Prevention knowledge of common epidemics in summer

Prevention knowledge of common epidemics in summer

Midsummer is the season when all kinds of bacteria breed and many diseases are prone to occur, and there are many kinds of diseases. In order to ensure the physical and mental health and safety of teachers, children and parents, prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases and improve everyone's awareness of disease prevention. The following is my knowledge about the prevention of common epidemics in summer. Welcome to reading.

First, respiratory diseases:

1. Generally speaking, respiratory tract infections are frequent in autumn and winter, but in summer, due to the sultry weather and low air pressure, many children will lose their appetite, reduce the secretion of digestive enzymes and reduce their self-protection ability. In addition, children's immune function is poor, especially the development of various organs and tissues of infants is imperfect. For example, children's nose hair is scarce and can't filter the dust in the air. Pathogens can easily enter the respiratory tract directly through the nose and mouth to cause infection. In addition, the large temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air conditioners in hot summer often leads to sudden changes in the environment around the body, which is also one of the important reasons for children's poor resistance to various respiratory infections. Therefore, in hot summer, respiratory diseases can not be ignored!

2. Respiratory infection diseases are mainly diseases caused by infections caused by bacteria in the respiratory tract, which are divided into upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. At present, children's common respiratory diseases mainly include:

A. Tonsillitis, mainly manifested as tonsil enlargement and suppuration;

B. acute pharyngitis, the child will have congestion and edema in the throat, difficulty eating, drooling, crying and so on.

C. Acute infection with laryngitis may lead to laryngitis and even dyspnea.

D pneumonia, mainly manifested as cough, excessive phlegm, asthma, fever and so on. In severe cases, it may lead to heart failure and respiratory failure, thus causing toxic encephalopathy.

E Generally speaking, respiratory diseases have some similar symptoms, such as cough, sore throat, stuffy nose, runny nose and fever.

3. For children, there are two special common upper respiratory tract infections that need special attention:

Herpes angina, clinical manifestations are persistent high fever, sore throat, salivation, refusal to eat, vomiting and so on. Physical examination showed that there were several gray-white herpes in the pharynx with redness around it. Because herpes is very painful, children often cry and can't eat for several days.

B. Pharyngeal conjunctive fever is another special type of upper respiratory tract infection, which occurs mostly in summer. It is characterized by fever, pharyngitis and conjunctivitis, and its clinical manifestations are high fever, sore throat and stinging eyes.

Both diseases are caused by virus infection. Clinical treatment is mainly aimed at fever. Physical cooling can be used, such as warm water bath and ice pillow. Antipyretic drugs such as paracetamol and ibuprofen can also be taken orally, and some traditional Chinese medicines for clearing away heat and toxic materials can also be taken orally, such as Banlangen granules and Shuanghuanglian oral liquid. Antibiotics are generally not needed. At the same time, family care is also very important, so let children have a full rest, drink plenty of water, eat digestible semi-liquid food, and don't eat overheated food. If there is no secondary bacterial infection or other complications, 12 weeks can heal itself.

4. Expert tip: The most fundamental "trick" is to avoid and reduce respiratory infections.

A. strengthen exercise and enhance resistance. Don't neglect physical exercise in summer. Children over the age of 3 can go to nearby parks and other places for a quick walk or a walk in the morning and evening.

B. Pay attention to cultivating children's personal hygiene habits, such as washing hands before and after meals;

C. avoid taking children to crowded public places;

D under normal circumstances, the indoor air conditioning temperature should not be too low, and the temperature difference between indoor air conditioning and outdoor air conditioning should not exceed10℃;

E. Pay attention to drinking more water and eating more fresh fruits and vegetables in the diet, and you can also enhance your resistance by supplementing vitamin C;

5. Tips for preventing respiratory diseases in summer:

A. Wear masks during influenza to reduce the prevalence of respiratory diseases.

B. I usually keep some common medicines such as cold medicine at home. Some antiviral drugs can be used after mild cold symptoms appear. Don't use antibiotics easily. When the symptoms are serious, it is best to go to a regular hospital for treatment.

