Introduce the information of broken wheels: from the success of army development to the failure. .

Napoleon? Bonaparte (Napoléon Bonaparte,1769.8.15 ~1821.5.5), the first power of France (1799-/kloc-0). The emperor of the First Empire of France and the Hundred Days Dynasty (1804- 18 14, 18 15), a military strategist and politician, once occupied most of the territories in western and central Europe. A famous strategist and politician in modern French history.

Napoleon's early years

Napoleon was born in 1769 in ajaccio, Corsica. His family is an Italian aristocratic family. As soon as Corsica was sold to France, the French king admitted that his father was a French aristocrat. Under the arrangement of his father, Napoleon went to the French military academies in Brehon and China for education at the age of 9. 1784 After graduating with honors, he was sent to the Paris Military Academy.

Napoleon thought he was a foreigner at first, and he was bent on making Corsica independent from France. His father died at the age of 16. He dropped out of school and was awarded the title of second lieutenant in artillery. During his stay with the army in various places, he read many works of enlightenment thinkers, including Jean? Jacob. Rousseau's thoughts had a great influence on him. 1789 After the French Revolution broke out, Napoleon returned to Corsica, hoping to promote Corsica's independence, but was excluded by another pro-British and anti-French Poly Group, and finally the whole family fled to France and the United States.

1793 In July, Napoleon led troops to capture the royalist fortress of Toulon, so he was appreciated by jacobins. Napoleon was investigated for his close relationship with the robespierre brothers in the hot month coup of 1794, and was later removed from the rank of brigadier general because he refused to serve in the infantry unit of the Italian legion. 1795, entrusted by ballas, the governor of Paris, successfully put down the armed rebellion of the royalist party, and was promoted to lieutenant general of the army and commander of the garrison in Paris overnight, making a name for himself in the military and political circles.

Napoleon was an excellent strategist, who had a deep study of military knowledge at that time and was good at applying various military strategies to actual combat, especially advocating the centralized use of artillery and giving full play to the mobile role of cavalry. 1796 On March 2, 26, Napoleon was appointed commander-in-chief of the Italian army in France. On March 9, he married his lover Josephine? Bohanas got married and hurried to the front. In Italy, Napoleon's army repeatedly repelled the first anti-French alliance between the Austrian Empire and Sa Ding, and finally forced the other side to sign an armistice treaty in favor of France.

The rise of Napoleon

After the victory of the Italian campaign, Napoleon gained more and more prestige and became a new hero of the French and China people. His rise made the governor feel threatened, so he was appointed as the commander of Arab Egypt and the national army and sent to the east to curb the expansion of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the region. In Napoleon's expedition, in addition to 2000 cannons, he also brought 175 scholars from various industries, as well as hundreds of boxes of books and research equipment. During the expedition, Napoleon once issued a famous instruction: "Let donkeys and scholars walk in the middle of the team." Napoleon himself was proficient in mathematics and loved literature and religion very much, which was greatly influenced by the Enlightenment.

However, 1798' s expedition to Egypt itself was a great failure. Napoleon's fleet was completely destroyed by British Admiral Nelson, and his troops were trapped in Egypt. 1799 When returning to China, there were only two small boats left in the 400 warships, and the original plan to invade India was blocked and suffered heavy losses.

At this time, the European anti-French alliance was gradually formed, and the royalist forces in France and China were also gradually rising. 1799 In August, Napoleon finally decided to go back to Paris. 1799 In June, Napoleon, who returned to France, was welcomed as the "savior". 1October 9 165438+ Napoleon staged a coup in the foggy month and succeeded, becoming the first ruler of the French Republic, actually a dictator.

After Napoleon, some major reforms were carried out in politics, education, justice, administration, legislation and economy. Among them, the most famous Code of Napoleon, which still has important influence, was drafted by Napoleon on the night of the coup. Napoleon himself participated in the discussion and finalized many articles, basically adopting the more rational principles put forward by France and the early days of the national revolution. This code was formally implemented in 1804. Even after more than a century, it is still the current law of France. Code plays an important role in the legislation of Germany, Spain, Switzerland and other countries. In an announcement to the people three weeks after the coup, Napoleon proudly declared: "Citizens, the Great Revolution has returned to the principles from which it originated. The Great Revolution is over. "

Napoleon, the French and China emperor on the throne.

