What kind of person was Emperor Chongzhen?

You mean Zhu Youjian! Emperor Chongzhen is diligent and confident, but he is also suspicious, willful and harsh. He is a man with complex and diverse personality, and his evaluation has always been quite sympathetic in history.

I checked it for you and gave you a more authoritative statement!

Four cases were probably the most complicated emperors in the Ming Dynasty. As a scholar said, in four cases, wit and stupidity, boldness and stubbornness, cleverness and unconsciousness are both. Of course, behind the complicated personality is the complicated political situation. Peasant uprising, invasion of the late Jin army, famine and disagreement among ministers are all four headaches. It is normal to succeed in dealing with such a difficult problem. Meng Sen said: "Before Wanli, you were not the king of national subjugation; After the apocalypse, you are dead! " Four cases explained themselves in this way when they died. Since then, historians have generally sympathized with the four cases, arguing that the life of Emperor Chongzhen was "a tragedy of national subjugation that was not the monarch of national subjugation". But why isn't there a generation of talents? It's just knowing people and doing their duty. However, the Chongzhen dynasty "has a monarch and no ministers." Four tragedies of trying to govern the country with heart, but not knowing how to use people, leading to national subjugation. Moreover, Meng Sen also said four cases of "criticizing for one's own use, not knowing how to use others" and "showing no sympathy for the people". Therefore, on the one hand, an emperor who is diligent, self-disciplined and determined has no choice but to become the king of national subjugation, which is of course sympathetic; On the other hand, the four cases were clumsy, suspicious and strict, which was the catalyst to accelerate the demise of the Ming Dynasty.

Among them, his self-confidence and promising can be reflected in his handling of Wei Zhongxian.

"God understands luck" is Xia, a famous Songjiang scholar in the late Ming Dynasty's evaluation of Sizong's handling of this matter. Later historians, such as Tan Qian and others, also admired the firmness and courage of the four cases in this matter. However, his political talent is like a flash in the pan. When he inherited his elder brother's throne, he was able to quickly enter the role, successfully eliminate all influences, and quietly get rid of Wei Zhongxian, who was in power and in power, which was the most beautiful thing in the four cases.

However, his bigotry and stubbornness were also revealed in his treatment of Yuan Chonghuan.

Four cases of single-handedly removing Wei Zhongxian obviously made him overestimate his political talents. In this way, his confidence gradually became conceited, and then he became headstrong. Therefore, on the one hand, he became one of the most diligent emperors in the Ming Dynasty; On the other hand, he did everything himself but didn't get good results. As he himself said, although he is not the king of national subjugation, everything is a symbol of national subjugation. Among them, manslaughter of Yuan Chonghuan is even more stupid.

Yuan Chonghuan's ancestral home is Dongguan, Guangdong. As a southerner, four cases called him "Man Zi" privately. Yuan Chonghuan's talent is embodied in the military. Even before being killed, the four cases still thought that it was necessary to defend Liao. Yuan Chonghuan's "no love for money, no fear of death" decided that he was bound to be popular with the soldiers, and his army became the most effective army in the late Ming Dynasty. Chongzhen acceded to the throne, appointed Yuan Chonghuan Du Shijiliao and overseer Deng Laijin's military affairs, so Liaodong's defense was entrusted to Yuan Chonghuan, and the trust was evident. But only three years later, Yuan Chonghuan was executed by Ling Chi in the western city of Beijing, and then spread to the public. Historians have many explanations for Yuan Chonghuan's death, such as the boasting of "five-year anti-Liao", Mao's death, the sequela of party struggle and the intrigue of Huang Taiji, which are all important reasons for Yuan Chonghuan's death. But in the end, it was four decisions that killed Yuan Chonghuan. Just three years ago, compared with three years ago, the command summoned, the monarch and the minister faced each other, and the sword was given to the party. This is a different world. The change can really explain that Chongzhen's attitude towards Yuan Chonghuan changed from trust to doubt.

Actually, Huang Taiji's double spy is very simple. It is nothing more than imitating the story of Zhou Yu using Jiang Gan to steal books in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, so that Yang, the eunuch who came to be captured, overheard the conversation of "a slight conspiracy" and then let Yang escape. A discerning person can understand with a little thought. But this happened at a sensitive moment when the late Jin army approached the capital. When Yang returned to the palace to report to four cases, Yuan Chonghuan was in trouble. In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), on March 16, Emperor Chongzhen ordered Yuan Chong to be executed, and his wife and brother were exiled to Fujian. Yuan Chongchuan in Ming Dynasty said: "Chonghuan has no children, and the family has no surplus property. The world is wronged. " Yuan Chonghuan's death, Liaodong war and no one can pick up. Therefore, after the peasant uprising in Chongzhen for three years grew obviously, the Ming Dynasty was caught in a double dilemma of internal and external troubles. However, four cases never seem to learn from their mistakes. Later, he ordered Sun Chuanting to kill He, a fellow countryman of Li Zicheng, in the 15th year of Chongzhen (1642), who was a brave general to suppress the peasant uprising. It is said that after He Longren was killed, the peasant uprising army raised a glass and said, "It's like picking up mustard to congratulate the madman on his death!" It can be seen that the paranoia and murder of the four cases are really destroying the Great Wall! !

And his dryness and harshness are obviously manifested in his strict control.

Mencius said, emperor and teacher, monarch and friend, country and service. In other words, a dying monarch always treats his subjects as slaves. Four cases are such people. Four cases were harsh and mean to ministers beyond people's imagination. As an emperor who is strict with himself and eager for success, he always hopes to change his long-accumulated bad habits in the shortest time. In the recitation of Four Cases, Shaanxi Zongsi criticized four cases of "being accustomed to respecting others without knowing it" and "being increasingly critical without knowing it". Under an overly demanding emperor, it is difficult to have a minister who dares to take responsibility. Historians in later generations often lamented that Chongzhen Dynasty was "the king without ministers". In fact, Chongzhen Dynasty killed the most ministers. Who dares to do something in a dynasty that is constantly changing and killing princes indiscriminately?

The stricter the emperor's supervision, the less dare the liegeman take responsibility; The more diligent the emperor is, the more furtive his lieutenants are. Liu, a scholar at the end of Ming Dynasty, said in Criticizing the Four Memorials: "It is inevitable to be utilitarian to be eager to seek governance; The utilitarian mind is endless and turns into a criminal name; The name of punishment is endless, and it is a suspicion; There is endless suspicion and concealment. " In this way, the political situation of Chongzhen Dynasty went on in a vicious circle, and four cases were finally alienated from others.