Second, skin diseases in summer

Due to the hot weather, prickly heat is the most common skin disease among children in summer. Children with prickly heat should avoid scratching, not cleaning with hot water or alkaline soap, and not stimulating with cold water. They should take a bath with warm water, and they can use antipruritics or talcum powder for external use.

For children with secondary infection and impetigo, they should take a bath and cut their nails frequently. Apply ointment such as chlortetracycline and neomycin to the affected area of impetigo to avoid abusing hormone ointment such as "Fusong" and treat it with antibiotics according to the doctor's advice. For some children with poor spirit, loss of appetite and facial edema, we should be alert to acute nephritis and need to do routine urine examination.

Third, infectious diseases are prevalent in summer.

The rising temperature in summer is suitable for the breeding of pathogenic microorganisms and the prevalence of mosquitoes. The incidence of infectious diseases is relatively high, and the common infectious diseases are:

1. Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common intestinal infectious disease caused by many viruses, which mostly occurs in infants under 5 years old. At present, our city has entered the epidemic season of the disease. When children have fever and herpes symptoms on hands, feet and mouth, parents should attach great importance to it and take their children to regular hospitals in time. There is no vaccine to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease. Parents should take their children to crowded public places as little as possible to reduce the chance of being infected. Dry clothes and quilts frequently, and guide children to develop good hygiene habits of washing hands frequently. Nursery institutions where infants and young children are concentrated should strengthen the morning examination and the investigation of children with fever, and timely find and isolate children for treatment.

2. Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by measles virus. The clinical manifestations are fever, cough, conjunctivitis, oral measles mucosal spots and red maculopapules on the skin. Severe symptoms can be complicated with pneumonia and myocarditis.

3. Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by herpes zoster virus, which is highly contagious and can be spread by contact or droplets. .

An important feature of the disease is that the skin appears clear blisters as big as rice grains and peas. Secondary infection of herpes can cause complications, such as pustular herpes, cellulitis and sepsis. Children are susceptible to measles and chickenpox. Schools and kindergartens should always keep indoor air circulation and disinfect tables, chairs, utensils, toys and bedding. Once a case is found, it needs to be isolated at home in time before returning to school. Vaccination in time is the best measure to prevent measles and chicken pox.

4.JE There are many mosquitoes in summer, and there is a lot of rain. Mosquitoes are the media, and most of them occur in children under 10. It is an acute infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by Japanese encephalitis virus. If the treatment is not timely, it may endanger life or leave more serious sequelae.

To prevent Japanese encephalitis, except that children under 10 are vaccinated with Japanese encephalitis vaccine on time one month before the outbreak, mosquito killing and prevention are the fundamental measures to prevent Japanese encephalitis. Educate children not to be greedy for cold, not to sleep outdoors, and adopt various methods to repel mosquitoes and prevent mosquito bites.

From July to September, the child was found to have symptoms such as headache, vomiting, restlessness, lethargy, stiff neck, persistent high fever, coma and convulsions. So they shouldn't be careless and should be sent to hospital for treatment in time.

Typhoid fever is an acute intestinal infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi. Patients and carriers are the main sources of infection. Typhoid fever in children can account for 35%~60% of the total cases. The clinical manifestations of typhoid fever in children are not as typical as those in adults, and the younger they are, the less typical they are.

When children suffer from typhoid fever, the widal reaction is often negative and easy to be misdiagnosed. Children with typhoid fever have acute onset, persistent fever, obvious gastrointestinal symptoms, and vomiting and diarrhea are more common.

To prevent typhoid fever, we should do a good job in the management of feces, water and diet, and develop good personal hygiene habits such as not eating unclean food and not drinking water.

6. Pink eye is a common name in our daily life. Clinically called acute catarrhal conjunctivitis, it is the most easily infected eye infectious disease in summer. Mostly caused by bacterial infection or virus, mainly through contact. Acute onset, incubation period 1~3 days. The early symptoms are itchy eyes, foreign body sensation and burning sensation, followed by red eyes, pain and mucus or purulent secretions. Afraid of shedding tears, I dare not open my eyes, which may be accompanied by fever and headache. If the secretions are mostly gums, it may be bacterial infection, and if the secretions are mostly tears, it is mostly viral infection.

