The current status and trends of the development of building energy conservation and green buildings in my country?

Our country is currently in the process of rapid urbanization, and the scale of urban and rural construction continues to expand, accompanied by a large consumption of land, energy, water and other resources and a huge impact on the ecological environment. Taking building energy conservation and green buildings as the starting point and properly handling energy resources and environmental issues in the process of urban and rural construction and development are crucial to ensuring my country's energy security and improving the quality of urbanization development. 1. Overall situation of building energy conservation and green building development in my country (1) Overall characteristics of building energy consumption Building energy consumption mainly includes energy consumed by building heating, air conditioning, hot water, lighting and various electrical appliances used in buildings. Building energy consumption is closely related to regional climate characteristics, urban planning, thermal performance of building envelopes and efficiency of energy-using equipment, building usage functions and energy-using behavior of users. Our country has a vast territory and a complex climate. It spans multiple climate zones from north to south, including severe cold, cold, hot summers and cold winters, hot summers and warm winters, and mild climates. Compared with regions at the same latitude in the world, winters are colder and summers are hotter, and the regional economy The obvious differences in levels and living habits have led to the following main characteristics of building energy consumption in my country: First, there is a large difference in building energy consumption between the north and the south. In the north, heating energy consumption is dominated in winter, while in the south, air conditioning energy consumption is dominated in summer; second, There is a big difference between urban and rural building energy consumption. In cities, coal, electricity, oil and other commodity energy consumption is the main consumption. In rural areas, in addition to partial use of commodity energy, straw, firewood and other biomass energy are still used in large quantities. Third, residential buildings and public buildings are still used. ***Building energy consumption varies significantly, and residential building energy consumption is closely related to residents' lifestyles. (2) The total energy consumption of buildings is large and growing rapidly. According to estimates, in 2014, the total energy consumption of buildings in the country accounted for about 20% of the final energy consumption of the whole society. For example, if the terminal energy generated in the production, transportation, and conversion processes is Including losses, the proportion will further increase. It is one of the three key energy consumption areas in my country. Compared with 2000, the total energy consumption of buildings in 2014 has approximately doubled, and will continue to grow. The main reasons are: first, the accelerated urbanization process, and the construction area continues to grow rapidly. In 2014, the completed housing area of ????my country's entire society reached 35.5 billion square meters, the growth of total building volume has led to rapid growth in energy consumption. Second, with the improvement of people's living standards and building service levels, the increase in energy-consuming equipment in buildings has led to an increase in building energy consumption. For example, the number of air conditioners owned by every 100 urban residents increased from 30.8 units in 2000 to 126.8 units in 2012, an increase of more than three times. Third, the increasing requirements of urban and rural residents for indoor comfort in buildings have led to rapid growth in energy consumption. For example, the Yangtze River Basin used to be a non-heating area, but now heating demand is gradually increasing in winter, resulting in rapid growth in heating energy consumption. Fourth, building energy consumption in rural areas has increased significantly, with the proportion rising from 31% in 2001 to over 60% in 2014. Rural buildings in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Xinjiang and other places use more than 30 kilograms of coal for heating per square meter per year. Including lighting, cooking, home appliances and other daily energy consumption, the proportion of commodity energy consumption exceeds 70%. Judging from the situation in developed countries, with the development of economy and society, the construction industry will gradually surpass industry and transportation to become a key energy-consuming industry, accounting for more than 40% of the final energy consumption of the whole society. (3) The level of building energy conservation and greening is still low. Building energy conservation is achieved through the adoption of technical measures and management methods in the process of building planning, design, construction, use and maintenance, on the premise of meeting the prescribed building functional requirements and indoor environmental quality. , to achieve the process of reducing operating energy consumption and improving energy utilization efficiency. Green