1802 August, * * * Eight-year Constitution was revised and changed to life-long governance. 1804165438+1October 6, the referendum adopted the * * * and 12-year constitution, and the French Republic was changed to the French Empire, Napoleon? Bonaparte was the French emperor. He was called Napoleon I on February 2, 65438. Instead of being crowned by Pope pope pius vii, he put a crown on his head and gave it to his wife Josephine? Bohanas was crowned queen. A year later, he was crowned king of Italy by the Pope in Italy.

1805 In August, Austria, Britain and Russia formed the third anti-French alliance, so Napoleon left Paris on September 24 and went eastward in person. By June of 10, the French army had occupied Munich. 10 10/7 After fierce fighting between France and Austria in Ulm, the anti-French alliance surrendered. After that, France won the battle of Austerlitz, and the anti-French alliance collapsed again, forcing the Austrian Empire to cancel the title of Holy Roman Empire. Napoleon then joined the German vassal states to form the "Rhine Federation" and put it under his own protection. The following autumn, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Russia and Prussia formed the fourth anti-French alliance, but in June 65438 +65438 10+April, the French army defeated the enemy in Jena and Olstadt at the same time, and the Prussian army was almost wiped out, so Napoleon gained most of Germany. 1in June, 807, the French army defeated the Russian army again in Poland. Napoleon met with Russian czar Alexander I and the two sides signed a peace treaty. The year before, Napoleon issued an Amnesty in Berlin, announcing the mainland blockade policy and prohibiting any trade between the European continent and Britain. Since then, the hegemony of France and the United States in the European continent has been established. Napoleon I was also the king of Italy, the protector of the Rhine Federation and the arbiter of the Swiss Federation, and named his brothers Joseph, Louis and Jerome the kings of Naples, Holland and Westphalia respectively.

Turning point: invasion of Spain, Austria, China and Russia.

/kloc-at the end of 0/807, civil strife broke out in Spain, and the Spanish king was spurned by the people. Napoleon then took the opportunity to invade Spain and let his eldest brother Joseph? Joseph Bonaparte became king of Spain. But this move was opposed by the Spanish, and Napoleon could not quell the local riots at all. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland intervened in the Spanish dispute on 1808. British troops landed in Montego Bay on August 8th and occupied the whole of Portugal on August 30th. Later, with the support of local nationalists, they gradually drove the French out of the Iberian Peninsula.

Napoleon was in the quagmire of Spain, and the fifth anti-French alliance was formed at the beginning of 1809. The Austrian Empire attacked French territory in Germany from behind, and Napoleon was forced to withdraw his troops from Spain and lead the army eastward. Although the Austrian Imperial Army gained an advantage at first, Napoleon soon turned defeat into victory, forcing the Austrian Empire to sign the Vienna Peace Treaty again and cede land. The following year, Napoleon married Princesse Marie of the Austrian Empire? Luisa as his wife, FAO formed an alliance.

By the end of 18 1 1, the relationship between France and Russia began to deteriorate. Russian czar Alexander I refused to continue to cooperate with France against Britain, and eventually the war broke out. Napoleon led an army of 500,000 people who spoke 12 languages into Russia. Russian troops retreated and did not resist until the French army entered Moscow after the Battle of Borodino on September 18 12 (70,000 French troops were killed and seriously injured). Napoleon thought Alexander I would compromise, but he was greeted by a sea of fire all over Moscow. At this time, another failed coup was planned in China, which forced him to return to France. Only 10000 people finally returned to France.

Defeat, Exile, Hundred Days Regime and Waterloo

18 13 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Russia, Prussia and the Austrian Empire formed the sixth anti-French alliance, and the two sides fought fiercely in Germany many times. Although the French army won many victories, Napoleon was under increasing pressure. Until the battle of Leipzig in 10, the French army was defeated, the vassal state became independent from France, and the allies began to advance to Paris. 1865438+March 3 1, in 2004, Paris was occupied, the allies demanded the unconditional surrender of France, and Napoleon had to abdicate. 181April 13 Napoleon signed the abdication edict at Fontainebleau Palace in Paris, and two days later Napoleon announced his unconditional surrender. Napoleon himself was exiled to the Mediterranean island of Elba after he abdicated. Napoleon kept the title of "Emperor", but his territory was limited to that small island.

