Geographical environment of Yishui county

There are 3 soil types in Yishui County, 1 1 subclass, 17 soil genera and 67 soil species. Mainly brown soil.

Brown soil (a) Soil type: the area is 1454677 mu, accounting for 47.7% of the available area. It is distributed in 29 towns and villages except Wangzhuang and Wangjia Zhuangzi. There is no brown soil in these towns and villages, but most of them are concentrated on acid rock weathering materials such as granite and gneiss east of yi river, and a few are distributed on sandstone, shale and syenite. There are 4 subtypes, 7 soil genera and 26 soil species in the county.

Brown soil subclass (Aa): area 1 145842 mu, accounting for 78.77% of the total brown soil area in the county. Mostly distributed in the middle and upper parts of low hills, commonly known as "mountain sand", "white sand" and "Maya sand". It is characterized by incomplete development of soil profile; Thin soil layer; There is a lot of coarse sand and gravel in the soil; Low nutrient content and poor water retention; Serious soil erosion; Groundwater is scarce. Yishui county belongs to the warm temperate monsoon climate zone, with a continental degree of 62.4%, which has obvious continental climate characteristics: the four seasons change obviously, the spring is dry and prone to spring drought; Summer is hot and humid, with concentrated rainfall; Autumn is crisp, often with autumn drought; Winter is dry and cold, with little rain and snow.

Climate characteristics of the four seasons in Yishui County: early spring was influenced by the strong pressure of Mongolia, and the climate recovered slowly; At the end of spring, it is more and more influenced by warm air, and the temperature rises rapidly, and it is southerly, dry and rainy, and there is often drought, which affects spring sowing. The average annual precipitation in spring is11.6 mm, accounting for 14.5% of the annual precipitation and 3.8 times of the winter precipitation. summer Rain and heat are synchronized, and rainfall is concentrated. The common disastrous weather in summer is drought, flood, strong wind and hail. In autumn, the temperature drops sharply, the precipitation decreases obviously, and the air is crisp in autumn, which is beneficial to the autumn harvest. Frost often appears in late autumn. Winter is very cold, with little rain and snow, mainly dry and cold weather. The monthly average temperature is below 0℃, the coldest is 65438+ 10 month, and the average temperature for many years is -2.8℃. The average annual precipitation is 29.0mm, accounting for only 3.8% of the annual precipitation.

surface water

Yishui County is rich in precipitation, with an average annual precipitation of about 800 mm and an average annual water production of 65.438+94.2 million cubic meters. Due to the different landforms in the county, the size of surface runoff varies greatly, and the average runoff depth for many years is between 300-500mm (coefficient of variation CV=0.53Cs=2CV). The average annual runoff is 735 million cubic meters. The inflow of guest water is 360.4 million cubic meters. Since 1952, the county has built two large reservoirs, one medium reservoir 1 seat, one small reservoir 147, one pond dam 1494 and two barrage dams, with a total storage capacity of 723 million cubic meters. In addition, there are 622 large and small rivers, and the water surface of the Tang King is more than 4,000 mu.

underground water

The total reserve of groundwater resources in Yishui County is 5120,000 cubic meters, and the total reserve modulus is 0.0021100,000 cubic meters /km2? , the static reserves are 42.65438+0 billion cubic meters, the dynamic reserves are 0.0079 cubic meters, the regulated reserves are 0.924 cubic meters, the average recoverable amount for many years is 65.438+0./kloc-0.40 billion cubic meters, and the annual recoverable amount is 74 million cubic meters, accounting for 64.9% of the recoverable amount. The groundwater in the county belongs to calcium bicarbonate type water, and its PH value is between 7. 1 ~ 8. 1, which is weakly alkaline. Individual is between 6.6 and 7.0, showing weak acidity. Most of the total hardness is between 8.5- 15.9 German degrees, which belongs to medium hard water, and a few are between 4.2-8.4 German degrees, which belongs to soft water. Only Huimin Street and tannery are over 25.2 Degrees, which belongs to extremely hard water. The total salinity in most parts of the county is less than 0.5g·L, and it belongs to fresh water, which can be used for human and animal drinking water and industrial and agricultural water, except for a few cases where it is more than1g L.. In Yishui county, 32 kinds of mineral resources with mining value have been proved, including radioactive minerals 1 species and 6 kinds of metal minerals. There are 25 kinds of nonmetallic minerals, and 20 kinds have been developed and utilized.

The gold reserve of Yishui County, a metal mineral, is about 3,000 kilograms. It is mainly distributed in Xiaoyao, Dayao, Yanjiaguanzhuang and Xiaohe in Xujiahu Township (from Chenjia Zhuangzi in Xujiahu Township in the north to Xuejiamazhuang in Silibao Town in the south, about 16 km long) and Sanshan Guanzhuang and Changjiagou in Yishui Town.

non-metallic minerals

Granite, limestone, basalt, timely sandstone, potash feldspar, albite, timely, vermiculite, porcelain stone, garnet, fluorite (fluorite 0, zeolite, sericite quartz schist, yellow sand, mica, asbestos, barite, crystal, shale, talc, bentonite, brick clay, phosphate rock and mineral water, etc. animal

The common mammals in Yishui County are rabbits, weasels, foxes, wolves, badgers and hedgehogs. Reptiles include snakes, lizards, geckos, scorpions and crabs. Amphibians include frogs and toads. Pests and their natural enemies mainly include cicadas, mantis, butterflies, crickets, dragonflies, bees and so on. There are 35 species of birds in 12 order and 19 family. Common ones are sparrows, magpies, swallows, grey magpies, eagles, owls, woodpeckers, turtledoves, cuckoos, orioles, quails and pigeons. There are 35 species of fish in 6 orders 1 1 family. Naturally propagated are carp, crucian carp, catfish and catfish. Snakehead, pike, mandarin fish, sand stick, wheat ear and shrimp, loach, turtle, etc. The main varieties of artificial culture are green grass, silver carp, bighead carp, carp, trout, tilapia and rainbow trout.

plant

Yishui county is rich in wild plant resources. There are more than 0/00 species of herbaceous plants/kloc-,and there are more than 30 dominant plants that can form plant communities, and their distribution is relatively regular. How long there are yellow-backed grass, dandelion, Zoysia japonica, Lingwei vegetable, Bidens bipinnata, cornflower, Dianthus chinensis and so on. Bothriochloa ischaemum, Sanguisorba officinalis, Carex and Sabina vulgaris are common in shady slopes. There are many weeds, Gabon, gray vegetables and salsola in the mud of the river beach and river. Zoysia, thatch and green bristlegrass are common in yellow soil. On barren hillsides and roadsides, there are grasses, wild ancient grasses, dog skins and so on. Woody plants mainly include Robinia pseudoacacia, pine, poplar, willow, elm, catalpa bungeana, tung tree, willow, Sophora japonica, peach, apricot, pear, apple, hawthorn, persimmon, chestnut, walnut, jujube, Toona sinensis, pepper and grape. There are wild shrubs, such as pineapple, kudzu vine, Vitex negundo and Bai La.

Aquatic plants mainly include reed, cattail, lotus root, lotus flower and duckweed. There are more than 500 kinds of wild Chinese herbal medicines, mainly including Ziziphus Spinosae, Platycodon grandiflorum, Polygalae, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Scrophularia, Scrophularia, honeysuckle, Scutellaria baicalensis, Bupleurum, Aristolochia and so on. Among them, the output of Zizyphus jujuba with high medicinal value ranks second in all counties in the province.