History of Qiantang River Tide

Fan Zhongyan wrote a poem by Qian Jiangchao

Watching the autumn tide in Qiantang became a common custom as early as the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, and it was even more popular in the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to legend, August 18th of the lunar calendar is the birthday of Chaoshen, so the tidal peak is the highest. The court of the Southern Song Dynasty once stipulated that the navy masters should be reviewed on the Qiantang River on this day, and then they became accustomed to each other, and August 18 gradually became the tide-watching festival. Pan Lang, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in "Jiuquanzi":

Looking back at the tide for a long time, the people of Manchuria vie for the river. I suspect that the sea is empty and the drums are beating on all sides. Xiang Tao, the frolic in the waves, stood erect, keeping the red flag wet. Don't look at the dream for a few times, it's still chilling.

This poem is a true portrayal of the activities of "frolicking in the tide" and "watching the tide" in those years.

The Qiantang River tidal bore is one of the three largest tidal bore in the world, which is caused by the centrifugal effect of celestial gravity and the earth's rotation, and the special topography of the bell mouth of Hangzhou Bay. "Qiantang looks at the waves and waves, and suddenly it is outrageous; It seems that in the ordinary river, the energy can be amazing. " At the beginning of the tidal wave, a white line flashed on the river, accompanied by a rumbling sound. The tidal wave came from far and near, flying at a high speed, and the tidal wave pushed and sang like thunder. In an instant, the tidal wave raised a water wall three or four meters high and stood upright on the river, spraying beads and splashing jade, which was like Ma Benteng. Tide watching began in Han and Wei Dynasties and flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties. After more than 2, years, it has become a local custom.

Qiantang River Tide: qiantang bore-the most spectacular tide. In the history of China, there are three famous tidal bore sites: Qingzhou tidal bore, Guanglingtao and qiantang bore. In the world, qiantang bore is one of the three tidal bore in the world, namely Ganges Tide, Amazon Tide and qiantang bore.

Qing Fei Huan (1664- year) wrote in Argument on Guangling Tao: "In the Spring and Autumn Period, the tide flourished in Shandong, and in Guangling in the Han and Six Dynasties. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the tide flourished in Zhejiang, and the atmosphere was from north to south, and there were those who knew it. "

qiantang bore appeared later than Guanglingtao, and it was formed in the Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest. Wang Chong's Lun Heng Shu Xu pian mentioned that "Zhejiang, Shanyin River and Shangyu River all have Tao". He also said that at that time, Qiantang Zhejiang "all set up temples of Zixu, trying to comfort their hatred and stop their violent waves". However, Wang Chong only said that "there are Taos in Qujiang, Guangling, and the literati endowed it", but did not say that the Qiantang River tide was endowed. It can be seen that in the Eastern Han Dynasty, qiantang bore was far less famous than Guanglingtao. It is estimated that the custom of watching tide in Qiantang was not formed at that time. Second, the history of the Qiantang River

The Qiantang River is the dividing line of wuyue, and Hangzhou is located on the north and south banks of the Qiantang River, which can be called "wuyue's parallel".

Relevant evidence shows that Xiaoshan in Hangzhou, located on the south bank of Qiantang River, is one of the cradles of Wuyue culture. Wuyue culture is the foundation and matrix of Qiantang River culture.

The characteristics of Wuyue culture, which are "all rivers are mixed, inclusive, smart, smart and wise, practical, pragmatic and truth-seeking, dare to be the first and surpass oneself", have laid a deep imprint on the development of Qiantang River culture. Qiantang River culture inherited the temperament of Wuyue culture.

Liangzhu culture, Southern Song Dynasty culture, West Lake culture and other regional cultures are also distributed in the vast area of Qiantang River Basin. They are various, with obvious regional colors of mountains and rivers and rich cultural characteristics.

As the representative of jade culture, Liangzhu culture has a long history, and its "peace and totem" features add a heavy and simple tone to it. The characteristics of "secularization and marketability" in the culture of the Southern Song Dynasty, combined with the crossing of rivers, have the charm of Qibao Teahouse and Jianqiao Old Street; The "exquisite and harmonious" characteristics of the West Lake culture have also been integrated into the Qiantang River culture, giving birth to such a masterpiece as Fuchun Shan Jutu; The gurgling sound of the canal and the folk songs of the people.

