Climate forming factors

The causes of climate change may be natural internal processes, external coercion, or man-made continuous changes in atmospheric composition and land use. Do you know what factors affect the formation of climate? I have sorted out the factors of climate formation here for your reference. I hope you get something from reading!

Factors affecting climate formation, radiation factors

Solar radiation is the source of ground and atmospheric heat energy, and the difference of ground heat budget is an important reason affecting climate formation. For the whole earth, the balance of ground heat is zero, but for different regions, the heat received by the ground is different, which will have an impact on the formation of climate. At the same time, the ground continuously exchanges heat with the atmosphere after receiving heat, and each component in the heat balance process also has an important influence on climate formation.

Geographical factor

The influence of geographical factors on climate formation is manifested in geographical latitude, land and sea distribution, topography and ocean currents, etc. The influence of geographical factors on climate formation can be attributed to radiation factors in the final analysis. Different geographical latitudes receive different heat, resulting in different climates; Because of the different thermodynamic properties between the ocean and the mainland, such as volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity, the climate between the ocean and the mainland is very different. Comparatively speaking, the daily range of the mainland and annual range are larger than the ocean. Temperature annual range is an important indicator to distinguish continental climate from maritime climate. In addition, the mainland is the heat source in summer and the ocean is the heat source in winter. Heat source is beneficial to the formation and strengthening of low-pressure system, and cold source is beneficial to the formation and strengthening of high-pressure system. The distribution of land and ocean divides the planetary wind belt into several high and low pressure activity centers, which has an important influence on climate formation. In addition, the different distribution of land and sea also affects weather changes. The influence of topography on climate formation lies in that at high altitude, direct solar radiation increases, scattered radiation decreases, temperature decreases and humidity decreases. Different landforms have different effects on climate, and the plateau has obvious effects on climate. The effects of ocean currents on climate are mainly humidity and heat.

Circulation factor

Including atmospheric circulation and weather system, the factors affecting climate are temperature, rainfall, air pressure and wind.

Solar radiation factor, underlying surface factor, atmospheric circulation factor and human activity factor.

Solar radiation factor is the basic power source of climate. These factors include latitude, the weakening effect of the atmosphere on solar radiation and so on.

Underlying surface factors play a very important role in climate formation. These factors include: ocean currents, ground vegetation, and the absorption and reflection of solar radiation by the underlying surface.

The atmospheric circulation factor itself is an integral part of climate, which has a direct impact on the formation of climate in a certain place. The main factors are: the average state of air mass, the average state of air flow and so on.

Air flow coefficient

Due to the influence of equatorial low pressure belt/subtropical high pressure belt/subtropical low pressure belt/polar high pressure belt

Dry-wet effect of dry polar easterly wind/trade wind in three-circle circulation.

Seasonal variation of three-circle circulation

Underlying surface condition

Human activities

Land and sea location

Because the ocean and the mainland have different thermodynamic characteristics, such as volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity, they are significantly different, so the climate between them is very different. Comparatively speaking, the daily range of the mainland and annual range are larger than the ocean. Temperature annual range is an important indicator to distinguish continental climate from maritime climate. Moreover, the mainland is a heat source in summer and the ocean is a heat source in winter. Heat source is beneficial to the formation and strengthening of low-pressure system, and cold source is beneficial to the formation and strengthening of high-pressure system. The distribution of land and sea divides the planetary wind belt into several high and low pressure activity centers, which has a direct and important impact on the formation of the world monsoon climate. For example, the most typical monsoon climate in eastern and southern Asia is a good example.

topography

It plays an important role in the formation of local climate. For example, the sunny slope effect and shady slope effect, windward slope and leeward slope effect in mountain climate. Generally speaking, the terrain mainly blocks and lifts the airflow. The influence of topography on climate formation is high altitude, less clouds, enhanced direct solar radiation, reduced scattered radiation, lower temperature and lower humidity. Different landforms have different effects on climate, and the plateau has obvious effects on climate.

