Brief introduction (adventure story) and evaluation of some explorers! ! Urgent! ! !

Robert F. ken scott is an officer in the Royal Navy. Originally, he was neither an explorer nor a navigator, but a military expert who studied torpedoes. 190 1 In August, he was ordered to lead an expedition on the sailboat Discovery, went deep into the Ross Sea in the Antarctic circle, and wintered in a valley on Ross Island in McMurdo Strait, thus adapting to the harsh environment in Antarctica and laying the foundation for his formal entry into the Antarctic. Although Scott reached the South Pole about two months before Norwegian explorer Amundsen, he didn't reach the South Pole until the 34th day after Amundsen won the championship of climbing the South Pole. His experience and consequences are quite different from Amundsen's. Although he arrived at the South Pole later than Amundsen, he is considered as the greatest Antarctic explorer in the world.

1910 In June, the British expedition led by Scott left Europe in the New World. 1911On June 6th, Scott camped in McMurdo Strait, waiting for the arrival of Antarctic summer. 10 In late June, when Amundsen had sprinted from Whale Bay in Ross Ice Barrier to the South Pole, Scott and his party were unable to make their way to the destination. Because of the bad weather, although it was summer, the storm continued and several players fell ill, so Scott didn't decide to go to the South Pole until 10 ended.

19 1 1 year 1 1 month 1, Scott's expedition started from the camp. I braved the howling wind and snow every day, crossed the ice barrier, climbed the glacier and boarded the ice sheet, and experienced hardships in Ganxin. When they came to a place 250 kilometers away from the pole, Scott decided to leave himself, 37-year-old sailor Evans, 32-year-old Colonel Oates and 28-year-old naval captain Bowles behind and continue to advance to the South Pole.

At the beginning of 19 12, it was supposed to be the highest temperature in Antarctic summer, but the sudden bad weather constantly troubled Scott and his party. They were hit by "the biggest snowstorm in their lives", which made them unable to move. They had to extend their daily marching time and go all out to attack the finish line.

191265438+1October 16, Scott and others endured the snowstorm, hunger and frostbite, and finally reached the South Pole with amazing perseverance. But just as they were celebrating their victory, they suddenly found Amundsen's tent and letters addressed to Norwegian King Haakon and Scott himself. Amundsen reached the South Pole before them, which was a bolt from the blue for Scott and pushed them from the extreme of joy to the extreme of pain.

At this time, Scott clearly realized that the team must return immediately. They stayed at the South Pole for two days in order to set foot on the return journey on June 65438+1October 65438+1October 8. On the way, two players died of cold, fatigue, hunger and disease. The rest of the team held a funeral for the dead, and then hurried on. Only 17 km away from the next supply camp, we encountered a continuous snowstorm, and hunger and cold finally defeated these brave Antarctic explorers. On March 29th, Scott wrote his last diary. He said: "I have no better way now. We will stick it out, but we are getting weaker and weaker, and the end is not far away. It's a pity, but I'm afraid I can't keep a diary anymore. " Scott signed his name with a stiff hand and added the last sentence: "For God's sake, please take care of our family."

Less than a year later, the rear search team found three intact bodies kept in sleeping bags in Scottmore, and buried them on the spot, with a cross made of ski poles standing on the graves.

The brave and tenacious spirit and tragic performance of the British expedition led by Scott left a glorious page in the history of Antarctic exploration. They went through hardships and waded through mountains and rivers, but they didn't throw away the collected 17 kg plant fossils and mineral samples, which made great contributions to the later Antarctic geology. Diaries and photos of their expeditions are also precious historical materials for Antarctic scientific research, and they are still well preserved. In order to make people remember them forever, the United States named the scientific research station built in Antarctica 1957 Amundsen-Scott Station.

Why did Scott's tragedy happen?

Although Scott succeeded in reaching the South Pole, he failed to return safely and was wiped out in the end. There are several reasons. First of all, Scott is superstitious about the superiority of sledding, but biased against the use of Eskimo dogs, so he chose Siberian ponies and three crawler tractors as the main means of transportation to climb the South Pole. The tractor's fuel injection system broke down after only a few days, so it had to be thrown into the snow as a pile of scrap iron. Because Siberian ponies can't adapt to the harsh environment of the Antarctic Plateau, and their physical strength is exhausted, Scott and his team have to drag heavy sledges on foot on the ice sheet in the air, which consumes a lot of physical strength of the team members and affects the speed of travel. Secondly, when they returned to the preset supply warehouse on the Ross ice shelf, they found that the kerosene in the oil drum was mysteriously used up. Later, people realized that solder would become powder at low temperature, and kerosene loss was caused by solder denaturation. Third, the bad weather is constantly bothering Scott and his party. The relatively good weather turned into a rare storm and snowstorm, which made Scott and his party unable to move forward. Finally, although it is only 17 kilometers away from the supply camp, it has actually become their elusive goal.

Amundsen

Norwegian polar explorer, the first person to reach the South Pole. 1July, 872 16 was born in bolger near Oslo. Served in the Norwegian navy. 190 1 year to conduct oceanographic research in the northeast of Greenland. 1903 ~ 1906 sailed through the northwest channel (from the northwest Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean via the Arctic Ocean) for the first time and found the north magnetic pole. After learning that R.E. Billy had successfully reached the North Pole, he was actively preparing to explore the South Pole. In June, 19 10, take Fram from Norway, 1 91,1,and arrive at Whale Bay in the Antarctic continent,191. Amundsen observed and studied in the Antarctic and left in 65438+February 65438+July. 1926 May to1/kloc-0 June to 13, Amundsen, American explorer L. ellsworth and Italian aviation engineer U. Noble flew from Norway to Alaska by airship, flying over the North Pole for the first time. 1June, 928 18, Amundsen died in a plane crash on a flight to the North Pole. His main works are Antarctic (19 12) and My Adventure (1927).