Bought potted plants-how to cultivate osmanthus trees?

Osmanthus fragrans, also known as Osmanthus fragrans, is a common variety of Osmanthus fragrans in Oleaceae, with golden yellow flowers, rich fragrance and large flowers, which bloom every autumn; Silver laurel, with white to light yellow flowers, blooms later than Jingui, and its fragrance and flowering quantity are not as good as Jingui; Dangui, with orange-red flowers, is lighter than Yin Gui; Osmanthus fragrans in four seasons, with milky yellow flowers, fragrance and long flowering period. Except for high temperature or cold, it can only bloom at other times, which is the most popular variety in the market. Origin and growth habits originated in China, mainly distributed in southwest and south-central China. They belong to temperate flowers, like warm and humid climate, can't stand the cold environment below 0℃, and it's not easy to open when the temperature is higher than 38℃. Like strong light, when the light is not strong (such as indoors), only long leaves are difficult to bloom, but a little shading at noon in summer is beneficial to their growth. Roots are afraid of long-term water accumulation, and water will rot the roots. The key point of purchase is to choose potted osmanthus fragrans, and choose products with symmetrical branches and low bifurcation parts. In the flower field, many kinds of osmanthus are underground, and potted plants are dug up when they are for sale. When we buy it back, no matter how carefully we cultivate it, it will still lose its leaves. Therefore, we should pay attention to the choice of products with small roots protruding from the drainage holes at the bottom of the basin. Osmanthus fragrans, which has just been potted, is fresh and soft, and can be distinguished with a little attention. The same is true for buying other wooden potted flowers. Proper placement According to the growth characteristics of osmanthus fragrans, it is better to place it on the southeast balcony. If you must put it indoors, you should also choose it in front of the southeast doors and windows, so that you can receive the light to the maximum extent. How to water potted osmanthus, from late autumn to early spring, wait until the pot soil is slightly dry or the leaves are a little wilted, and then water it once and for all. During the vigorous growth period in late spring and early autumn, water more. If you have no experience, you can water it once when the leaves are wilting, or wait until the surface of the pot soil is white and slightly cracked. Generally, when it is hot in summer, you can water it twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. It should be noted that if there is too much water supply, it will cause falling flowers. It is difficult to control the watering for family flowers. The most mechanical method is not to dry (wither) without watering, but to water thoroughly. When there is too much water, the leaves turn yellow. How to apply fertilizer after the spring? Fertilization should be started when the temperature rises above 15℃ at night. At this time, branches begin to grow and need fertilization. If compound fertilizer is used, the application amount is 4g each time (about a bottle cap of a small mineral water bottle), four small holes are drilled around the basin soil, the compound fertilizer is evenly put down, and then the soil is covered (the position should be changed when drilling next time), and the fertilizer is applied every 10- 15 days, and the fertilization is stopped when the temperature drops below 8℃ in autumn night. If organic fertilizer such as cake fertilizer is applied, the dosage per time is 65438+ 0/3 of the bowl (without water). If you buy packaged flower fertilizer from a flower shop, just follow the packaging instructions. If there is no packing instruction, ask clearly. Stop fertilizing as soon as the buds grow out. Overnutrition will cause buds to fall off (except Sijigui). Adjusting the temperature osmanthus is a little afraid of cold and heat. It grows only when the temperature is above 15℃ at night. For the northern region, to make it bloom during the National Day, it is necessary to move indoors before August and autumn, keep the temperature above 15℃, stop fertilization, water less (water after wilting), and then move out for maintenance in mid-September before it can bloom during the National Day. It is difficult to find some flower soil in the city now, so you can make it yourself. 