If you have studied Fuzhou dialect, please briefly introduce the following Fuzhou dialect.

Fuzhou dialect is one of the Min dialects, and it is the representative of Min Dong dialect. Min dialect is a branch of Chinese dialect, which is divided into eastern Fujian dialect, southern Fujian dialect and northern Fujian dialect. Fuzhou dialect is popular in Fuzhou and eight cities (cities) such as Minhou, Changle, Fuqing, Pingtan, Yongtai, Minqing and Luoyuan, as well as Gutian, Pingnan, Nanping, Fuan, Ningde, Zhouning, Shouning, Zherong, Xiapu and Fuding. Coverage accounts for more than one fifth of Fujian's area.

In the history of Fujian, because of the overlapping mountains and rivers and the traffic congestion, the region was isolated and the dialects were fragmented, and it was often the case that a stream or a heavy mountain had homophones and different accents. Therefore, Fuzhou dialect can be divided into Fuzhou dialect and Minhou dialect, Changle dialect, Fuqing dialect, Pingtan dialect, Yongtai dialect, Minqing dialect, Luoyuan dialect and so on.

Among Chinese dialects, Fuzhou dialect not only has a long history, but also has rich vocabulary, diverse styles and complicated pronunciation, which fascinates many experts who study ancient Chinese. Historically, because the Central Plains culture has entered Fujian several times, Fuzhou dialect not only retains many old traces of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of ancient Chinese, but also retains some characteristics of ancient Chinese. It is one of the dialects with the most preserved medieval sounds (or Tang sounds), and many basic words that can be seen in ancient books have been used by Fuzhou dialect to this day. For example, chopsticks are called chopsticks, sons are called sons, pots are called clams, scissors are called reamers and so on.

As a quantifier, it is rare in ancient Chinese after the pre-Qin period, but it is still reserved in Fuzhou dialect and is still widely used so far, such as calling "ten" as "seventeen" and "eighteen people" as "eighteen". In Fuzhou dialect, the word "rain" is called "Yu Tong" (or "stop rain"), while the word "tong" comes from "drip", which is pronounced as "tok" in Zhuo Fuzhou dialect, "tog" when it turns positive, and generally written as "tong". If you lose the saying "Eight Buildings" in Fuzhou, you will lose it. "Losing three and pulling four" is actually "losing three and pulling four". The lost Fuzhou dialect "Paitonglu" and the Guangzhou dialect "Tongluolu" are a kind of phonology.

Japanese mostly uses the pronunciation of China in the middle Tang Dynasty, such as the word "Xiu". Japanese, like Fuzhou dialect, is pronounced "rust". After a while, Fuzhou said "it's been a long time", and Fuqing and Pingtan said "it will get old soon". "Xu" actually means crawling and blinking. The word "ancient" of "ancient" is the word "long" in Minnan dialect, and "carved" does not refer to the time when the ancient leaky pot is found, nor is it a word for timing. When people die, they close their eyes and call it "going to sleep". "An ancient moment" means "sleeping for a long time". What do you mean "later"? The word "Hui" is written on the bottom of the pot, with a steamer in the middle and a lid on it, which means a complete set of cookware, meaning "Hui" and "Yue", so for a while, it means "sleeping for a long time". "Talent" means "wealth" in Fuzhou dialect, and Fuqing and Pingtan mean "disaster". A picture was added in the middle of the Sichuan character, which was written as "fff", indicating that the waterway was blocked and turned into a fire. It is neither like the shape of "the beginning of vegetation" in Shuowen nor like the shape of the apparatus guessed in Oracle Dictionary. In ancient times, "talent" has the same origin as "righteousness" and "disaster", which can be used to explain injury or disaster. For example, in Tunnan, Oracle Bone Inscriptions said that "the king of Xin Chou Town is very talented", and here the word "talent" is used to illustrate the harm.

The use of noun affixes, such as "chair" (stool), "child" (child) and "house" (small house), is roughly equivalent to the function word "zi" or "er" in Mandarin.