All these are beneficial supplements and references to Qiantang River culture. Qiantang River culture has inherited the characteristics of Liangzhu culture and South Song Wenhua, and it has its own innovation and development in the fusion with West Lake culture and Canal culture, and at the same time it has the characteristics of "atmosphere and openness".

the Qiantang river basin is a gathering of celebrities with profound cultural accumulation. Scientists Wang Chong, writers Wang Guowei, historical figures Sun Quan, Chen Shuozhen, contemporary painter Ye Qianyu, writer Yu Dafu, revolutionary writer Xia Yan and so on emerged in Qiantang River Basin.

The painter Huang Gongwang's Fuchun Shan Jutu shows the charm of Qiantang River landscape. Countless celebrities in the past dynasties traveled the landscape of Qiantang River, leaving a well-known poem.

The word "frolicker" was originally a nickname for those who "teased" when the Qiantang River was at high tide in the Song Dynasty. A frolic refers to a sailor who plays with the tide day and night or a young man who plays in the tide.

Qian Jiangchao is famous all over the world, and the spirit of "frolicker" has gradually evolved from the spirit of "frolicker". It is this spirit that constitutes the essence and soul of Qiantang River culture.

Extended information: Qiantang River is the largest river in China and Zhejiang Province. It originates from Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province and flows through Anhui and Zhejiang provinces. It was called "Zhejiang" in ancient times, also known as "Zhejiang" or "Zhijiang". It was first named in Shan Hai Jing, and its basin is one of the main cradles of Yue and Wu Yue cultures. The total length of the river is 688 kilometers, and the basin area is 55,6 square kilometers, accounting for more than half of the provincial area.

the average annual flow is 44.25 billion cubic meters, and the theoretical reserve of tidal hydraulic resources in the estuary is 4.72 million kilowatts. Qiantang river tide is known as "the first tide in the world".

Xin 'anjiang, the source of Qiantang River, comes from Qingzhidaijian, Xiuning County, Huizhou District, Anhui Province. After entering Zhejiang, it passes through Chun 'an County and meets Lanjiang, the south source of Qiantang River, in Meicheng Town, jiande city. The sections of Nanyuan Lanjiang River are called Majinxi, Changshan Port, Qujiang River and Lanjiang River respectively.

after the confluence of the two rivers, it is called Fuchun River, and it flows through Tonglu County and Fuyang District to downtown Hangzhou. Below Hangzhou, it is called Qiantang River, and then it is the boundary river of Xiaoshan District, Haining City and Shangyu District, which flows into Hangzhou Bay between Haiyan County and Cixi City. Cao 'e River is considered as the last big tributary of Qiantang River.

The main tributaries of Qiantang River are Lanjiang-Qujiang, Fenshui, Puyang and Caoejiang.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Qiantang River. Third, what is the magnificent tide of Qiantang River?

"August 18th tide is spectacular."

This is the praise of Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, to the tide of Qiantang River, and it is also the simplest realism. Every year on the 18th day of the eighth lunar month, people come from all directions to the levee of Qiantang River in yanguan town, Haining, Zhejiang Province, to watch the wonders of the Qiantang River tide.

When we boarded the Qiantang River levee, we saw the tide coming from the far side of Tianshui like a flock of white swans in a line, spreading their wings, and getting closer, and it seemed to turn into hundreds of millions of silvery hairtail chasing and jumping on the wide river. Soon, the tide surged higher and higher, and the white waves were monstrous, like ten thousand white horses roaring. In an instant, a "water wall" several meters high was overwhelming. The whole river is full of white waves and surging waves, which is the world-famous Qiantang River tide.

the height of the tidal head can reach 3.5m, and the tidal range can reach 9m. The tide in Qiantang River is fierce, and it is called "tidal bore", "angry tide" or surge tide. Iv. information on the spring tide in Qiantang river

qiantang bore-the most spectacular tidal bore. In Chinese history, there are three famous tidal bores: Qingzhou tidal bore, Guanglingtao tidal bore and qiantang bore tidal bore.

Qing Fei Zhu Huang (1664-? "Argument on Guangling Tao" says: "In the Spring and Autumn Period, the tide flourished in Shandong, and the Han Dynasty and the Six Dynasties in qiantang bore flourished in Guangling. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the tide flourished in Zhejiang, and the atmosphere was from north to south, and there were those who knew it. "

qiantang bore appeared later than Guanglingtao, and it was formed in the Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest. Wang Chong's Lun Heng Shu Xu pian mentioned that "Zhejiang, Shanyin River and Shangyu River all have Tao".