To prevent pink eye disease, pay attention to rest, wash your hands frequently, and don't rub your eyes with your hands. Eat less food that is easy to get angry. During the epidemic, people will go to crowded public places, such as swimming pools, public bathrooms and playgrounds. Drop one or two drops of antibacterial and antiviral eye drops before and after swimming to prevent it.

7. People are infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza.

The main sources of infection are poultry (poultry, wild birds) and birds with avian influenza or virus. Infection is mainly caused by respiratory tract, or close contact with infected birds and their secretions, feces and polluted water.

The early symptoms are very similar to the common flu, mainly manifested as high fever (mostly lasting above 38℃), cough, sore throat, headache, general malaise and other symptoms.

Prevention points:

1, wash your hands frequently, and don't wipe your hands with dirty towels. Wash or wipe your hands immediately after contact with respiratory secretions (such as sneezing).

2. Avoid sharing water cups, tableware, towels, toothbrushes and other items with others.

When sneezing or coughing in crowded places, cover your nose and mouth with a handkerchief or paper towel. Don't spit everywhere, and don't throw away the toilet paper used to spit or wipe your nose.

4, pay attention to environmental sanitation and indoor ventilation, such as patients with symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases around, should increase the number of ventilation, avoid airflow when opening the window, pay attention to keep warm. Clothes and bedding should always be exposed to the sun.

5, drink plenty of water, eat more fruits and vegetables, increase the body's immunity.

6. Try to avoid crowded public places.

Fourth, other common diseases in summer

Heatstroke: one of the most common symptoms in summer.

Cause: In the high temperature environment, the body temperature regulation is unbalanced, a large amount of heat is stored in the body, and the metabolism of water and salt is disordered.

Coping: Mild heatstroke, drink more salty and cold drinks. If you have dizziness, nausea and vomiting, you can take Ren Dan or Huoxiang Zhengqi Water. Patients with severe heatstroke should be taken to the shade for on-site rescue and sent to the hospital immediately.

Prevention:

1, do a good job of sun protection under the scorching sun.

Step 2 get enough sleep

3. Taking a hot bath helps to dissipate the body temperature.

4. Eat more fruits and vegetables, and drink salt and boiled water in moderation.

food poisoning

Main symptoms: it can occur within one hour to several hours after eating, showing abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, diarrhea and so on. , to chills, high fever, convulsions, coma, shock, not timely rescue will die.

Precautionary measures: tableware should be disinfected regularly, kitchen utensils should be dried frequently, and food should be carefully checked to prevent spoiled food from being bought home. The remaining food should be kept scientifically to prevent being polluted by flies, and the spoiled leftovers should be thrown away to prevent problems. Try not to eat cold food.

Public places with many people are easy to be infected, schools are crowded, and staying in * * * for a long time is also easy to induce infectious diseases. In order to effectively protect the physical and mental health and life safety of teachers and students, effectively prevent the occurrence of various infectious diseases in schools, do a solid job in epidemic prevention and nip in the bud, please raise the awareness of preventing infectious diseases among teachers and students, parents and friends, and do it in accordance with the following requirements in daily life and study:

1. Wash your hands before and after meals, take a bath frequently, and develop good personal hygiene habits.

2. Drink more boiled water, do not drink raw water, do not eat cold food, and thoroughly heat the leftovers before eating. Pay attention to food hygiene, do not eat unsanitary food, do not buy food from vendors, and prevent food poisoning and intestinal diseases.

3. Minimize going to public places, avoid using articles and tableware with patients, and avoid close contact with sick people.

4. Do a good job in the indoor environmental sanitation of classrooms and offices, and keep the rooms and classrooms ventilated.

5. Reduce direct contact with poultry and livestock.

6. Strengthen nutrition, reasonable diet, ensure rest, strengthen exercise, pay attention to cold and warmth, and enhance your disease resistance and immunity.