Verbs have special uses. Verbs placed in front of verbs to indicate the perfect tense are more common in Fuzhou dialect, such as "I received your approval" (I received your letter), "I just talked about it" (I talked to you not long ago) and "Do you know nothing about food?" Have you had dinner? ), "Have you ever seen a movie?" Have you seen this movie? The sentence pattern of "subject date predicate date object date object" in Putonghua often adds a preposition "* * *" or "A" in Fuzhou dialect, such as "I * * * discuss with you" (I discuss with you) and "I * * * your family is so good" (I am very affectionate with you).

The verb "qu" is often used as a complement in Fuzhou dialect, indicating that the action has become a result. Such as "the disease has gone" (the disease has recovered) and "ran away" (slipped away).

The phenomenon of advanced objects is more common, such as "buy two Jin of shrimp skin" (buy two Jin of shrimp skin) and "buy 1 double bowl" (buy a pair of bowls).

There are many inverted sentences, such as "happy" (like), "washing hands and feet", "washing hands and feet", "boating" (ferry) and so on.

Comparative sentences in Min dialect have a special structure. Such as: "I think I am fat (he thinks I am fat)," You think I talk too much "(you think I talk too much).

Qi Lin Bayin, a rhyme book of Fuzhou dialect compiled in the late Ming Dynasty, is not much different from modern Fuzhou dialect, and it is still used as a rhyme basis by Fujian opera artists. Fuzhou dialect has 36 vowels, 15 initial consonants, and there are 8 tones according to the eight tones of Kirin. Of the 36 vowels, 3 1 is the same as Mandarin. At present, there are only four tones in Mandarin: flat tone, rising tone, rising tone and falling tone, and there is no entering tone. Fuzhou dialect still completely retains the entering tone of middle ancient Chinese.

Fuzhou dialect is one of the eight major dialects in Chinese, which was stereotyped in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and occupies an important position in Fujian dialect.

Fuzhou dialect is the lingua franca of the old Fuzhou mansion in the lower reaches of Minjiang River, and the whole eastern Fujian region is designated as the representative dialect. It is popular in five districts, two cities and six counties in Fuzhou today, and can be understood by two cities and five counties under Ningde today. Some towns and villages in Taishun County, Pingyang County and Cangnan County, Zhejiang Province, outside the eastern Fujian dialect area, also have access to Fuzhou dialect. As for northern Fujian, such as Youxi, Jian 'ou, Shaxian, Shunchang and Jiangle. Fuzhou dialect is the second dialect, and overseas Chinese who went out from the eastern Fujian dialect area spread Fuzhou dialect all over the world.

Frequent terminology

astronomy

Sun-Sun

Sunny-sunny, sunny.

Make a wind platform-wind platform

Time (Rain)-Thunderstorm

28 days-the weather is pleasant in spring and autumn

Tide change-against the tide

Autumn baking-hot weather after autumn

Hanging in the sun-sunny and cloudy

Frost-frost

Become a torrent

Lemon.-It's raining.

Days in the South-Warm weather in winter

White dew and crimson-white dew and hot weather

Sunflower-sunshine under thin clouds

It's very cold.

Cloudy-cloudy

Light in the sky-dawn

light rain

geography

Pingyang-a large area of flat land

Garden-dry land, garden

Jiangqian-binjiang

Sand coating-sand

broken stone

Look at the clumps-broken tiles

mud

Rising water-rising tide

Boil soup-boiled water

Sucheng shai Liang Chang

Tian Yang-a large flat rice field.

Town boundary (dish)

Mountain fair-at the foot of the mountain

Stone eggs-= = pebbles

Soup-Hot spring, hot water, soup

(of the tide) ebb

On the street.-On the street

Light aluminum

Cheng-a venue, a yard.

time

This year-this year

end of the year

The day after tomorrow-the day after tomorrow

Day-morning

At night.

Half a degree-late at night

The next (second) day-in the future, tomorrow

A day-a day or two.

Old base-before, before.

soon

Go (2) to help-previously

Uh-now.

Year-beginning of the year

Mindan-Tomorrow

Get up early-in the morning

The next afternoon.