The climate characteristic of China is 1. The climate is complex and diverse. China has a vast territory, a wide latitude and a long distance from the sea. In addition, the terrain is different, the terrain types and mountains are diverse, so the combination of temperature and precipitation is also diverse, forming a diverse climate. In terms of climate types, the east belongs to monsoon climate (which can be divided into subtropical monsoon climate, temperate monsoon climate and tropical monsoon climate), the northwest belongs to temperate continental climate, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau belongs to alpine climate. According to the temperature zone, there are tropical zone, subtropical zone, warm temperate zone, middle temperate zone, cold temperate zone and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Divided from dry and wet areas, there are humid areas, semi-humid areas, semi-arid areas and arid areas. In addition, the same temperature zone can contain different dry zones and wet zones; There are different temperature zones in the same dry and wet area. Therefore, under the same climate type, there will also be differences in heat and humidity. The complexity and diversity of terrain also make the climate more complex and diverse.

2. Monsoon climate is remarkable. China's climate is characterized by high temperature and rainy summer and cold and little rain in winter, and the high temperature period is consistent with the rainy period. Because China is located in the largest continent in the world? East of Eurasia, in the largest ocean in the world? The west coast of the Pacific Ocean and the southwest are also close to the Indian Ocean, so the climate is greatly influenced by the mainland and the ocean. In winter, the north wind blows from the mainland to the ocean, and in summer, the south wind blows from the ocean to the land. Winter winds are produced in the interior of Asia, which is cold and dry. Under its influence, there is little precipitation and low temperature in most parts of China in winter, especially in the north. The summer monsoon comes from the Pacific Ocean in the southeast and the Indian Ocean in the southwest, and it is warm and humid. Under its influence, precipitation generally increases, with rain and heat in the same period (except in non-monsoon areas). China is widely influenced by the alternation of winter and summer monsoon, which is the most remarkable and typical region in the world. Compared with other parts of the world at the same latitude, the temperature in China is low in winter and high in summer, with a large annual variation, and precipitation is concentrated in summer, which is the characteristic of continental climate. Therefore, the monsoon climate in China is continental, which is also called continental monsoon climate.

Advantages of Climatic Conditions The complicated and diverse climate makes most crops, animals and plants in the world find suitable places to grow in China, which makes China rich in crops, animals and plants resources. For example, corn, whose hometown is in Mexico, is widely planted in China and has become one of the important food crops in China. Sweet potato was first introduced in Zhejiang and widely planted in China. The remarkable characteristics of monsoon climate in China also provide favorable conditions for agricultural production in China. Due to the high temperature and superior heat conditions in summer, many crops with high heat conditions in China are located at latitudes far higher than those in other countries with the same latitude in the world. For example, 52 can grow rice? Planting in Huma County, Heilongjiang Province. It is rainy in summer, and the high temperature period is consistent with the rainy period, which is beneficial to the growth and development of crops. For example, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China have a warm and humid climate and rich products, which belong to subtropical monsoon climate, while North Africa (Sahara Desert) and Arabian Peninsula at the same latitude are mostly arid and semi-arid desert landscapes.

Although the climate in China is beneficial to the development of agricultural production in many ways, it also has disadvantages. Frequent disastrous weather in China often has adverse effects on China's production, construction and people's lives. Among them, drought, flood, cold wave and typhoon are the main disastrous weather that have great influence on China.

Drought and flood disasters occur once a year on average in China, with more in the north and less in the south (drought case: Yunnan).

In summer and autumn, the southeastern and southern coastal areas of China are often hit by tropical storms? The attack of typhoon. A typhoon (called a typhoon when a tropical storm develops to a particularly strong intensity) is 6? September is the most frequent.

In autumn and winter in China, cold air from Mongolia and Siberia keeps going south. When the cold air is particularly strong, the temperature suddenly drops, resulting in a cold wave (that is, the winter wind). Cold wave will cause low temperature, strong wind, sandstorm, frost and other disasters.