buildings save resources (energy saving, land saving, water saving, material saving), protect the environment, reduce pollution, provide people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space, and are in harmony with nature during the entire life cycle** *Biological architecture. Due to the late start of building energy conservation in my country, old buildings before the 1980s and a large number of new buildings constructed after the 1980s are still non-energy-saving buildings. In 2014, non-energy-saving buildings still accounted for about 60% of existing urban buildings across the country. At the same time, my country's current energy-saving standards for new buildings still lag behind those of developed countries. (Calculated based on the same level of indoor comfort) the annual heating energy consumption index of residential buildings in northern my country is still 1.5 to 2 times that of developed countries. Times, the annual energy consumption index for cooling and heating of public buildings in my country is about 1.2 to 1.5 times that of developed countries. In terms of green building development, developed countries have successively developed green building evaluation systems adapted to the climate characteristics of different countries since 1990, providing technical basis for policymakers and designers, and playing an important role in promoting the development of global green buildings. Compared with developed countries, my country has only begun to gradually promote green buildings in 2008. The development level and quality of green buildings are still not high. The total scale is still small, regional development is unbalanced, the proportion of high-performance is small, and the comprehensive effects are mostly stuck at Problems such as the design stage greatly reduce the effectiveness of green building promotion. 2. my country’s achievements in promoting building energy conservation and green buildings (1) New buildings implement mandatory energy conservation standards. In 2014, new urban buildings across the country fully implemented mandatory energy conservation standards. The area of ??new energy-saving buildings was 1.66 billion square meters, which can form 1,500 square meters. Energy saving capacity of 10,000 tons of standard coal. A total of 10.5 billion square meters of energy-saving buildings have been built in cities and towns across the country, accounting for approximately 38% of the urban civil construction area, with a total energy-saving capacity of 100 million tons of standard coal.

(2) Vigorously promote the development of green buildings. As of the end of 2014, there were 2,559 projects across the country that had obtained the green building evaluation label, with a total construction area of ??more than 280 million square meters. Among them, 1,017 projects had obtained the green building evaluation label in 2014. The construction area is 113 million square meters. The compulsory promotion of green buildings has been steadily advancing, with a total area of ??378 million square meters of compulsorily promoted green buildings across the country. By the end of the 12th Five-Year Plan, the cumulative green building area promoted across the country exceeded 1 billion square meters. (3) Energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development arranged a 175 million square meter heat metering and energy-saving renovation plan for existing residential buildings in the northern heating region in 2014. By the end of 2014, all regions had completed the renovation. It covers an area of ??210 million square meters, and a total renovation area of ??830 million square meters has been completed in the first four years of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan". Energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings in areas with hot summers and cold winters is progressing steadily. In 2014, a total of 15.21 million square meters of renovation area were completed, and the total completed renovation area was 70.9058 million square meters. (4) Construction of a public building energy conservation supervision system. By the end of 2014, more than 12,900 public building energy audits had been completed across the country, and the energy consumption of more than 13,000 buildings had been publicized. In 33 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), ) built a dynamic monitoring platform for public building energy consumption and conducted dynamic monitoring of energy consumption in more than 7,400 buildings. The area of ??energy-saving renovation of public buildings nationwide has completed 39.275 million square meters. (5) Application of renewable energy in buildings By the end of 2014, the area of ??solar thermal application in cities and towns across the country was 2.7 billion square meters, the application area of ??shallow ground energy was 460 million square meters, and the installed capacity of solar photovoltaic buildings reached 2,500 megawatts. 