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Potato planting method in Tengzhou, Shandong Province

Tengzhou City, Shandong Province has unique natural conditions such as climate, soil quality and hydrology, which is very suitable for potato growth. The following is the potato planting method I carefully arranged for you in Tengzhou, Shandong Province. Let's have a look.

Potato planting method in Tengzhou, Shandong Province 1. Before sowing

1, selection of excellent varieties: Dutch 7, Dutch 15, Luyin 1 and other virus-free 1-2 improved varieties were selected. , the amount of seeds per mu100-150kg.

2. Seed drying and dicing: the time is mid-June, 65438+February of last year. Sun-dry the seeds at noon on sunny days (local potato seeds must be treated with 3-5ppm of 920), sun-dry the seeds for 3-5 days, and then cut into pieces. Make full use of the advantages of the top and cut obliquely to the top in a spiral way. Each seed potato should have 1-2 bud holes. After cutting one seed potato at a time, the knife should be disinfected with 75% alcohol.

3. Accelerating germination indoors: the time is from the end of February of last year to the beginning of October of that year, and the germination is accelerated indoors at the temperature of 15- 18℃. To accelerate germination, you need to use soil that has not planted potatoes for 2-3 years, and? Tujunxiao+Kejunkang 10g/ m3? Sterilize the soil. The humidity of the bed soil is about 75%, that is, it is kneaded into a ball by hand and loosened after landing flat. When the potato buds grow to 1.5-2cm, take out the cool buds and leave them at 10- 15℃ for 3-5 days.

4. Plantar fertilization and deep ploughing: more than 5,000 kilograms of decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer are applied per mu, and after uniform fertilization, deep ploughing and harrowing are carried out.

5. Construction of shed: build plastic arch shed 3-5 days before sowing.

(1) shed location: fertile loam and sandy loam are selected, with no shade around the shed, sunny lee, no pollution, fresh air and convenient transportation. (2) shed body: generally, it runs in the north-south direction and is arranged in the east-west direction, which is conducive to uniform light reception and uniform plant growth in the shed. The greenhouse has a width of 6 6- 10/0m, a height of1.8-2.4m and a length of 40-60m from north to south. Small and medium-sized sheds are generally 2-6 meters wide and 20-60 meters long.

Second, the sowing date

6. Sowing: The sowing time in spring arch shed is early February, and the sowing time in open field is early March. Double row ridging cultivation, small row spacing of 20 cm, large row spacing of 85-90 cm, and plant spacing of 20-25 cm; Single row ridging cultivation, row spacing of 65-70cm, plant spacing of 20-25cm. Ditching depth is 8- 10 cm, width is 20 cm, sowing, hole fertilization (applying chemical fertilizer according to soil fertility formula, applying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 80- 100 kg per mu, or controlled release fertilizer 50-70 kg (on-off)+urea 20 kg, and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is prohibited), covering soil (ridge height is 65438)

Third, on-site management

7. Field management: keep the temperature at 20-26℃ during the day and 12- 14℃ at night. At the early stage of growth, you can open a small mouth for air exchange at noon, and gradually increase the air exchange volume with the increase of external temperature. Both ends of the shed are ventilated in the middle and late March, and the film is completely uncovered in the first half of April and in the middle of April.

8. Water management: According to the weather conditions and soil moisture, water is generally poured once after emergence, clumping and capping. Water should not be flooded, and it is better to pour it to the ridge height 1/3- 1/2. Potatoes should be attacked by water during tuber formation. Stop watering 5 days before harvest.

9. Suitable topdressing: 50 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaves of each mu during the potato expansion period, with an interval of 7 ~ 10 day and continuous spraying for 2 ~ 3 times.

Fourth, pest control.

In spring, the growth period of potato in arch shed is short and there are few diseases. The field should focus on the prevention and control of aphids, late blight, bacterial wilt, ring rot and virus diseases.

Prevention and control principle: according to? Prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control? Adhere to the plant protection policy? Agricultural control, physical control and biological control are given priority to, supplemented by chemical control? The principle of harmless treatment.

4. 1 agricultural control

4. 1. 1 Select disease-resistant varieties.

4. 1.2 create suitable environmental conditions: cultivate healthy seedlings of suitable age and improve stress resistance; Control temperature and humidity to avoid low temperature and high temperature; Strictly prevent water accumulation and clean up the site, which is beneficial to the growth and development of plants and avoids infectious diseases.

4. 1.3 Farming system reform: implement strict rotation system.

4. 1.4 scientific fertilization: soil testing and balanced fertilization, more fully decomposed organic fertilizers and less chemical fertilizers to prevent soil eutrophication.

4.2 Physical Prevention and Control

Use yellow board to trap and kill aphids, or cover with silver-gray plastic film to drive away aphids.

4.3 Biological control

4.3. 1 natural enemies: actively protect and use natural enemies to control pests and diseases.

4.3.2 Biological agents: Use biological agents to control pests and diseases.

4.4 chemical control

Cultivation techniques of potato 1 autumn sowing varieties in Tengzhou, Shandong Province

The improved varieties should be those with early maturity, early tuber setting, rapid tuber expansion, high yield, disease resistance, degradation resistance, short dormancy period and good quality, which are suitable for planting in the second season, such as Jinyin Potato No.8, Seed Potato No.3, Holland 15, etc.