5 bowls of garden soil (made on site) 1 bowl of yellow sand. If you can get some sawdust, you'd better add 1 bowl. If there is no sawdust, use half a bowl of yellow sand instead. This is just to provide a ratio. Stir these things thoroughly and evenly, and the flower soil will be ready. The reason for ventilation is that natural air circulation can increase the air humidity around potted flowers, increase the content of carbon dioxide around leaves, and recycle the air around leaves with germs (we will notice that moldy air is mostly a closed small space, and the air is not circulated, which is very conducive to the reproduction of various germs. This is the same as "running water does not rot"), which makes potted flowers less likely to get sick. Now many residential buildings have closed doors and windows, and the air is not circulating, especially in air-conditioned rooms. In order to save energy, the air conditioner only circulates indoor air and does not exchange with outdoor air, so its air will become more and more stale and the air humidity will be very low. Therefore, it is good for flowers and people to open doors and windows for ventilation sooner or later. How to prune before the temperature rises above 15℃ in spring, and use household scissors or sharp blades to cut off dead branches, twigs and branches with pests and diseases, so as to make way for new branches and not give opportunities for pests and diseases to propagate. Combined with the tree shape, in the growth period, a small number of unwanted new branches are removed, and limited nutrients are concentrated to make the flowers more lush. This is the same as people, "many children make the mother bitter." But be careful, you can't cut off all the new branches, because only new branches can grow flower buds. After the flowering period in beginning of autumn, it is necessary to combine the tree shape, thin some branches that are too dense, and cut off some branches that are particularly high. Propagation method: When the temperature rises to above 15℃ in early spring, the unbranched branches are cut to a length of about 10- 12 cm, with at least three leaf nodes or bud eyes, and inserted into a flowerpot filled with half a pot of nutrient soil with a depth of 1/3 (about 3-5 cm During the period, the film is exposed every 5-7 days for ventilation (one hour), and generally no water is needed. If it is too dry, you can spray some water with your mouth. Pest control If pests are found, household spray insecticides can be used; When diseases are found, the diseased leaves or branches are directly cut off. After-flower treatment and pot-turning maintenance according to the above method can make osmanthus grow well. After the next spring, osmanthus will be replaced with a slightly larger flowerpot. Put 3 cm of nutrient soil at the bottom of the big basin, add two caps of compound fertilizer and spread evenly; Then put the osmanthus down, cut off the root system outside the hole at the bottom of the pot, gently shake it a few times, pull it out together with the soil lump, be careful not to spread it out, put it in a big pot, add soil, press it slightly, and pour water. Osmanthus fragrans of Oleaceae. Evergreen trees, up to 10 m, with lush foliage. Leaves opposite, oval, slightly serrated, leathery, dark green. Drupe ovoid. Flowers are solitary in leaf axils or clustered at the top of branches. They are white, open from September to 65438+10, and have a strong fragrance. The fragrance is elegant, rich and distant, and fragrant: therefore, it has been praised as "the leaves are thick and green, the flowers are blooming with gold", "the fragrance is not in harmony with the fragrance of the group" and "dominating the whole fragrance of Sanqiu". There are many varieties of osmanthus. Generally speaking, those with yellow, white or light yellow flowers are called Yin Gui. The one with yellow flowers is called Jingui, and the one with orange-red flowers is called Dangui. Among them, Baylaurel has the strongest aroma and is the top grade of osmanthus. In addition, there is sweet-scented osmanthus, which is fragrant and elegant, but it can bloom many times in a row. Native to southwest and central China. Widely planted in the south of the Yangtze River, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Chengdu and other places are the most cultivated, Xianning, Hubei, Guilin, Guangxi and other places are more abundant, and potted plants are often used in all parts of North China. Osmanthus fragrans likes warm and humid climate, is cold-resistant, and is suitable for planting in sandy soil with sufficient sunshine and good drainage. Applying base fertilizer in winter and topdressing in early summer can promote growth and flowering. Generally, layering (ground pressure or high pressure), cutting or grafting are used for propagation. Osmanthus fragrans habit Osmanthus fragrans belongs to subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest area. The yellow one is called Jingui and the red one is called Dangui. There are autumn flowers, spring flowers, four seasons flowers and Chinese rose flowers, and the varieties of osmanthus are classified. At the same time, Wen Zhenheng's chronicle also described the cultivation, configuration and application of osmanthus in detail. In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Yunhao's Flower Mirror made a systematic record of osmanthus on the basis of predecessors, but