At that time, Zhejiang in the Qian and Tang Dynasties "all set up temples of Zixu, trying to comfort their hatred and stop their violent behavior". However, Wang Chong only said that "there are Taos in Qujiang, Guangling, and the literati endowed it", but did not say that the Qiantang River tide was endowed.

It can be seen that in the Eastern Han Dynasty, qiantang bore was far less famous than Guanglingtao. It is estimated that the custom of watching tide in Qiantang was not formed at that time.

Edit the genesis of Qian Jiangchao in this paragraph: From August 16th to 18th of the lunar calendar, the sun, the moon and the earth are almost in a straight line, so the tidal gravity (the difference between the gravity of the moon, the sun or other celestial bodies on the earth and the gravity of the earth's center of mass, or the resultant force of the inertial centrifugal force generated by the earth's movement around the center of mass of the earth-moon (sun) and the moon (sun) gravity) on this day. ) the largest.

Location: It is related to the trumpet-shaped mouth of Qiantang River. Nearly 5, mu of reclaimed land to the east of Zheshan Mountain on the south bank of Qiantang River blocks the estuary like a peninsula, which makes Zheshan Mountain in Qiantang River look like a bottle with a big belly. The tide is easy to enter but difficult to retreat. The outer mouth of Hangzhou Bay is 1 kilometers wide, and it is only a few kilometers wide to the outer 12 th section. The riverbed in the eastern part of the estuary suddenly rises, and the beach is shallow. When a large amount of tide flows in from the Qiantang River mouth, it is too late for the tide to rise evenly because the river surface shrinks rapidly.

Secondly, it has something to do with the sediment deposition under the Qiantang River. These sediment deposition acts as a barrier and friction to the tidal current, which makes the front slope of the tidal current steep and slow down, thus forming a wave after the wave catches up with the front wave, and one wave overlaps with another. Wind trend: southeast winds are often blowing along the coast, and the wind direction is generally consistent with the tide direction, which contributes to the tide trend.

The most famous Qian Jiangchao is formed in the beauty dam of Zheshan Mountain in Nanyang, Xiaoshan, on the south bank of Qiantang River in Nanyang, Xiaoshan, and yanguan town in Haining, which are the best scenic spots to see Qian Jiangchao. The main thing to watch in the beauty dam is the "back tide".

The tide of "Beauty Turning Back" refers to the rapidly advancing tide, which is formed after encountering artificial obstacles such as groins. Zheshan Bay, located in Nanyang, Xiaoshan, on the south bank of Qianjiang River, is a big bend at the mouth of Qiantang River.

here, there is a "T-shaped dam" about 5 meters long, which goes straight into the middle of the river, just like a giant arm to turn the tide. When the tidal bore went west to this point, the whole line came at an acute angle with the dike, and the tidal head within the dam head formed a right triangle with the dam body and the dike, and both ends of the tidal head line were blocked, respectively, and they pushed forward to the right vertex along the dam body and the dike, and finally there was a roar at the dam root, and the tidal bore was like a lion awakening suddenly, turning into a water column and reaching the sky, reaching a height of more than ten meters.

due to the dam's blocking by the Hengjiang River, the vertical tide turns back again, forming a strange tide that "rolls up sand like a snowdrift". At this time, the river surged forward, rolled up and down, and rushed on.

the zheshan meinv dam in Nanyang will not only produce a tidal surge, but also a "tidal surge" phenomenon, which is a special tide that occurs at the intersection of dikes and dams. It is the most attractive tide in the close-up tide.

The tide is like being caught in a net. At the corner where the dam intersects, the tide "clangs" with a loud noise, and the tide head goes straight into the sky. A jet of water rises from the top, the lowest is two or three meters, and the highest can reach more than ten meters.

The poem "Acura" written by Tan Ji-zhuo in Qing Dynasty, "The tide of Zheshan Mountain meets the sky, and the east stone of seawall is destroyed." Chongtianchao got its name from this.