Napoleon was almost assassinated on his way to the island of Elba and tried to commit suicide. In Paris, Louis Stanislas Xavier returned to France, became the king of France, and the Bourbon Dynasty was restored. Napoleon's wife and son were imprisoned in Austria, China and China, and it was rumored that Napoleon would be exiled to an island in the Atlantic Ocean. All these left Napoleon with no choice. In the end, he escaped from the island on February 26th of 18 15, and led 1000 people back to France on March 6th, 2000. The French * * * and China troops sent to stop him turned to continue to support Napoleon. On March 20th, Napoleon returned to Paris. By this time, his regular army10.4 million people, volunteers 200 thousand people. Louis Stanislas Xavier escaped and the Hundred Days Dynasty began.

However, the good times did not last long, and European countries quickly formed the seventh anti-French alliance. 18 15 June18 Napoleon's army was completely annihilated in the Battle of Waterloo, Belgium, and he formally surrendered on July15. The First Empire of France fell, and Louis Stanislas Xavier was restored again. Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena. 1821May 5, Napoleon died on the island. On May 8th, the conqueror was buried beside Tolbert Springs on St Helena and paid tribute to him. To this day, there are still different opinions about Napoleon's death. The autopsy report of a doctor in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland shows that he died of a severe gastric ulcer, but new research holds that Napoleon died of arsenic poisoning, and historians also found arsenic-containing minerals from the wallpaper loved by nobles in those days, presumably because the environment was humid and Shen infiltrated into the environment.

Nine years after his death, under the pressure of the people, the New Orleans dynasty erected a statue of Napoleon on the pillar of Vendom. 1840, Louis of the July dynasty in France? Philip sent his son to retrieve Napoleon's body. 65438+ February 65438+In May of that year, Napoleon's coffin was transported back to Paris, passed through the Arc de Triomphe, and was buried in the old disabled soldiers' retirement home (Honorary Military Hospital) on the banks of the Seine.

Another version

The famous French general and emperor Napoleon I was born in ajaccio, Corsica, on 1769. His original name was Napoleon? Biological bomb. The French Republic acquired Corsica about 15 months before his birth. Napoleon was a nationalist when he was young, and thought that the French and China were oppressors. However, Napoleon was sent to a military academy in France by his father. 1785 when he graduated, he was only sixteen years old and began to work as a second lieutenant in the army.

Four years later, the French Revolution broke out, and the newly established French government was involved in the torrent of war with several foreign powers within a few years. God gave Napoleon a chance to get ahead for the first time. He commanded the artillery units to recapture Toulon from the French and British troops in the siege of Toulon in 1793. At this point, he had given up his Corsican nationalism and thought he was French and China. He made a great contribution in the siege of Toulon. Promoted to brigade commander, 1796 promoted to commander of French army in Italy. From 1796 to 1797, Napoleon won a series of brilliant victories in Italy, and then returned to Paris as a hero.

1798, Napoleon led the French army to invade Egypt, and the expedition was a fiasco. Although Napoleon's army won a great victory on land, the navy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland under Nelson destroyed the French fleet. 1799 Napoleon gave up his troops in Arabia, Arabia, Egypt and France and returned to France.

When Napoleon returned to France, he found that what people remembered was his success in directing the Italian war, not his defeat in expeditions to Arabia, Arabia, Egypt and other countries. Napoleon took advantage of this, and a month later he and Abe? Xi Yu Ye and others staged a coup and announced the establishment of a new government-the executive government. He was the first ruling government. Although Napoleon presided over the formulation of a complete constitution and voted for the people, it was only a mask of his military dictatorship, and he quickly defeated other accomplices in the coup.

Therefore, the speed of Napoleon's career is amazing. 1793 Before the siege of Toulon in August, he was just a nobody, a 24-year-old young officer with incomplete French and China ancestry. Less than six years later, at the age of 30, he became the undisputed monarch of France, and his reign lasted more than 14 years.

During his reign, Napoleon carried out major reforms in France's administrative and legal system. He reformed the financial structure and judicial system of France; Establishing the Bank of France and the University of France; France has a centralized administrative system. Although each of these reforms has had an important and lasting impact on France and the country itself, it has little impact on other countries in the world.

However, a reform carried out by Napoleon certainly went far beyond the border between France and China, that is, he created the civil codes of France and China, namely the famous Napoleonic Code. This code embodies the ideals of the French Revolution in many ways. For example, everyone has no blood privilege before the code, and everyone is equal before the code. At the same time, the code is close to the laws and customs of France and China in the past, which is acceptable to the public and legal circles in France and China. In short, the code is robust and moderate, clear and concise, and it is commendable. Therefore, the Code was not only implemented in France and the Republic of China (the civil laws of France and the Republic of China today are obviously similar to the original Napoleonic Code), but also adopted by many other countries after some modifications. Napoleon's consistent policy was to be a defender of the revolution. However, in 1804, Napoleon officially declared himself emperor of France and made his three brothers climb the pole in other European countries. What he did undoubtedly aroused the antipathy of some France * * * and France * * * and party member-they thought such behavior was a complete betrayal of France * * * and the ideal of the French revolution-but the only serious difficulty Napoleon faced was the war from abroad.