Tou- the first night

Tail hand-later

For a long time

All day.-all day.

location

Location-location

Bottom potential-internal

Front bucket-front

Ground pocket-on the ground

Complete (fourth) life-four miles around

Niaozuimen

Corner-corner, corner

Zhuo Wei.-Last one.

Back corner of the door-behind the door

back-to-back

Xiqian-binjiang

Suspended roof-above

External bucket-external

Front (head) front

Side pocket-side pocket

Close the pockets.-nearby.

Central Taichung-Central Taichung

Half in the middle.-half in the middle

Daotou-wharf, ferry

house

Cuo-Wu, Jia

Tianxing tile-skylight

Terrace-balcony

Door leaf-door leaf

A secluded pavilion-a side hall

Dung toilet

Firewall (package)-wind firewall

Theater stage

Soft board-ceiling

Tile roof-roof

Step bucket-indoor fixed stairs

Threshold door (door)-window

Hua Ting-living room

Kitchen.-Kitchen

Start-building a house

Make a head start-the corridor in the house

device

Rack furniture

Canopy-rattan bed

Felt blanket

Hangpu-portable bed

Moon table-big round table

Chair bar-bench

Ding Gui-Cooking broom

Ding Shu-spatula

Oil monkey kerosene lamp

Spontaneous matches

Brown Recommended-Brown Pad

Deck bedplate

Signature desk-large writing desk

Bucket-bucket

Gangpo-haiwan

Coffee table-coffee table

Pure yarn ball

Comb comb

Keys.-Keys

Fire tube-blow tube

Luopen-washbasin

According to-crutches

Ka-small motorboat

Raft-raft

Needle nose-needle eye

Mirror box-cosmetic box

Wind pump

Flour bucket-wooden washbasin

Bang-chopsticks cage

Reamer scissors

Spoon.-Spoon

animal

Main animals-livestock

Male duck, male duck

Creek river eel

Youth Olympic Games-A Small Mussel

Silkworm cocoon-silkworm

Scylla serrata?