7. Once suspicious symptoms such as fever, rash, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and jaundice appear, you should go to regular medical institutions in time to achieve early detection, early treatment and early diagnosis.

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Prevention knowledge of diseases in summer

1, hot and cold

Sweating in hot weather consumes a lot of energy, coupled with poor appetite in summer, and there is not enough nutrition to supplement in time, which makes the body's resistance decline. In addition, coveting to be cool, using a cold water punch or taking a cold shower when sweating, blowing constantly at the electric fan when sleeping, and turning on the air conditioner for a long time, resulting in a large temperature difference between indoor and outdoor, can all cause the occurrence of summer colds.

Health tip: High temperature will consume a lot of body fluids. Pay attention to drinking boiled water, a small amount for many times, usually 300 ~ 500ml each time. You can drink some light salt boiled water if necessary. In addition, sleep is also very helpful for the treatment of summer colds. At least 8 hours of sleep should be guaranteed, and a hot bath at night can help you fall asleep. If you can't sleep well at night, you can take a nap at noon. In addition, the diet must be reasonable. Hot weather, poor appetite, decreased resistance, eat more vegetables. Tomatoes and cucumbers are foods with high vitamin content. Eat more lean meat and increase protein.

2, bacillary dysentery

Intestinal diseases occur frequently in summer, and bacillary dysentery is the most common intestinal infectious disease, which is not only related to the reproductive activities of flies, but also related to the gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by people's preference for cold food in hot days. In addition, mosquito-borne infection is also an important way of intestinal infection in summer.

Health tip: don't put the food of the day on the next day, the weather is hot and easy to deteriorate, and bacteria are easy to breed; Open fruits, such as watermelon, should be eaten as much as possible, or sealed with plastic wrap and stored in the refrigerator, but the time should not exceed 24 hours; Pot-stewed vegetables are popular in summer, but if people who cook pot-stewed vegetables don't pay attention to hygiene, people who eat them are easy to get infected with germs, so it's better to eat less.

3. Beware of skin diseases in summer

Warm weather in summer is conducive to the reproduction and growth of various fungi and bacteria. In addition, people in summer are prone to sweating and wet skin. If it is not wiped and kept dry in time, fungi will invade our skin and cause beriberi. Contact with people or animals suffering from tinea and public appliances can lead to infection. The most common athlete's foot is athlete's foot, which is what we call "Hong Kong foot". People who like to wear leather shoes are prone to beriberi, because leather shoes are airtight and the humidity and temperature of their feet increase. Patients with beriberi are very uncomfortable in summer, because in addition to redness, erosion and blisters between toes, they will also itch and smell. In addition, many young and middle-aged men are easily infected with tinea corporis and tinea versicolor (sweat spots) in summer, which has a great relationship with their perspiration. Due to work reasons, many people do not wash in time after sweating, and fungi multiply on the skin, forming papules, blisters, scales and so on. , thus damaging the skin.

Health tip: Keeping the skin clean and dry is the basic requirement for preventing and treating tinea. It is an important measure to prevent tinea infection to separate daily utensils as much as possible. Pay attention to personal hygiene, keep your skin dry, and use talcum powder in summer; Take a bath frequently and change your underwear.

Prevention of common diseases in summer

suffer sunstroke

1, one of the common diseases in summer: heatstroke

This is because, in the high temperature environment in summer, people's body temperature regulation function will be out of balance, and a lot of heat will accumulate in the body, leading to the disorder of water and salt metabolism in the body. When you have mild heatstroke, you'd better drink more salty and cold drinks. If you have dizziness, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms, you should take Ren Dan or Huoxiang Zhengqi Water. If you are suffering from severe heatstroke, your family should not only carry you to the shade, but also call the emergency number immediately to avoid delaying the treatment of your illness.

2, the doctor tips

In order to avoid heatstroke, it is very important to do a good job of sun protection, but also to ensure adequate sleep and frequent warm baths, which can effectively help reduce the heat of body temperature. Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables and drinking some refreshing drinks such as light salt water, mung bean soup and sour plum soup are all good ways to prevent heatstroke.

suffer sunstroke

1, the second most common disease in summer: heatstroke.