1802, Napoleon signed a peace treaty with Britain in Amiens in order to give France a breathing space after more than ten years of war. However, the peace treaty was torn up the following year, and a series of long-term wars broke out between France and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and their allies. Although Napoleon's army kept winning on land, to conquer the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, it was necessary to defeat its navy. Napoleon 1805 is unlucky. In the decisive battle at Cape Tefara, the navy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was invincible and won a great victory. Since then, Britain has basically gained the right to control the sea. Although Napoleon defeated the Austrian-Russian Coalition forces only six weeks after the Battle of Cape Trafalgar and achieved a brilliant victory, it failed to really make up for the great defeat of his navy.

1808 Napoleon foolishly involved France in a protracted and aimless Iberian war, which left the French army in a dilemma for many years. But Napoleon's fatal mistake was his war against Russia. 1807, Napoleon met with the Russian czar and signed the Tilsit Agreement, vowing to establish permanent friendship. However, this alliance has gradually become vicious. 18 12, Napoleon invaded Russia.

The end of the war is well known. Russian troops usually avoid confrontation with Napoleon. Therefore, he was able to attack quickly and occupied Moscow in September. But the Russians lit a fire all over the sky and almost turned the whole city into ashes. Napoleon waited in Moscow for five weeks, but his hopes for peace were dashed, and he finally decided to withdraw, but it was too late. The Russian army, the ruthlessness of the Russian winter and the shortage of the French army suddenly made the soldiers of France * * * and China tremble, make a mess and trample on each other. As a result, less than 10% people can escape alive.

Other European countries, such as Austria and Prussia, have realized that this is an excellent opportunity and opportunity for them to get rid of French rule. They banded together to attack Napoleon. Napoleon suffered another devastating defeat in the battle of Leipzig. The following year, he announced his resignation and was exiled to the island of Elba on the Italian coast.

18 15 years, he fled from the island of elba to France, where he was very popular and successfully restored. Other European powers immediately declared war, and one hundred days after his restoration, he was finally defeated at Waterloo. After the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was imprisoned by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on St. Helena, a small island in the South Atlantic, and died of cancer in 182 1.

Napoleon's military career was full of contradictions and unpredictability. His tactical command genius is amazing. If we only judge from this aspect, we may regard him as the greatest general who transcends time and space. But from a major strategic point of view, he is prone to make conspicuous blind mistakes, such as invading Arabia, Egypt, China and Russia. Napoleon's strategic mistakes were so serious that he was not a first-class general. Is such an evaluation unfair? I don't think so. There is no doubt that the criterion for evaluating whether a general is great depends on his ability to avoid causing heavy casualties. Therefore, it is not controversial to evaluate the greatest generals like Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan and Timur, because their troops have never lost a battle. Napoleon was finally defeated, so the territory he conquered abroad was like a cloud in the sky, drifting away with the wind. 18 15 After his final defeat, France occupied less territory than when the Great Revolution broke out in 1789.

There is no doubt that Napoleon was an extreme egoist. People often compare him with Hitler, but there is an extremely important difference between them. Hitler was to a great extent the crash of Xie Sidi, while Napoleon was an ambitious opportunist who had no special interest in the sensational massacre. Napoleon's rule is no match for Nazi concentration camps.

Napoleon is so famous that people often overestimate his influence. His influence in the short term is indeed great, perhaps even greater than that of Alexander the Great, although far less than that of Hitler (it is estimated that nearly 500,000 French soldiers died in the Napoleonic Wars and 8 million German soldiers died in the Second World War). In any case, Napoleon's activities are far less than Hitler's in quantity and influence on the life of his contemporaries.

In the long run, Napoleon seems more important than Hitler, but not as important as Alexander. Napoleon carried out extensive political reforms in France, but the population of France is less than one-seventieth of the world, so we must treat such political reforms realistically. Judging from his influence on personal life in France and China, his reform is far less than the unprecedented political reform in the last two centuries.