Winter chicken squid

Dried shrimp skin

Mud butterfly-green dragonfly

Only sparrows

Clam cockroach

Yezhu brothers

Bitch.-Bitch

Waterfowl-frog

Small river crab

Baba drum hammer-tadpole

Cao Meng grasshopper

Pteris rubra-centipede

Leech-leech, leech

Flea.-Flea

Fly-fly

Female lice

Soil dog-mole cricket

Blue-tailed star-firefly

Culture-myna

Oyster pestle-fresh oysters with shells

Moliang-small squid

Bullhead bee-bumblebee

Wind mosquito-mosquito

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

Old kite

Pond horseshoe crab-catfish

plant

Sweet oil bud corn

Taro egg-small taro

Wide melon-wax gourd

Seed melon-melon

Pepper pepper

Ai Cai Wally

Berry water chestnut-water chestnut

Orange.-orange

Yellow pear pineapple

polished glutinous rice

Sweet potato-potato

Cucumber pumpkin

Melon-bergamot

Chinese cabbage-Chinese cabbage

Bamboo shoots-Zizania latifolia

Spring vegetable lettuce

Jasmine-Jasmine

Bamboo shoots-bamboo shoots

Pod bowl

Beet grass

Yellow Bomb-Huangpi Fruit

Carex-seaweed

Dendrocalamus latiflorus-Phyllostachys pubescens

Mi-duckweed

Sunflower —— A Broad-leaved Vegetable

Black bean-black bean

Water spinach-water spinach

Sweet potato-red sweet potato

Moral quality

Husband Nong Man

Old Nong-the old man

Waijiangnong-a foreigner

Single brother.-Single man

China code-figure

Widow.-Widow

Daxinong-his family

Tap water smuggler

Midwife.-Midwife

Zhunongkou-girl, daughter

Two voices-people who speak different languages

The next eight holes-inferior people

Short legs-short people

Marriage-a close and friendly person

Companion-companion, companion

Long-term staff

Looking in the dark-witch

Adopted daughter and maid

Trailer driver

Vegetarian women-vegetarian female heads of households

Danon.-Bad guy

Lost-black sheep

Lamar-pickpocket

Begging for food-beggars

White flour (elder brother)-* female

Gardener-gardener, gardener

Tu-Master Mei Sen

Just Agriculture-An Honest Man

Ke Fan-Overseas Chinese

Xipoyao

Street punk

title

Balang-father

Aunt Yan, aunt

Uncle-brother-in-law

Aunt mu-sister-in-law

Uncle.-Uncle

Husband.-husband

grandmother

Zhang Nong-father-in-law, father-in-law

Lang Nai-Mother

Uncle, grandpa

Yipo(M)- the old lady

Uncle Xi-brother and brother-in-law

Sun-grandson, nephew

Parents-grandparents

Mom-wife

Bride and daughter-in-law

Mother-in-law

Dagong-great-grandfather

Stepmother-Stepmother, Stepmother

Hou Bo-Stepfather

In-laws' uncle-wife's uncle

Grandmother-ancestor (female)

Auntie Niang-Auntie

Huibo-the father of friends

Great-aunt

Menstruation-menstruation, mother's menstruation

Girl-little wife

Sister Xi- concubine

Meet mother-a friend's mother.

prescribe a diet

Eat early-eat early and drink early.

Cereal porridge-a plate of porridge

Cooking-steamed rice

Rice grain-uncooked rice

Rotting bamboo

Fried fruit-fritters

Light cake-small salty sesame cake

Bianrou wonton

Tiger leg meat

Top row-lean meat with spine

Daytime-lunch and dinner

Rice-cold rice, leftovers

Candy sweet rice cake

Sliced noodles

Dried vermicelli

Spring pancake-spring rolls

Swallow skin-minced meat wonton skin

Bad fish-red fermented fish

Dried bean curd-fried bean curd

Sweet potato burning-sweet potato sprinkling

Sweet potato money-flaky dried sweet potato

Sweet potato is cooked and dried sweet potato.

Tea fried fritters

Menggao-fagao

Hey-eat (swear)

Onion beads-chopped green onion

Inferior Vegetables-Pickles and Sauerkraut

Ice chopsticks-popsicle

Bean sprouts-bean sprouts

Xiangganlu dried bean curd

Swing-re-cooking

daily life

Cough mouthwash

Noodle soup-face washing water

Food fumigation-smoking

Visit-play.

Turn around.-Go home

Surfing-diving

Wash your face.-Wash your face

towel

Eat-eat

Do it smoothly-just kidding.

Shave one's head-get a haircut

Swimming-swimming

Sunbathing-sunbathing

A sleepy day-a nap

Crazy sleep-talking in your sleep

Rest.-Rest

Here we go.-sorry.

Human feelings-red envelopes, gifts

Begging-communication

Make friends-contacts

Dog barking-nonsense

Suffer indignities-get angry

Deceiving death-playing dumb

Exquisite-polite, careful

Cleaning the feces-taking out the garbage

Guest.-Guest

Become broad-show off

Primitive-strange

Thick-skinned-thick-skinned, shy

Making noodles-surface topping

Use your beak-take a message

Dress

Fur coat-fur robe

Button button

Open-leg pants-open-crotch pants

Dry urine cloth

Shoe cover-rain boots

Belly pocket

Tie your feet.-Leggings

Sweater shirt

Pants.-Pants

crotch (of trousers)