after all, no monograph on osmanthus was published. Osmanthus fragrans variety Sijigui has formed a variety of cultivated varieties because of long-term artificial cultivation, natural hybridization and artificial selection, which is not easy to bolting. In recent years, the resources and varieties of Osmanthus fragrans have been extensively investigated in major cities all over the country, the flowering characters have been recorded on the spot, the characters of various Osmanthus fragrans have been analyzed and compared, the relatively stable genetic characters have been selected, and four Osmanthus fragrans varieties have been identified and sorted out by combining the traditional classification methods and the application in garden production. Osmanthus fragrans variety group: it blooms all year round, and there are varieties such as "laurel", "Osmanthus fragrans" and "Osmanthus fragrans". Yin Gui variety group: it blooms in autumn, and it is pure white, milky white and yellowish white. There are varieties such as Seed Yin Gui, Jiulong Guigui, Early Yin Gui, Late Yin Gui and Bai Jie. Jingui Variety Group: It blooms in autumn with lemon yellow to golden yellow flowers, including Dahua Jingui, Dayehuang, Huangchuan Jingui, Late Jingui and Round-leaf Jingui. Osmanthus fragrans variety group: It blooms in autumn, and its color is dark, orange yellow, orange red to vermilion. There are varieties such as "Dahuadangui", "Yadangui", "Zhusha Dangui" and "Broad Leaf Red". There are some varieties worthy of popularization and application in each variety group, such as Osmanthus fragrans and Phyllostachys macrophylla, which are small shrubs with a height of 0.5-1.5m. "Osmanthus fragrans" has a light yellow flower, and each node of the same branch blooms one after another, and flowers appear almost every day, hence the name. There are a large number of mother plants in Cangxi, Sichuan. "Big-leaf Buddha's Dingzhu" has milky white to pure white flowers, dense inflorescences and unique terminal inflorescences, which bloom continuously from spring to autumn. They have high ornamental value and can be potted indoors or planted outdoors in a large area. Different species or varieties can be selected for breeding according to different needs. For the purpose of picking flowers, high-yield types with dense flowers should be selected, such as "Huangchuan Jingui", "Jingui", "Seed Yin Gui", "Big Flower Dangui" and "Orange Red Dangui". For the purpose of seeing flowers and smelling fragrance, osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus cinnabarinus, Osmanthus fragrans and Osmanthus fragrans should be selected. Shrubbery, potted plants and bonsai should be selected from "Fusang", "Big Leaf Buddha's Fixed Pearl", "laurel", "Four Seasons Cinnamomum", "Kowloon Cinnamomum" and "Willow Cinnamomum". And take them as trees or choose "Huang Yingui with big leaves", "Jingui", "Dangui with big leaves" and "Jingui with big Dan" as the garden owners of Jing Yi. Some sweet-scented osmanthus bears fruit, while others bear no fruit. Drupe usually ripens in April-May of the following year, and it usually takes 5-6 years to blossom when sowing. Cutting branches, grafting and layering used for asexual reproduction can bloom in the same year. The Song Dynasty recorded: "When the moon is full of flowers, the flowers will be damaged, and the moon will be lost. It is important to know that everything in the world is in the clear autumn ",which points out the basic law of its flowering: that is, when the lunar calendar is full in August and May every year, osmanthus will bloom, and after half a month, the flowers will wither and the moon will be lacking. Osmanthus fragrans likes warmth, strong resistance, high temperature resistance and cold resistance. Therefore, we can spend the winter in the open air in the areas south of Qinling and Huaihe rivers in China. Osmanthus fragrans likes sunshine, but also can resist shade. In full light, it has lush foliage and dense flowers. In the shade, its branches and leaves are sparse and flowers are scarce. If potted indoors in the north, it is especially necessary to pay attention to sufficient light to facilitate growth and flower bud formation. Osmanthus fragrans is relatively humid, and it is forbidden to accumulate water, but it also has certain drought resistance. The ancients recorded a lot about the weather conditions of osmanthus flowers. Looking at the Moon at Fifteen Nights by Wang Jian in the Tang Dynasty includes "Coody Leng's Silent Wet Osmanthus fragrans", Liu Zongyuan's "Exposing Osmanthus fragrans in front of the mountain", Bai Juyi's "Steaming autumn air in the sky, golden waves picking yellow flowers in the middle of the month", and Lu You in the Song Dynasty's "Exposing wet fragrance in the secluded path, drying small windows in the setting sun". "Coody Leng" and "Mi Lu" in the poem mean that it will be cold in the morning and evening; "steaming" means that the weather