2. Choose potato seeds

Seed potatoes should be newly harvested spring potatoes, and diseased potatoes, rotten potatoes and broken potatoes should be eliminated. At the age of 40? 50g whole potato is the best seed. Because the whole potato has high germination rate and neat and robust seedlings, it can effectively prevent rotten seeds from lacking seedlings.

3, soaking seeds to accelerate germination

From spring to autumn sowing, because of the short time, the seed potato has not passed the dormancy period, so it is necessary to soak the seeds to accelerate germination in autumn potato cultivation. To accelerate germination, seeds should be soaked in 5 ppm gibberellin+500 times carbendazim solution for 5 minutes, and then taken out and dried in surface water to accelerate germination. When accelerating germination, wet loose sand (the humidity of sand is 60%) can be used to accelerate germination in a ventilated and cool place. Generally, there are three layers of potatoes and four layers of sand, each layer of sand can be used without exposing potatoes, and the top layer of sand is 3? 4 cm thick is appropriate. Keep the sand moist all the time when sprouting. The concentration of gibberellin should be strictly prepared when soaking seeds to accelerate germination. Gibberellin should be used in combination, not overnight. Don't pile the seed potatoes too thick, otherwise it will easily cause rotten seeds.

4. Sow in time to increase the density.

One of the main reasons for the low yield of potato in autumn is the short growth time of potato, so it is necessary to sow in advance and extend its growth time as much as possible. The suitable sowing date of autumn potato is mid-August, so as to ensure a growing period of more than 60 days from emergence to first frost. Sowing should be done in the morning and afternoon, and it can be done all day on cloudy days. In the case of high temperature and scorching sun, the pit should be deeper and covered with soil when sowing. It is hot and rainy in August, and waterlogging in the field is easy to cause rotten potatoes, which affects seedling emergence and plant growth. Therefore, water should be removed in time after the rain and intertillage should be carried out to ensure the smooth emergence of seedlings.

5. Strengthen on-site management.

5. 1 scientific fertilization

Autumn potato has a high temperature in the early stage of growth, which is suitable for stem and leaf growth, and a low temperature in the later stage, with a large temperature difference between day and night, which is beneficial to potato expansion, and generally does not appear in vain during the whole growth period. To apply base fertilizer, topdressing should be done early. Apply high-quality commercial organic fertilizer 150 kg per mu, and 70 kg of potato formula fertilizer as base fertilizer. Potatoes are chlorine-free crops. Potassium sulfate should be used for potash fertilizer, not potassium chloride, otherwise it will affect the yield. When the potato grows to about 20 cm, topdressing, potato formula fertilizer per mu 100 kg.

5.2 intertillage and soil cultivation

After the seedlings are unearthed, intertillage and weed in time, and shallow plough and loosen the soil in time after heavy rain. Autumn potato should be cultivated in shallow and multi-stubble: the first stubble when the seedling height is about 20 cm; The second soil cultivation is carried out at flowering stage; The third ridging was in late June, 10. This ridge should be thicker to protect tubers and prevent frost.

5.3 timely irrigation and drainage

In case of drought, irrigate in time, but don't flood; Low-lying land is easy to accumulate water after rain, so it is necessary to clear ditches and reduce stains to facilitate the expansion of potato pieces.

5.4 foliar spraying fertilizer

Spraying the mixture of 0. 1. 1% magnesium sulfate and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen sulfate every 10 day for three times in a row can significantly improve the yield.

6. Strengthen pest control.

6. 1 underground pests

In the plot where grubs, needle worms and other underground pests occur seriously, 0.2 kg/mu of 50% phoxim can be mixed with toxic soil and spread along the ditch for control.

6.2 late blight

There are more rainy days in autumn, which is prone to late blight. 25% thiophanate-methyl 500 can be used to control late blight. 800 times solution, 77% kocide 500 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 600? 800 times liquid spray control.

6.3 Virus diseases

Autumn sowing potatoes are prone to virus diseases at seedling stage. First, we should prevent aphids in time to avoid spreading the virus. Can be sprayed with water 10% imidacloprid or 3% acetamiprid 20g/ mu. After the onset, the virus A500 times can be sprayed.

6.4 tea yellow mite

20 ml/mu of 73% propargite or 25 g/mu of 20% acetamiprid can be sprayed with water.

7. appropriately postpone the harvest

Under the premise of not affecting the sowing of the following crops, in order to prolong the tuber expansion period of autumn potato and increase the yield, it can be harvested when the stems and leaves on the ground die; However, it is necessary to prevent potato chips from frostbite due to late harvest.

Aphids: 20 grams of 50% aphid spray wettable powder is selected for spraying per mu, or 20% aphid lice are used for control, and spraying is stopped 10 day before harvesting.

Late blight: control with 52.5% yikuaijing and 40% ethyl phosphate, aluminum, manganese and zinc.

Ring rot and bacterial wilt are the spread of seed potatoes. So be sure to cut the potatoes well. If you find sick potatoes, destroy them and disinfect them with a knife.

Viral diseases: Aphids and mites are the disseminators of viral diseases, and the prevention and control of aphids and mites should be done well in the field.

Underground pests: phoxim granules control.

4.5 Rational application of pesticides

Strictly control the safe interval of pesticides.

Prohibit the use of pesticides prohibited in the production of green food.