Half pants-inner shorts

Scarf.-Scarf

Metaphyseal end bandage-foot wrap

Bowl hat-melon hat

Sweat handkerchief

Qi Mei-Liu Haier

Hug skirt-baby apron

Buckle-snap fastener

human body

Face to face

Snail hair curl

Eyes-eyes

Eyelid-eyelash

Eye water-vision

My eyes-tears

Eye oil-tears in your eyes

Nose-nose, snot

Nose water-thin nose

drink a toast

Skin of beak and lip

Alveolar gill-gill group

Dental seat glue

Ear cavity-ear hole

Beak beard

Beak code-eloquence

shoulder to shoulder

Underarm-underarm

Hand, leg-arm

Thumb brother-Thumb

Before the heart-before the chest

Abdominal navel-navel

Abdominal intestine-intestine

Cave calf

Epiphyseal nail-toenail

Metaphyseal end-sole

Metaphyseal end-knee

Mandibular-crotch

Furukawa donkey

A good friend-a man and a woman

disease

Break the disease-get sick

Sick.-Sick

Fear-fear of the cold

Cold-cold

Cold accumulation-indigestion due to cold

Crazy.-crazy

Raw prickly heat-long prickly heat

Bruising-subcutaneous congestion

Frozen children-chilblain

Disease-fear of happiness

Disgusting shit-stunting

Sick and dumb

Headless god-forgetfulness

Fly shit-freckles

Pig's head-Gillitis

Sheep vertigo

Purulent washing, swelling

enterocele

Green blindness-blindness, blindness

Pockmarked face-pockmarked face

Hairy baldness

Lickitung-Lickitung

Without grazing, there is no treatment.

Pinch medicine-grab medicine

Feel the pulse.-Feel the pulse

Get better.

Dislocation of wheel

scab

Tea Cave —— Simple Chinese Herbal Medicine

Suffer from heatstroke

Urination-bed wetting, urinary incontinence

Coffee blood-vomiting blood

Pork column-acne

Proverbs

Seven lives and eight lives, Fuzhou can't leave.

Iron hits Yanping mansion, paper pastes Fuzhou city (Nanping is difficult to attack, Fuzhou is easy to lose).

Don't hit the snake for three points.

The meal is being cooked and the salary is still there.

Hang the shuttlecock under the bed flat (the shuttlecock under the bed is the same height, regardless of height).

Seven elder brothers ask myna * * * you are similar (conservatives just want to be as good as others).

The unity of mind and soul scares the bodhisattva (a clear conscience is not afraid of ghosts and gods)

Passing through the country, my relatives fainted.

The wind blows the bamboo and starves Brother Shan.

It would be better to get the master's will.

Lose the bet on poor people, bark at dogs and bark at fools.

The dead go far away, and the living eat.

There is a long queue to meet relatives, and only two people are left to meet the bride.

Black and white, sex is nowhere to be made.

Yanping Building, Tieda Paper Factory, Fuzhou City.

I don't care if there is no rice in my hand.

Although the soup is hot, it is still water. Although the rice grains are frozen, they will stick firmly.

Although the tiger is bad, it doesn't bite, and the blacksmith doesn't cut (kill) the knife.

Never do anything wrong for a lifetime, and it's not an accident to open the door for half a night.

Three humans are divided into seven parts, and seven humans don't need to pretend.

Seeing that Mr. Destiny died halfway, Mr. Geography had nowhere to be buried.

Cangshan looks at horses, while Punei looks at boats.

Cow's head and horse's face are mother's milk, and rouge powder belongs to others.

Civil servants put pen to paper in the world, and military commanders use knives to keep them safe.

Filial piety begets filial piety, which is contrary to life.

It is predestined to meet thousands of miles away, but there is no chance to meet.

There are other short sentences, such as:

Lanterns in the city, bones in the countryside.

The dead mouth of a duck is always flat when it is dressed.

The tiles are also in the middle of the table.

The moonlight shines everywhere.

Gold is red and silver is white.

Wear it if you want.

Monks are made of people.

A good drum needs no heavy hammer.

Broken drums will always save the moon.

Ninety-nine and one hundred.

When grandma died, Qin Qin knocked at the door (the sound of knocking on an instrument), and the owner died and was very lonely.

If you have money, you will speak in a jingle; if you have no money, no one will listen.

People change when they get into a sedan chair.

First the favor, then the debt.

It is better to hit (offend) the first day than to hit (offend) the fifteenth.

Speaking hard words softly will make you anxious and sweat-free.

Wearing a hat on Gushan will make you hungry.

Thunder strikes autumn, but if it is late, it will be confiscated

Spend a hundred dollars, save a penny.

A thousand credit points are not worth 800 cash.

Although the river is big, the bows will collide.

The rich sleep for half a night, and the poor get up at night.

First pass ginseng, second pass tea.

There are big and small yamen, and the statutes are always average.