It is said that the Napoleonic era provided an opportunity to consolidate the achievements of the French Revolution and ensure the vested interests of the French bourgeoisie. Therefore, when France finally restored the monarchy in 18 15, these changes were so deeply rooted in the hearts of the people that it was impossible to restore the social order of the old system. But the most important change happened before Napoleon. 1799 When Napoleon came to power, it seemed that it was too late to restore the original state. Although Napoleon had his own ambition to establish a monarchy, he played a role in spreading the ideals of the French Revolution and the China Revolution throughout Europe.

Napoleon also had a great indirect influence on the history of Latin America. His invasion of Spain weakened the Spanish government and made it unable to control its colonies in Latin America for several years. It was during this period of de facto autonomy that the independence movement in Latin America began.

Napoleon made a deal, which seemed to have nothing to do with his main intention, but it became the most lasting and meaningful event in his life. That is, Napoleon sold a large piece of land to the United States in 1803. He realized that it must be very difficult to defend the land occupied by France in North America from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and he lacked funds. The Louisiana Contract is perhaps the largest land transfer in the whole history, making the United States a country with an area close to a continent. Without the Louisiana contract, it is difficult to predict what the United States would be like, and it will definitely be very different from today's America. In fact, if there is no Louisiana contract, it is hard to say whether the United States can become a powerful country.

Of course, Napoleon was not the only factor that contributed to the signing of the Louisiana contract. Obviously, the US government has also played a role. However, the asking prices in France and the United States are very low. It seems that no matter which American government is willing to do this business, the decision of France and the United States to sell Louisiana territory is made by Napoleon alone.

Napoleon souvenir

1769 August 15 was born in a poor aristocratic family in ajaccio, Corsica.

1April 25th, 779, studied military affairs at Brenney Military Academy in France.

1784 10, was ordered to transfer to the Royal Military Academy in Paris.

1In September 785, Napoleon graduated with the rank of second lieutenant.

In June, 1785, 1 1, began to serve in the "Rafer Artillery Regiment" in Vallance.

1789, the French bourgeois revolution broke out, and Napoleon sympathized with the revolution and once became a supporter of jacobins. He returned to his hometown of Corsica three times and actively carried out activities for the autonomy and freedom of Corsica. Due to the exclusion of the local pro-British and anti-French Poly Group, the family was forced to move to France and China.

1793 In July, Napoleon led an army to capture Toulon, the fortress of the royalist party, which was deeply appreciated by Augustus robespierre of jacobins. 1794 In June, Napoleon was appointed as Major General and Artillery Brigade Commander. After the hot month coup, jacobins 103 people were killed, and Napoleon was also implicated and arrested on August 5. After trial, he was acquitted, but he was removed from the rank of major general and the post of artillery brigade commander. Napoleon was trapped in Paris for some time.

17951On October 4th, a royalist armed rebellion took place in Paris. Governor ballas invited Napoleon to help quell the rebellion. Napoleon defeated the rebels with artillery and saved the crisis. The governor promoted Napoleon to lieutenant general and commander of the Paris garrison. Overnight, Napoleon, down and out, became a big shot in military and political circles.

1796 On March 2, Napoleon, who was only 26 years old, was appointed as the commander of the Italian army in France and China, and began his independent combat career. On March 9th, Napoleon and Josephine Beauharnais, a famous Paris socialite, got married in a hurry. Two days later, he bid farewell to his new wife and rushed to the Italian legion to take office. He commanded tens of thousands of troops to March into Italy, and fought continuously with the Austrian Army and Sardinian Army, the first anti-French Coalition, in a favorable position, and achieved a series of brilliant victories. When he triumphed in Paris from Italy, he made up his mind to be the leader of the country that unified the whole country. The rising Napoleon made the governor feel threatened, and the governor officials decided to move him away from Paris.

1on April 2, 798, Napoleon was appointed commander of French, Arabian, Egyptian, China and the national army (Oriental Army). On May 18, 2008, Napoleon sent troops to March eastward to Arabia, Arabia, Egypt and the Republic. He hopes to realize his ideal with the help of new victories.

1799 On August 22nd, Napoleon secretly left Arabia, Egypt and the Republic of China and returned to Paris.

1799165438+1October 9, (foggy month 18) Napoleon launched a coup to overthrow the prefect government and establish a three-person rule.

