam Site of the Yellow River in Western Henan and Characteristics and Problems of the Yellow River are representative works of the engineering geological foundation of the Yellow River. For the radical cure of the Yellow River, Feng Jinglan proposed that "it is necessary to understand the basic characteristics of the Yellow River scientifically and comprehensively, and turn the Yellow River, which has brought troubles to the people in history, into a Yellow River that benefits the people. In 1950s, Feng Jinglan repeatedly pointed out the problem of sediment concentration in the Yellow River, arguing that such high sediment concentration not only silted up the downstream riverbed, thus flooding migrants and affecting flood control navigation, but also silted up reservoirs and channels, which seriously threatened the life of reservoirs, hydropower generation and farmland irrigation. It is also pointed out that the Yellow River, on its vast alluvial plain, not only failed to collect water from the North China Plain, but became a watershed between the Hebei River system and the Huaihe River system. This "river watershed" is unique in the world. When people are immersed in the long cultural history of the Yellow River, it is undoubtedly more meaningful to seriously study these fundamental problems in harnessing the Yellow River Belt. Study on Comprehensive Development of Heilongjiang River Basin1956 ——1958, Feng Jinglan participated in the comprehensive investigation of Heilongjiang in Sino-Soviet cooperation. Feng Jinglan made a serious investigation on the mineral resources, bedrock and topography of dam site, causes and treatment of swamp distribution, neotectonic movement and riverbed cover thickness, forest logging, soil and water conservation and reservoir siltation in Heilongjiang River Basin, and put forward his own views. He paid special attention to the swamp problem in Heilongjiang basin. Whether it is the main tributary of Ergon or Heilongjiang, there are serious wetland phenomena. Ice age, swamp, mud, etc. between the freezing in late spring and early summer and the late autumn. All of them were formed, and the traffic was cut off, which brought difficulties to farmland reclamation and geological survey. In addition to the cold weather, the widespread distribution of wetlands is also one of the main reasons for the slow development of this area. Feng Jinglan believes that in order to develop wetlands, it is necessary to study the occurrence of wetlands and understand the causes of wetlands, so as to plan the methods of wetland management; People think that modern wetlands are formed by topography, climate and geology. Feng Jinglan has written more than 100 monographs on deposit geology in his life, including about 20 works in English, including regional geology and mineral resources 19, deposit geology 35, hydrogeology and engineering geology 15, geology along railway 5, geopolitics and neotectonics 5, teaching materials 5, and other papers published and translated by international conferences. Among them, deposit geology accounts for the largest proportion. In 1932, he wrote the article "The Genesis of Oolitic Structure and Kidney Structure of Hematite in Long Xuan". On the basis of detailed field observation data, he analyzed and studied the genetic relationship of minerals, chemical composition and structural conditions of minerals, and put forward his views on the sedimentary environment and process of iron ore. In terms of comprehensive and meticulous research, this paper is still worth learning from deposit geologists. Feng Jinglan has attached great importance to the geological research of gold deposits for a long time, and has written The Watershed Gold Mine in Heishanzhai, Changping County, Beiping (1929) and A Brief Introduction to Zhaoyuan Gold Mine in Shandong Province (1936). Through the study of geological and geomorphological features, he proposed to pay attention to the study of placer gold flowing out of Tangshan volcanic rocks in Qixia County, Shandong Province (1937). This is novel. In the early 1940s, Feng Jinglan made an in-depth study of copper mines in southwest provinces, especially Yunnan. Later, he also studied the supergene enrichment of the above copper deposits. This is based on the problems found in the research and reflects his initiative. For example, Yunnan tin mine is very famous. However, as a long-term production object of oxide ore (that is, supergene enriched ore), almost no articles have been published in this field. In the early 1950s, Feng Jinglan and Zhang Bosheng were invited to carry out geological and mineral surveys in western Henan. This is an example of combining theory with practice. Through field work and research, they affirmed the economic value of Pingdingshan coal mine and Gongxian bauxite mine in Henan Province. On this basis, through geological exploration, it is confirmed that the above mines are large or extra-large