Because the temperature difference between the air-conditioned room and the outdoor room is relatively large, if you go in and out of the hot and cold room frequently, the blood vessels in the brain will expand and contract repeatedly, especially for middle-aged and elderly people with cardiovascular diseases.

2, the doctor reminded

The best way to prevent heatstroke is to properly adjust the air conditioning temperature, minimize the indoor and outdoor temperature difference, and drink more boiled water and light tea.

intestinal infectious diseases

1, the third common disease in summer: intestinal infectious diseases.

Because of the high temperature in summer, food is not easy to preserve, and it will rot and deteriorate if you are not careful. Summer is also the high incidence of mosquito breeding, and they are also the main vectors of diseases. Cholera, dysentery, hepatitis A, food poisoning and water poisoning are prone to intestinal infectious diseases.

2. Doctor's advice

The doctor told everyone that the best preventive measure is to try not to eat leftovers from overnight meals, pay attention to the cleanliness of tableware and food, and avoid flies and mosquitoes. Seafood must be thoroughly cooked before eating. Don't drink raw water to avoid water pollution. Keep indoor and outdoor sanitary and clean, and wash your hands and bathe frequently.

Misunderstanding of summer heat dissipation

Drinking beer can relieve summer heat.

In summer, when the temperature is high, people sweat more, consume more and get tired easily. Drinking beer all the time, the "warmth" feeling brought by alcohol will continue, and the phenomenon of thirst and sweating will be more intense. This will not only fail to achieve the purpose of relieving summer heat, but will reduce people's thinking ability and work efficiency.

The correct way: drink beer in moderation, and don't drink beer as a drink.

Gluttony cold drink

In hot summer, frozen drinks are particularly popular with the public, and some children often binge drink cold drinks to cool off the heat.

Experts suggest that excessive drinking of cold drinks will reduce the resistance of the throat and cause respiratory diseases such as acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis and bronchitis; It may also lead to abdominal pain, diarrhea and even gastrointestinal diseases due to impaired spleen and stomach function.

The correct way: don't drink a lot of frozen drinks after strenuous exercise. It is recommended that the drinks taken out of the refrigerator be left at room temperature for a period of time before drinking. Some patients with chronic diseases should be selective in eating cold drinks. Such as coronary heart disease, asthma, chronic bronchitis, should not eat frozen food; For patients with gastric ulcer and hyperacidity, sour cold drinks should not be used.

The darker the sunglasses are, the more protective they are.

In hot summer, many people will wear sunglasses. Many people think that the darker sunglasses are, the better they can protect their eyes. In fact, the darker the lens, the worse the visibility, and the eyes are easily damaged by the difficulty of seeing things.

Experts suggest that the criteria for choosing sunglasses in summer are: lenses should be able to transmit 30% visible light, with gray and green as the best, so as to resist ultraviolet radiation and have the best visual clarity and minimum color change when transmitting through external objects.

It is cooler to be shirtless on a hot day.

Under the exposure, we can always see some people shirtless, which is also a wrong understanding. Studies have shown that when the skin temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, shirtless skin can only be cooled by increasing skin radiation and conducting heat dissipation. In hot summer, the maximum temperature is generally close to or higher than 37℃. The skin can't dissipate heat, but absorbs the heat from the external environment, so it will feel hotter if you are shirtless in summer.

The correct way: the more unbearable the heat, the less you should go shirtless, and women should not wear short skirts.

The air conditioner should be kept at a constant temperature.

Many people try to keep their rooms at a constant or quasi-constant temperature when using air conditioners in summer. However, medical meteorologists found through experiments that constantly adjusting the room temperature can make people's physiological temperature regulation mechanism in a "tense state", thus gradually adapting to the great changes in temperature and improving people's self-protection ability.

The correct way: the temperature of the whole room should be constantly changing, but the range should be controlled between 3℃ and 5℃.

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