On June 1800 and 14, Napoleon defeated Austria * * * and China * * * and the national army in marengo, forcing the second anti-French alliance to disintegrate. Napoleon took advantage of the short-lived peace on the European continent and vigorously developed national strength. At that time, the French Republic was thriving.

1802 On August 4th, France * * * promulgated the * * * and ten-year constitution, and Napoleon ruled France * * * all his life.

On March 2 1, 1804, Napoleon officially promulgated the French Civil Code.

1804, 18 in may * * * and the twelfth year constitution was promulgated, declaring France * * * as the French empire and Napoleon as the emperor of the empire.

1February 2, 804, Napoleon held a coronation ceremony in Notre Dame de Paris, known as Napoleon I.

1August 9, 805, Austria, Britain and Russia formed the third anti-French alliance. Napoleon led his army eastward and won the battles of Ulm and Austerlitz. The Russian emperor and the Austrian emperor fled in panic. Napoleon used his victory to form the "Rhine Union" in the vassal states of South Germany and China and Germany, and put it under his own protection. 1in the autumn of 806, Britain, Russia and Belgium formed the fourth anti-French alliance. 1 0/0/month/day, Prussia took the lead in declaring war on France. 14 during the day, the French army fought two beautiful battles in Jena and Olstadt at the same time, and the Pujun army was almost completely annihilated. 10 year1October 27th, the French army invaded Berlin. Heine once exaggerated: "Napoleon blew Prussia in one breath." Then, France and the country attacked the Russian army in the east.

1on June 4th, 807, Napoleon defeated the Russian army in friedland, and the Russian emperor was forced to make peace. In order to suffocate the British Isles and strictly implement the policy of "continental blockade", Napoleon launched a war to conquer the Iberian Peninsula in 1807+00. The invasion of the French army aroused the strong resistance of the people on the island, and the French army soon fell into the quagmire of the people's war. Napoleon had to swallow the bitter fruit he planted.

At the beginning of 1809, due to the fifth anti-French alliance against Prussia, Austria and other countries, Napoleon led troops back to China before the end of the Spanish War and conquered Austria and Austria. Napoleon, with his iron will, turned defeat into victory, forcing Austria * * * and China * * * to cede territory and make peace again.

18 10 in March, Napoleon and Austria * * * and Princess Royal Maria? Louise is married. Napoleon's empire reached its peak.

1865438+June 2 1 In 2002, 500,000 French soldiers entered Russia in three ways. The lack of military preparation, the cold weather in Russia, and the tactics of clearing the field by the Russian army almost wiped out the French army.

181218 In February, Napoleon returned to Paris. The war against Russia ended in failure.

18 13 years, the sixth anti-French alliance in Europe was established. Napoleon led the army against the Allies and won a series of victories. However, after years of war, France and China failed to arm the whole of Europe, and finally lost in the battle of Leipzig.

18 14, the allied forces marched into France and China. On March 3 1 day, French Marshal Marmond handed over Paris to the Allies.

1865438+On April 6th, 2004, Napoleon was forced to sign his abdication.

On May 4th, 2004, Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba, Italy. Bourbon restoration.

1865438+On February 6, 2005/kloc-0, Napoleon left the island of Elba, escaped the surveillance of the fleet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and sailed for France and China.

1865438+On March 20th, 2005, Napoleon returned to Paris and established the "Hundred Days Dynasty".

1865438+On March 25th, 2005, Britain, Russia, Austria and other countries formed the seventh anti-French alliance.

1865438+In June 2005, the French army was completely annihilated in the Battle of Waterloo, and Napoleon abdicated for the second time. 10, exiled to St. Helena.

1821On May 5th, Napoleon died in St. Helena at the age of 52. Four days later, people on the island held a funeral for the conqueror. In the roar of the salute, the coffin was slowly buried next to Tolbert Spring on St. Helena. In the depths of this quiet canyon, a few weeping willows are shaded by flowing water, and Haitang, taro and canna are competing to open. Napoleon, the once all-powerful, outstanding and unparalleled hero, was buried under these green leaves and flowers.

1840 15 In February 15, Prince Anwar, the July dynasty of France and China, led a warship to St. Helena to take Napoleon's body back to the motherland. 900,000 Parisians braved the cold and attended this grand funeral with deep affection. Napoleon's body was escorted by a guard of honor, passed through the Arc de Triomphe and was buried in the lobby on the roof of the garden of the Paris Veterans Retirement Home. 15 years later, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and her prince, later Edward VII, came here in person, and the queen made the prince kneel at "the grave of the great Napoleon".