3. Promoting building energy conservation and the development of green buildings is of great significance (1) Promoting building energy conservation and the development of green buildings is an important manifestation of promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the process of new urbanization. my country's current rapid urbanization has exposed a series of problems that need to be solved urgently. Problems mainly include urban construction being oriented towards scale expansion, insufficient sustainability in the implementation of urban planning, excessive growth in resource and environmental consumption, unbalanced infrastructure construction, low public service capabilities, and serious air and water pollution in some cities. etc. questions. The "National New Urbanization Plan (2014-2020)" and the "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Ecological Civilization" issued by the Party Central Committee and the State Council clearly stated that the concept of ecological civilization should be fully integrated into the urbanization process, and efforts should be made to promote green, recycling, Low-carbon development, economical and intensive use of resources. Accelerate the development of building energy conservation and green buildings, and carry out planning, construction, and operation in accordance with the requirements of resource conservation and environmental friendliness in terms of urban and rural construction spatial layout, infrastructure supporting facilities, building construction and operation management, and promote urban development from scale expansion to quality. Improving transformation is of great practical significance in guiding my country to take a new urbanization path and implement the requirements for ecological civilization construction. (2) Promoting building energy conservation and the development of green buildings is an important measure to implement the national energy consumption revolution and energy security strategy. Promoting the energy consumption revolution and curbing unreasonable energy consumption is a strategic deployment made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council. Our country is in a period of rapid urbanization, with a huge amount of urban and rural construction. At the same time, as a developing country, our country’s building energy consumption level is still very low compared with developed countries. The energy consumption per unit building area is only about 1/3 of that in the United States. Construction services Conditions and comfort levels are low. As the people's requirements for indoor thermal comfort increase, trends such as the southward shift of heating lines, the transformation of building energy consumption models, and the "urbanization" of rural energy consumption have become more and more obvious. The pressure for rigid growth in building energy consumption is huge. Through building energy conservation and the development of green buildings, we can guide urban and rural construction to take an energy-saving, efficient, green, and low-carbon development path, so that our country can meet the people's relatively high living needs with lower energy consumption, and can effectively slow down the total building energy consumption. growth rate to ensure the smooth implementation of my country’s energy consumption revolution and energy security strategy. (3) Promoting building energy conservation and the development of green buildings is an important part of promoting air pollution prevention and control in response to climate change. my country’s air pollution prevention and control plan proposes to reduce pollutant emissions and gradually eliminate heavy pollution weather; the climate change response strategy also plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Clear goals were set out. Coal-fired heating and construction dust in the construction field are important sources of pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. Promoting building energy conservation and green buildings, transforming building construction methods and extensive energy consumption patterns during use can significantly improve the construction site environment, effectively reduce construction dust, reduce coal-fired heating consumption, and reduce sulfur- and nitrate-containing pollutants and carbon dioxide emissions, promote environmental protection and air quality improvement, reduce greenhouse gas emission pressure, improve people's living conditions, and increase social satisfaction and happiness. (4) Promoting the development of building energy conservation and green buildings is an important starting point to promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. my country has also made great efforts in the integrated application of green new technologies and new products such as building energy conservation, building intelligence, new building materials, building industrialization, and renewable energy. Obviously lags behind Western developed countries. At present, the development of low-carbon communities and zero-energy buildings in European countries is in the ascendant, and the United States has also regarded ecological cities and green buildings as key areas to guide the innovation of new green, low-carbon smart technologies. Promoting the development of building energy conservation and green buildings, accelerating the development of ultra-low energy buildings, new structural system buildings, prefabricated buildings, etc. can effectively promote the industrial upgrading of my country's construction industry and ensure that it can catch up in the new round of scientific and technological revolution in the construction field.

