What is suitable for planting Jingyuan terraced fields in Baiyin, Gansu?

Jingyuan County, Baiyin City, Gansu Province

The terrain is high in the south and low in the north, with an altitude of 1900-2665 meters, with an average altitude of 2200 meters. It is located in the mountains and rivers southeast of Huangjiashan and Xingbaozi River. The climate is dry, with large temperature difference, drought and windy, less rainfall and large evaporation. The average rainfall is about 184mm, the annual evaporation is about 2400mm, the average temperature is 6.4-8.8℃, the sunshine hours are about 2700 hours, the frost-free period is about 160 days, and the crop growth period is about 200 days.

Due to poor natural conditions, nine droughts in ten years and many disasters, agricultural production will be slower and people's lives will be more difficult. According to the reality of Jing 'an's combination of mountains and rivers, the township party committee and government actively adjust the agricultural structure, consolidate the agricultural foundation, seize the favorable opportunity, actively implement the conversion of farmland to forests and develop aquaculture.

In terms of planting: planting plastic film potatoes on a large scale to increase farmers' income. Introduced and popularized "Ningqi 1, Ningqi No.2" Lycium barbarum seedlings, the planting of Lycium barbarum reached 8200 mu, and there were more than 400 mu of Lycium barbarum seedlings, with an annual income of 48 million yuan.

Breeding: Sheep are raised in sheds, mainly by developing the cross between ordinary Tan sheep and small-tailed Han sheep. At present, 600 sheep houses have been developed, with more than 0.2 million sheep/kloc-0, more than 30,000 chickens and more than 10,000 pigs/kloc-0. Ecological construction: Seize the historical opportunity of western development, and by 2005, more than 60,000 mu of farmland can be returned to forests, with an annual income of more than 9.6 million yuan.

potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial herb of Solanaceae, and it is the fourth largest food crop in the world after wheat, rice and corn. Potatoes, also known as eggs, potatoes, potatoes and so on. , is a tuber of Solanaceae. Together with wheat, rice, corn and sorghum, it has become the five major crops in the world.

Potatoes are native to the Andes in South America, and the history of artificial cultivation can be traced back to southern Peru from about 8000 BC to 5000 BC.

The main potato producers are China, Russian, Indian, Ukrainian and American. China is the country with the largest potato output in the world.

In 20 15, China will start the strategy of potato staple food, and promote potato processing into steamed bread, noodles, rice noodles and other staple foods, and potato will become another staple food besides rice, wheat and corn.

Cultivation techniques of plastic film potato

1. Preparation before broadcasting

(1) Selection of cultivation sites. We should choose fields with high terrain, loose and fertile soil, deep soil layer, sandy soil, neutral or slightly acidic soil, irrigation and drainage, and no potato planting. It is not suitable to choose low-lying land, waterlogged wetland and sticky land, avoid continuous cropping, and plant on land with eggplant, cabbage and cabbage as previous crops. It is suitable for rotation with crops such as beans, cereals and oilseeds, and can prevent many diseases such as virus disease and ring rot.

(2) Soil preparation and fertilization. After removing the stubble of the previous crop, carry out deep ploughing and fine harrowing to make the field smooth, the soil fine, firm on the top and weak on the bottom, and protect the soil moisture. Combined with soil preparation, 45,000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manure, 750 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 225 kilograms of potassium sulfate were applied per hectare. Then ridging, the ridge width is 80cm, the ridge height is 15cm, the ridge surface width is 50cm, and the ditch width is 30cm. The two sides and ends of the film should be pressed tightly, and the cracks should be sealed with soil to improve the ground temperature and humidity and promote the development of potatoes.

(3) Variety selection. Choose an early-maturing variety with good adaptability, early tuber setting, rapid tuber expansion in the early stage, high yield and high medium and large tuber rate, such as Kexin 3. Remove rotten, diseased, injured, wilted, deformed, pointed tubers and old potatoes with rough skin, dark skin and prominent bud eyes, and choose seed potatoes with neat potato pieces, smooth and delicate skin and fresh and tender skin color.

(4) Treatment of seed potato. 30 days before sowing, put the seed potato in the dark condition of 15 ~ 18℃ to accelerate germination, warm seeds and promote strong seedlings. Large seed potatoes should be cut into pieces 4 ~ 7d days before sowing (that is, the amount of seeds used should be reduced), and the mass of each piece should be not less than 25g, 1 ~ 2 buds. After cutting, potato pieces should be mixed with plant ash or dry sand to collect moisture from the wound and prevent seed potatoes from rotting after sowing.

begin sowing in good time

Generally, it is sown in the middle and early March, and potatoes are vulnerable to freezing injury after premature germination. Sow 2 rows per ridge, the sowing amount is generally 1500 kg/ha, and the seedlings are protected from 52,500 to 60,000 plants/ha.

3. Tian Tuan management

(1) Break the membrane and release the seedlings. After the emergence of potatoes, it is necessary to break the film and release the seedlings in time to prevent high temperature from burning the seedlings. It is best to plant seedlings in sunny morning. The film opening should be 3 ~ 5 cm, and the nest should be sealed in time after seedling release, which is beneficial to improve the thermal insulation effect of plastic film and promote the vigorous growth of seedlings.

(2) intertillage weeding. When the seedling height is 3 ~ 5 cm, carry out intertillage weeding for 1 time; Carry out the second irrigation intertillage before closing the ridge; Carry out the third intertillage and shallow soil cultivation when budding.

(3) water and fertilizer. After potato emergence, urea 150 ~ 225 kg/ha was applied in the hole, and 450 kg/ha ammonium bicarbonate was applied in bud stage. If there is a spring drought, it is necessary to water the horse racing in time to promote the early listing of potato chips. In case of rainy weather, ditch cleaning and waterlogging elimination should be done in time.

(4) Prevention and control of pests and diseases. ① Late blight: Spraying 75% chlorothalonil, 53% Jin Lei Demi or 64% antivirus alum every 7 ~ 10d after germination. ② Early blight: At the initial stage of the disease, 500 times of 64% antiviral alum wettable powder was sprayed. ③ Twenty-eight-star ladybug: Spraying 2,500 times of 2.5% Kung Fu EC or 1000 times of 50% Phoxim EC for control. ④ Aphids: Spraying 50% pirimicarb 2000 times solution to kill aphids.

4. Harvesting early spring potatoes have been harvested in mid-June. At this time, the price of potatoes is high and the benefits are good.