mines. Here, Feng Jinglan's contribution should not be underestimated. In 1960s, due to the accumulation of long-term experience and deepening of understanding, Feng Jinglan put forward many novel views on the geological theory of mineral deposits in a series of occasions or articles. The article "Preliminary Discussion on Some Important Issues of Metallogenic Control and Metallogenic Law" reflects his views on some issues. Among them, he emphasized the occurrence law of the deposit. He believes that there may be only a few single deposits and simple deposit types, while the deposits in most mining areas are often complicated. It is considered that mastering this law is more beneficial to prospecting, comprehensive evaluation and comprehensive utilization. His understanding was praised by his peers. The theory of closed mineralization is put forward. 1963 Feng Jinglan put forward the concept of "closed mineralization". He wrote: "Closed mineralization refers to the decisive geological conditions for the accumulation of minerals and useful elements." "The concept of closed mineralization is inspired by the concept of' oil capture' in petroleum geology. Metal and nonmetal deposits are solid, but when the deposits are formed, the mineral system is transported, precipitated and enriched in the state of gas and liquid, and they are fluids. During the period of 1959, Feng Jinglan saw a section with Chuanlinggou shale and Great Wall quartzite on it and concealed granite below. Gold-bearing quartz veins are formed along the tensile joints and fractures of quartzite and enriched under shale. In one place, 1 person 1 day mined 100 kg of ore and extracted 4826 yuan of gold. So this mine was named 48 Liang 6. This is obviously a closed metallogenic relationship. Feng Jinglan further elaborated the significance of closed mineralization in his article "Preliminary Discussion on Some Important Issues of Metallogenic Control and Metallogenic Law". He wrote: Only the control function of the fault structure before and during mineralization is emphasized, but the control function of the structural trap that closes the fault channel and the cooling solidification or (and) reaction solidification of the ore-bearing gas-liquid fluid are ignored or seldom paid attention to, so the importance of self-sealing will show that the ore-bearing gas-liquid fluid cannot be fixed to form the required ore body or ore-rich body. As early as 1960s, the topic of closed mineralization and deposit location put forward by Feng Jinglan became a hot topic in international academic circles in 1970s and 1980s. Mainly on 1 Feng Jinglan, Zhu Yusheng. Nanxiong Geology and Mineral Resources in Shixing, Renhua, Qujiang, Guangdong Province. Geological Annual Report of Guangdong Geological Survey, 1928 (1). 2 Feng Jinglan, Zhang Huiruo. Geology along yuehua railway. Geological Annual Report of Guangdong Geological Survey, 1928 (65438). Le Senxun. Geology of Simen coalfield in Luocheng, Heshan, Qianjiang, Guangxi. Geological Annual Report of Guangdong and Guangxi Geological Survey,1929,2 (I). 4 Feng Jinglan. Heishanzhai watershed gold mine, Changping County, Beiping City. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, 1929, 1 (3). 5 Feng Jinglan. Overview of geology and mineral resources in guangdong and guangxi. Beiyang monthly 1 (2).6 Feng Jinglan. Genesis of oolitic and renal structures of hematite in Long Xuan. The first issue of Beiyang University Mining and Metallurgy Annual, 1932. 7 Feng Jinglan. Genesis of loong Xuan Iron Mine. Special issue of mining and metallurgy department of Beiyang University, 1933. 8 Feng Jinglan. Prospecting (industry series). 1933,40 (7-8). 10 Feng Jinglan. Overview of Zhaoyuan Gold Mine in Shandong Province. Geological Review, 1936, 1 (4). 1 1 Feng Jinglan. Some views on the division of red beds in southeastern China. Geological review. 4 (March, April). 12 Feng Jinglan. Overview of Chuankangdian Copper Mine (Award-winning works of the Ministry of Education). Higher Education Quarterly,1942,3 (3).13 Feng Jinglan. Report on geology and mineral resources in lunan county. Geoscience Collection,1943,65443. 3. 15 Feng Jinglan. Geography of Dali County, Yunnan Province. Geoscience Collection,1946,4 (1-2). 16 Feng Jinglan. Geology and mineral resources in Yuxi, Yunnan. Geoscience Collection,1947,517 Feng Jinglan. 195 1. 18 Feng Jinglan. Geological survey report on the dam site of the Yellow River in western Henan. People's water conservancy, 195 1 (4). 19 Feng Jinglan. Characteristics and problems of the yellow river. Science Bulletin, 1954 (9 Feng Jinglan, 1955.2 1. Discussion on several important problems of metallogenic control and law. Selected papers on mineral deposits (classification and mineralization of mineral deposits). Science Press, 1963: 36—57.22 Feng Jinglan, Yuan Jianqi. Principles of mineral deposits. Beijing: China Industry Press, 65438.
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