Significance of studying extreme climate

I study climate myself, and I can answer you.

First of all, understand the meaning of "extreme climate":

When the weather and climate in a certain place is abnormal, or the weather and climate in a certain place seriously deviates from its average state, it means "extreme climate". According to the World Meteorological Organization, if the time, day, month and year value of a certain (some) climatic element reaches more than 25 years, or the "difference" with the corresponding 30-year average exceeds twice the mean square error,

Drought, flood, high-temperature heat wave and low-temperature chilling injury can all be regarded as extreme climate.

First, agriculture.

With the increase of temperature, the instability of agricultural production will increase, and the harm of local drought and high temperature will increase. Because the development period of crops is advanced after climate warming, the harm of spring frost will increase.

Second, water resources.

Since 1950s, the measured runoff of six major rivers in China has shown a downward trend. Climate warming will also lead to extreme weather events such as sea level rise, storm surge, flood and heavy precipitation, and extreme weather events such as drought, which will seriously threaten coastal areas. It is predicted that the sea level will continue to rise, coastal erosion will intensify, salt water intrusion will intensify, delta growth will slow down or even decline, and coastal inundation will expand.

Third, forestry. In the future, the arid area may expand, the humid area may decrease, the plant phenology will change obviously, the temperate deserts in plateau and mountainous areas will increase, the snow line in mountainous areas will rise, the plateau lakes will shrink, biological disasters will occur frequently, biodiversity will drop sharply, soil erosion and land erosion will intensify, and mudslides will increase.

To sum up, the study of extreme weather can help people predict and prevent various extreme weather events more accurately and quantitatively, ensure the safety of people's lives and property, minimize losses, and take qualitative measures to reduce the probability of extreme weather in the future.