The impact of low temperatures in winter on the economy

Cold wave is a large-scale cold air activity, so when the cold wave hits, the weather changes drastically. However, due to different seasons, geographical conditions and the intensity of the cold wave, the weather changes in different places are also different. Generally speaking, The most prominent thing in winter is that when a cold front passes through, the temperature drops and the wind direction changes drastically. There is often a strong northerly wind behind the front, and there is wind and sand in the northwest and Inner Mongolia. North of the Huaihe River, there is occasional snowfall. Once the cold front passes, the weather becomes clearer. After the cold front passes through the Huaihe River, the chances of precipitation will increase. Especially when the cold front is slow or stationary in the south of the Yangtze River, the precipitation will last for a long time.

Cold wave weather has the greatest impact on agriculture. The cooling brought by the cold air can reach 10℃ or even above 20℃ usually exceeds the cold tolerance of crops, causing frost damage or freezing damage to crops.

The physiological temperature of cold resistance of different types of crops in different regions also has certain limits, such as northern spring wheat, Beans and oil crops are cold-resistant crops and can withstand low temperatures of -7 to -10°C. Radish can withstand -6°C, cabbage can withstand -4°C, while corn and potatoes can only withstand -3 to -2°C. The low temperature. Moreover, various plants have different cold tolerance in different growth and development stages. For most plants, they will be significantly damaged when the temperature drops to about 0℃. In history, almost every cold wave process will cause major damage. Crops in an area are damaged, and the degree of disaster will vary greatly depending on the scope of cold air invasion.

After the cold wave passes, the temperature drops suddenly, and the cooling can last from one to several days. The northwest and northern China have a large cooling rate. , the cooling rate in the central and southern parts is small, but freezing and frost phenomena can occur. For example, in January 1955, due to the continuous and explosive cold wave moving southward, the temperature was -14.6℃ in Wuhan, -19.2℃ in Shanghai, and -2.1℃ in Nanning. With the extreme minimum temperature of ℃, Hainan Island also experienced rare frost phenomena. Many areas in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi provinces experienced heavy snowfall and freezing rain for 10 to 15 consecutive days, causing transportation and telecommunications to be blocked, and agricultural products to be affected. Animal husbandry production suffered heavy losses. In the spring and autumn, in addition to strong winds and cooling, cold wave weather often brings rain and snow in the south of the Yangtze River Basin. Sometimes there are also disastrous weather such as thunderstorms and hail, especially the final frost and early frost caused by the cold wave. Frost and frost pose a greater threat to crops in North and Central China, often causing severe production losses.

Cold waves and strong cold air usually bring strong winds, cooling, rain, snow and freezing weather, which are the main problems in my country in the winter half of the year. Disastrous weather.

Strong winds can cause trains to derail or even overturn. Strong winds have overturned trains in my country and have occurred in many places in Xinjiang. The Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway passes through the "hundred-mile wind zone" near Hami, and in the Tianshan Mountains The area around Dabancheng must pass through the "Thirty-mile Wind Zone". From 1961 to 1982, strong winds overturned trains as many as 10 times. During strong wind seasons, trains often cannot run on time.

Strong winds are harmful to The impact on civil aviation is also very significant. Wherever the cold wave and cold air reaches, the average wind speed is generally above 15m/s, and the gusts are above 25m/s, and they last for a long time. High winds make aircraft taking off and landing prone to tire rupture and landing gear breakage. and other accidents.

Rain and rain can also threaten the flight safety of aircraft. When an aircraft flies in clouds with supercooled water droplets, water will accumulate on the wings and propellers, affecting the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft and causing a crash.