4. Goals and key tasks for building energy conservation and green building development (1) Work goals Work goals by 2020: First, improve the quality level of energy conservation and green development, urban green buildings account for 50% of new buildings, and the energy efficiency of new urban buildings Increased by more than 20%, some cities have begun to implement ultra-low energy consumption standards, gradually achieving synchronized development with international advanced standards. The second is to achieve efficient operation and refined management, complete the energy-saving renovation area of ??1 billion square meters of old residential buildings, and reduce the heating energy intensity of the retrofitted buildings by more than 35%. Completed the energy-saving renovation of 200 million square meters of public buildings, and improved the energy efficiency of the retrofitted buildings by more than 20%. Third, a breakthrough has been achieved in the clean proportion of urban energy structure, with the proportion of urban renewable energy consumption reaching more than 13%. The fourth is to realize the transformation of construction methods and improve the level of greening and recycling of building materials. Fifth, the building energy-saving and green building markets and industries have been fully developed, giving full play to the fundamental role of the market mechanism in allocating resources, driving the development of a number of emerging industries, and achieving breakthroughs in major key technologies. (2) Key tasks 1. Control increments and guide the growth model of urban energy resource consumption. The first is to implement the building energy efficiency leader plan. Publish a roadmap for improving my country's building energy-saving standards and clarify the medium- and long-term planning goals and improvement plans for building energy-saving standards. Accelerate the process of improving the energy efficiency of new buildings and implement higher-level energy-saving standards as soon as possible. It is urgent to introduce building energy consumption standards with energy consumption as the constraint. Announce cities with advanced building energy efficiency standards and encourage comparisons. We will make every effort to promote ultra-low energy consumption buildings and high-star green buildings, and encourage the planning and construction of near-zero energy consumption communities. The second is to promote the comprehensive promotion plan of green buildings. Implement a green building promotion goal management mechanism and break down the green building development goals set in the "New Urbanization Plan (2014-2020)" to each provincial administrative region. Supervise all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to implement their regional annual green building development plans and establish a regular reporting and assessment system on green building progress. Implement the green building industry chain promotion plan. Continue to expand the scope of mandatory enforcement of green building standards in areas where conditions are ripe. Strengthen the supervision of green building quality and incorporate green buildings into the whole-process management procedures of planning, design, construction, completion acceptance, etc.; strive to implement incentive policies for central finance to support green buildings, and encourage local governments to introduce supporting financial incentives, floor area ratio rewards, Measures such as reducing or reducing supporting fees. Encourage some advanced areas to combine the construction of new areas and the renovation of old areas to build centralized demonstration areas for green buildings. The third is to carry out demonstration construction of compact green cities. The planning and construction of new urban areas must strictly control the scale and structure of construction land. It is necessary to improve land use efficiency and establish a land use layout with moderate mixed use and compact development of land. Explore a public transportation-oriented spatial layout model and moderately increase the development intensity of land accessible to public transportation. Make rational use of underground space. Improve public transportation systems such as rail transit, rapid transit, buses, and pedestrian and bicycle transportation systems. Build a green municipal system, simultaneously build sewage treatment facilities and supporting pipe networks, achieve full collection and treatment of sewage, and plan and build rainwater collection and recycled water utilization systems according to local conditions. Pay attention to the classified collection, transfer and harmless treatment of various types of garbage. 2. Optimize stocks and tap the potential for urban energy resource consumption savings. The first is to promote energy-saving and green transformation of existing urban buildings. Comprehensively promote energy-saving renovation of existing buildings in northern cities, and select qualified communities for high-standard energy-saving renovation and green renovation. Comprehensively promote heating metering. Explore and conduct pilot projects in areas with hot summers and cold winters that adapt to local climate conditions and energy consumption methods. Comprehensively promote the energy efficiency comparison of public buildings, implement a dynamic management system for key energy-consuming public buildings, and publish advanced energy efficiency standards for public buildings by region and type. Carry out pilot projects in key cities for energy-saving renovation of public buildings. Encourage the implementation of energy-saving renovations through market-oriented models such as government-private partnership (PPP). Conduct building energy efficiency comparison pilot projects in public welfare industries such as schools and hospitals. The second is to promote urban (building) energy resource consumption comparison actions. Comprehensively carry out surveys and statistics on energy resource consumption data in the urban consumption field, and monitor energy resource consumption in key areas and industries. On this basis, establish a big data platform for urban building and transportation energy and resource consumption information. Gradually improve the urban energy resource consumption information disclosure and sharing system, and carry out data-based urban building energy efficiency comparisons. Actively advocate green consumption patterns in urban life, vigorously carry out "frugality and moral cultivation" publicity activities, and regularly release advanced examples of "thrift stars" for urban buildings. 3. Adjust the structure to achieve clean development of urban energy resource consumption. The first is to implement mandatory promotion of renewable energy in urban buildings. Cities should conduct comprehensive surveys on renewable energy resource conditions and utilization conditions, and prepare urban renewable energy application plans. New construction projects should conduct special demonstrations on the application conditions, applicable types, application scale and effects of renewable energy. New buildings that meet the application conditions should choose to use at least one renewable energy source. Increase the mandatory promotion of solar thermal systems in urban mid- and low-rise residential buildings and public buildings with stable hot water needs such as hotels and schools. The second is to promote personalized clean heating projects in the Yangtze River Basin. In traditional non-heated areas with hot summers and cold winters, actively promote the use of air source, surface water source, and sewage source heat pump technologies for heating, and establish community-level urban micro-heating systems. If conditions permit, use industrial waste heat to establish a centralized heating model with combined heat and power.