will have a higher temperature again. This cold weather in the morning and evening and sultry weather in the daytime is not only beneficial to the nutrient accumulation of osmanthus trees, but also can promote the formation of rain dew and accelerate the flowering of osmanthus trees. Suzhou people call it "turpentine steaming". Around the Mid-Autumn Festival, the weather suddenly gets hot, just like summer. Once the osmanthus is steamed, it will rot and bloom for a long time. Osmanthus fragrans flowers need both a certain humidity and a certain temperature difference. Osmanthus fragrans is not strict with the soil. Except alkaline soil and low-lying land or soil that is too sticky and poorly drained, it can generally grow, but slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage is the most suitable. Osmanthus fragrans is resistant to chlorine, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and other harmful gases, and has strong dust adsorption ability, which is often used for greening in cities and industrial and mining areas. Osmanthus fragrans, also known as Osmanthus fragrans, is a small evergreen tree. It is a precious ornamental aromatic plant, which blooms in autumn and has a refreshing fragrance. Osmanthus fragrans is a specialty of China and one of the main spice raw materials in China. Osmanthus fragrans can extract aromatic oil and is a valuable perfume. Osmanthus fragrans wine, Osmanthus fragrans candy, Osmanthus fragrans candied fruit, perfume, soap and other flavors and fragrances made of pure Osmanthus fragrans oil sell well in domestic and foreign markets. 1, the main variety. There are many varieties of osmanthus fragrans, including Jingui, Yin Gui, Dangui, Sijigui and Gui Yue. Among them, Jingui has rich aroma, many flowers and high ornamental and economic value. Osmanthus fragrans has a long flowering period, which will bloom except in severe winter and heat, and it is the most prosperous in autumn, but its tree shape is short and its fragrance is light, so it is only suitable for garden planting and viewing. 2. Breeding methods. Osmanthus fragrans can be propagated by sowing, docking, cutting, layering and cutting. Generally, docking and cutting propagation are the main methods. The rootstock of docking is Ligustrum lucidum, which can bloom in the same year after jointing, and the docking time is mostly in summer. A large number of osmanthus seedlings can be propagated by cutting, and the time is mostly in February when the juice is about to flow out. In order to promote rooting and prevent diseases, cuttings were sprayed with 800- 1000 times trichlorfon solution 65438+ 0 month before cutting, disinfected with lime water 10- 15 days before cutting and sprayed with 65438+ before cutting. The cutting depth is 2/3, water it immediately after cutting, and always keep a certain humidity, and a sunshade net can be set on the seedbed. It will take root and sprout in about 2 months. Transplanting once in the second year and planting in the third year. 3. culture point. Osmanthus fragrans likes to do it. In addition to paying attention to watering and moisturizing when transplanting, irrigation is generally not needed, so good soil drainage is needed. Usually big trees branch once a year, and young trees branch 2-3 times. It can be applied every year in February, June and September or before flowering 1 time. It is not suitable to apply heavy fertilizer in the early stage of spring sowing, and pig manure and bean cake are the best fertilizers. During May and June of 65438+ 10, intertillage, loosen soil and weed should be done in time to keep soil moisture and avoid competition between weeds and trees for fertilizer. Osmanthus fragrans has developed root system, many fibrous roots, strong adaptability and easy survival after transplanting. Generally, trees under 20 years old are easy to transplant in spring and autumn. 4, harvesting and processing. 65438+1When flowers bloom in September and June, osmanthus fragrans is collected, mixed with alum (3.5%) and pressed. Squeeze the juice in a few days, keep the weight of the original flower, and then add the same amount of sugar to mix and put it into a jar, which can be used as raw materials for sweet-scented osmanthus buns, sweet-scented osmanthus jiaozi, sweet-scented osmanthus wine and sweet-scented osmanthus preserves. You can also use petroleum ether as solvent to extract the collected osmanthus fragrans, and the extract is clarified, filtered, concentrated under normal pressure and low pressure, and finally degassed to make the osmanthus fragrans extract. The yield of osmanthus fragrans extract is about 0. 17%. The pure oil of osmanthus fragrans can be obtained by repeatedly extracting the extract with ethanol, which is a natural and precious perfume. After leaching, appropriate amount of osmanthus essence and white sugar are added to osmanthus residue to become osmanthus sugar, which can be used to prepare general food.