Edit this paragraph: qiantang bore's characteristic cross tide. qiantang bore is 55km away from Hangzhou Bay, and there is a place called Big Gap, which is an excellent place to watch the cross tide. Due to the long-term sediment deposition, a sandbank was formed in the river, which divided the tidal wave from Hangzhou Bay into two waves, namely the east tide and the south tide. After bypassing the sandbank, the two tidal heads crossed and embraced like two brothers, forming a varied and spectacular cross tide, showing a spectacular scene of "thunder gathering on the sea surface and waterfalls across the river".

at the moment when the two tides collide, a water column is stirred up, reaching several feet, and the spray is splashing, which is soul-stirring. By the time the water column fell back to the river, two tidal heads had appeared on the river in a cross shape and quickly ran west.

At the same time, the intersection quickly moved northward like an avalanche, hitting the straight seawall, causing a huge splash and falling on the top of the pond, scaring tide watchers to scream and avoid. First-line Tide After seeing the big gap crossing tide in qiantang bore, I suggest you drive to Yanguan as soon as possible and wait to watch the first-line tide.

no tide shadow, smell the tide first. There was a loud rumbling noise in my ear, and the river was still calm.

the noise is getting louder and louder, like beating a war drum in all directions, which is deafening. In the distance, a white line appeared on the foggy river, and it moved rapidly westward, just like "crossing the river in plain practice, and the long flat sand started from Bai Hong".

Closer, the white line becomes a water blocking wall, rising gradually. "If you want to know how high the tide is, you can cross the mountain and cross the waves.". With the rapid progress of a white wall, the tidal bore came to our eyes, with the potential of Ma Benteng, and the force of thunderbolt was unstoppable.

salt officials are not the only ones who have a first-line tide. Where the river is straight and there is no sand state, the tides are all in a line, but they are not as good-looking as salt officials.

The reason is that the Yanguan position and the width of the river channel are not far from the upstream, and the east and south tides are just in line after they meet, so the tidal energy is concentrated and the tidal head is particularly high, usually 1-2 meters, and sometimes it can reach more than 3 meters. Magnificent, spectacular tide scene.

Back Tide The tide from Yanguan in qiantang bore will reach the next tidal spot, Old Salt Warehouse. The geographical environment of the old salt warehouse is different from that of Yanguan, where the river course is straight and the tidal bore advances westward without any hindrance. On the river course of the old salt warehouse, for the purpose of reclamation and seawall protection, a 66-meter-long groin is built. After encountering obstacles, the roaring tide will be reflected and turned back, where it will violently hit the opposite dam, and then turn back with the tide of Mount Tai, and fall on the rapids moving westward, forming a row of "snow mountains".

The spring tide of Qiantang River is magnificent during the day and poetic at night; Watching the tide is a pleasure, and listening to it is a daydream. No wonder some people say "Qiantang Guo". V. What are the long-standing historical materials of the Qiantang River Tide? Please

Qiantang River Tide [Edit this paragraph] qiantang bore-the most spectacular introduction to the tidal bore. In the history of our country, there are three famous tidal bores: Qingzhou Tide, Guanglingtao and qiantang bore.

Qing Fei Zhu Huang (1664-? "Argument on Guangling Tao" says: "In the Spring and Autumn Period, the tide flourished in Shandong, and the Han and Six Dynasties flourished in Guangling. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the tide flourished in Zhejiang, and the atmosphere was from north to south, and there were those who knew it. "

qiantang bore appeared later than Guanglingtao, and it was formed in the Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest. Wang Chong's Lun Heng Shu Xu pian mentioned that "Zhejiang, Shanyin River and Shangyu River all have Tao".

At that time, Zhejiang in the Qian and Tang Dynasties "all set up temples of Zixu, trying to comfort their hatred and stop their violent behavior". However, Wang Chong only said that "there are Taos in Qujiang, Guangling, and the literati endowed it", but did not say that the Qiantang River tide was endowed.

It can be seen that in the Eastern Han Dynasty, qiantang bore was far less famous than Guanglingtao. It is estimated that the custom of watching tide in Qiantang was also formed at that time.

The cause of Qian Jiangchao's magnificent Qian Jiangchao is not only influenced by the gravity of the moon and the sun, but also related to the trumpet-shaped mouth of Qiantang River. Nearly 5, mu of reclaimed land to the east of Zheshan Mountain in Jiang Nanan, Qiantang River blocks the estuary like a peninsula, which makes the section from Zheshan Mountain to the outer 12 of Qiantang River look like a bottle with a small belly, and the tide is easy to enter but difficult to retreat. The outer mouth of Hangzhou Bay is 1 kilometers wide, and it is only wide to the outer 12.