Utilize seawater source and river water source heat pump technology to establish regional renewable energy stations according to local conditions when the end energy load meets the requirements. The third is to create an urban renewable energy distributed application system. Establish a comprehensive energy supply system that coordinates, complements, and cascades utilization of renewable energy and traditional energy, vigorously promotes distributed energy sources such as solar photovoltaics, establishes urban renewable energy microgrid systems, and fully integrates distributed energy resources with intelligent dispatch. In areas not covered by urban gas, promote the use of sewage plant sludge to prepare biogas technology. 4. Change the model and promote the transformation and upgrading of urban construction model. First, vigorously promote the modernization of the construction industry. Vigorously develop prefabricated building industrialization bases and leading enterprises. Starting from key cities, we will gradually increase the proportion of residential homes that are fully decorated. The second is to encourage the development of modern wooden and steel structure buildings. Research and formulate necessary incentive policies. Strengthen the research and development, promotion and application of relevant technologies. Accelerate the construction of national-level wood structure and steel structure residential industrialization bases. The third is to comprehensively promote recycled building materials and green building materials. Strengthen building demolition management. Steadyly increase the recycling rate of building materials prepared from construction waste and industrial and mining solid waste. Establish a green building materials evaluation and labeling system. 5. Innovate the system and strengthen the supporting role of market, industry and technology. The first is to give full play to the fundamental role of the market mechanism. To rationally define the boundaries between the government and the market, we must not only give full play to the administrative functions of the government and the regulatory role of planning, standards, finance, taxation and other measures, but also give full play to the fundamental role of the market, using PPP models, contract energy management, and energy efficiency transactions. , carbon trading and other market-oriented mechanisms, allowing enterprises to fully participate in various areas of urban energy resource conservation, forming a good mechanism of government guidance, enterprise participation, and market promotion. The second is to focus on the supporting role of emerging industries. In promoting the urban energy resource consumption revolution, vigorously guide the energy conservation and environmental protection industry, new energy industry, information technology industry, new material industry, new building structure industry, third-party consulting and service industry, etc., actively build related industrialization bases, and support related enterprises Promote the overall development of the industrial chain and promote the standardization, engineering and industrialization of new technologies and products. Support qualified enterprises to apply for the establishment of national engineering research centers and promote the industrialization of results. The third is to highlight the leading role of technical standards. Improve the standards, technologies, and indicator systems for green and low-carbon consumption of urban energy resources. Develop standards for ultra-low energy buildings, green buildings, and green ecological cities in different climate zones and with different functional orientations. Classify and formulate energy consumption standard quotas for the entire life cycle of buildings. Rely on national science and technology support projects and other platforms to promote the research and development and integrated demonstration of major key technologies such as new building materials and prefabricated structural systems, near-zero energy buildings, green building technology, renewable energy and distributed energy integrated application technology. Focus on building energy-saving and green building professional talent teams, and explore the establishment of professional qualification systems such as building energy managers and building energy efficiency assessors. Actively carry out international cooperation, build an inter-governmental cooperation platform, and absorb and draw on advanced international experience in urban planning, construction, operation management, and industrial development.

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