Protection object of Maoershan National Nature Reserve in Guangxi

The main protection object of the reserve is the original subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem; Wild animal and plant species protected by the state; Water conservation forest at the source of Sanjiang River. Because of its special geographical location and high biodiversity conservation value, nature reserve is one of the best preserved areas of evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in the primary subtropical mountainous area in the world, and it is listed as one of the key areas of terrestrial biodiversity 14 and one of the hot areas of biodiversity 16 in China with international significance. 2,484 species of higher plants are known; There are 345 species of vertebrates, including 7 1 species of mammals, 0/45 species of birds and 39 species of reptiles, including 5 species under first-class protection and 32 species under second-class protection. There are 3300 known species of insects. Known as "the green treasure house of Nanling Mountains in China".

Maoershan forest area covers an area of nearly 400,000 mu, covering Yao nationality township, Jinshi township, Liangshui township, Chetian township, Zhongfeng township and Di Jiang township of Longsheng Autonomous County in Xing 'an County, of which 107450 mu is listed as a national nature reserve.

The Maoershan forest region is tall and straight, with deep valleys, slopes of 30 ~ 35 degrees, overhanging rock cliffs as high as 100 meters, and Qingquan Waterfall as high as tens of meters. In the Bajiaotian area with an altitude of1950 ~ 2000m, an intermountain basin with an area of about 3560mu is formed, with undulating hills and criss-crossing gullies. At an altitude of 1600 meters, there are 36 hills with deep clouds and dense forests and dense bamboo forests, covering an area of about 800 mu.

The climate in Maoershan forest region is complex, and local areas change greatly. The temperature difference between the top and bottom of the mountain and the valley can reach 10℃ ~ 14℃. The annual average temperature at the top of the mountain is about 7℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 23℃, the extreme minimum temperature is-0/9℃, the air pressure is about 800 mbar, the relative humidity is often above 90%, and the annual precipitation is 26549. Three quarters of the year is full of clouds, especially at the altitude of1000 ~ 2000m (8 ~ 28km along the highway), with only about 50% sunny days from July to September. 1 1 will enter the cold winter season, and it will snow and freeze for 4 months. The wind is strong all year round, and it increases with the elevation. Except for southerly winds in midsummer, northerly winds are dominant in other seasons. This special climatic condition forms the different characteristics of animals, plants and soil in Maoershan forest area. The soil in Maoershan forest area belongs to the mountain dwarf forest soil above 2000 meters above sea level. 2000 ~ 1800 m is subsurface yellow brown soil, in which there is deep peat soil (swamp soil) in Bajiaotian basin. 1800 ~ 1200m is mountainous yellow brown soil. 1200 ~ 700 meters is mountainous yellow soil, with occasional distribution of grass yellow soil. Below 700 meters are yellow red soil and mountain red soil. The soil-forming parent rocks are mostly hard granite above 1800 meters above sea level, and shale and slate appear around 1800 meters above sea level. Below 1800 meters above sea level, it is mostly soft granite, and there are sandstone and kaolin between about 900 meters. The whole forest area has loose and moist soil, high organic matter content and rich mineral nutrition, which provides superior conditions for plant growth and reproduction. Maoershan is an important water source forest area, especially in Bajiaotian basin, which has 1 120 mu of peat soil and has strong water storage and water conservation performance. The storage capacity is generally above 80% by volume, and the storage capacity in the worst dry season reaches 900,000 cubic meters, which is called "green natural reservoir" by the masses. There are 39 streams in the forest area, which are named "Jiang" and "He" by local people, among which 19 streams flow into Darongjiang to Lijiang River, which is the birthplace of Lijiang River. Maoershan forest region is rich in vegetation and complex in flora. There are 152 families, 374 genera, 747 species and 50 varieties. Among them, there are 534 species of woody plants in 87 families, mainly subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest, and some areas have evergreen conifers. Maoershan forest area is also a good breeding ground for precious animals and economic animals. According to the investigation and statistics of Guangxi precious animal resources investigation team 1978 in September, there are two species of animals 1 12, belonging to 4 classes, 22 orders and 46 families, among which golden pheasant is the first-class protected animal. There are 15 species of national second-class protected animals, such as crested deer, golden pheasant, macaque, rhesus monkey, bear, musk deer, giant salamander, water deer, gazelle, civet, golden cat, silver pheasant, golden rooster and pangolin. The unique flora and fauna community in subtropical high-altitude mountain areas formed in Maoershan forest area is not only a unique natural water source forest, but also a valuable scientific research site and a base for the utilization of wild resources. Maoershan Mountain has steep slopes and dense forests. You can see Guilin when you reach the peak on a sunny day. There is a TV relay station on the top of the mountain. Maoershan Nature Reserve has become an important part of Greater Guilin tourist area.

The nature reserve belongs to the monsoon climate zone in the humid mountainous area of the middle subtropical zone, with Maoershan as the highest peak and an altitude of 2 1.4 1.5m, making it the first peak in South China. Natural vegetation types mainly include coniferous forest, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, shrub and grass, etc. Artificial vegetation is mainly Cryptomeria fortunei forest and other timber forests. Protected areas are mainly distributed in mountain yellow red soil, mountain yellow soil, mountain yellow brown soil and mountain meadow soil.

The nature reserve is rich in resources, with 3 1 1 species of terrestrial vertebrates. At present, there are 36 species of national key protected wild animals, including 4 species of national first-class protected wild animals, such as white-necked pheasant, yellow-bellied pheasant, leopard and clouded leopard. There are 32 species of wild animals under national second-class protection, such as tiger frog, big civet, small civet, black bear, macaque and pangolin. There are 566 species of insects. * * * Wild vascular plants 1720 species, including ferns 132 species, gymnosperms 14 species and angiosperms 1574 species. Among them, there are five kinds of national first-class protected wild plants, such as Celastrus orbiculatus and Taxus chinensis. Taxus mairei, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus chinensis and aromatic fruit trees. There are 19 species of national second-class key protected wild plants, such as equisetum, nanmu, Guangdong five-needle pine, camphor and Camptotheca acuminata. There are 264 species of macrofungi.