Classical Chinese in Three Gorges Travel Notes

1. Ancient Three Gorges Travel Notes "Shi Zhongshan".

"Water" says: "There is Shi Zhongshan at the mouth of Poyang Lake." Li Daoyuan believes that under the Shi Zhongshan near the deep pool, the breeze vibrates the waves, and the water collides with the stone, making a sound like Hong Zhong. This statement is often doubted. If the bell rings in the water, even strong wind and waves can't make it sound, and it is a stone! It was not until the Tang Dynasty that Rip began to pay tribute to the remains that he got two stones and put them on the pool. After listening to them, the voice in the south sounded Hu, the voice in the north was crisp, and the fork stopped ringing. I think I understand. He thinks he has found the reason for Shi Zhongshan. The sound of stones is everywhere, and this is just named after the clock. Why?

In June of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Ding Chou, Yu, An, and Shi You, the eldest son, Mai, will go to Rao Dexing Wei and send him to Hukou, so that he can see the so-called stone clock. At the beginning of June in Genpox seven years, I went to Linru by boat from Decision. When I arrived in Linru, my eldest Ision Su Mai was about to take office in Dexing County, and I sent him to Hukou, so that I could meet the man named Shi Zhongshan. Gu Yu smiled and didn't believe it. To beat, take Mae by boat to the cliff. A thousand feet stand on the edge of a big stone, like a monster, and he wants to fight with people; Storks perched on the mountains, and human voices began, and they broke into the clouds; Some people cough and laugh in the valley, or call it a stork. I was scared to retreat, and suddenly there was a loud voice on the water, which was as clear as a ringing drum. The boatman was very afraid. I slowly observed that the mountains were full of caves and crevices, and I don't know how deep they were. Small surges came in and the waves stirred. The ship returned to the two mountains and entered the port. There are big stones flowing in it, which can seat 100 people. The air is full of tricks, feng shui and muffled cymbals, corresponding to the people facing it.

Because he smiled, he said, "What do you know? If stunned, Zhou didn't shoot; Wei Zhuangzi's songs are also bells. Ancient people are not good at bullying! " You don't have to look at anything with your eyes or listen to it with your ears. Can you just guess whether it exists or not by subjective assumptions? What Li Yuan saw and heard was almost the same as that of Yu Tong, but it was unknown. The scholar-officials refused to spend the night on the boat under the cliff, so they didn't know; Fishermen and navy know but can't talk. This is why there is no such name as Shi Zhongshan in the world. However, shallow people beat stones with axes to find out why Shi Zhongshan was named, because they thought they were named after the truth. So I wrote down the past, lamented the simplicity of Li Daoyuan, and laughed at Li Bo's shallowness.

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The water mirror said, "There is Shi Zhongshan at the mouth of Poyang Lake." Li Daoyuan felt that there was a deep pool below, and the breeze and the waves collided with water and stones, making a sound like a big clock. People often doubt this statement. Now put Zhong Qing in the water, even the wind and waves can't make it make a sound, let alone a stone! Until the Tang Dynasty, Rip excavated its remains, found two rocks by the deep pool, beat them and listened to their sounds. The sound of the south (that stone) is heavy and vague, the sound of the north (that stone) is crisp and loud, the drumstick stops (knocking), the sound is still spreading, and the lingering sound slowly disappears. He thinks he found this (named after Shi Zhongshan). But this statement, I am even more skeptical. Stones clang when they are knocked, which happens everywhere, but only this mountain is named after a clock. Why?

On Ding Chou Day in June of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, I went to Linru by boat from Ji 'an, and my eldest son, Mai Su, wanted to be the county commandant of Dexing County (now Dexing County, Jiangxi Province). I sent him to the mouth of the lake so that I could observe the mountain called Shi Zhongshan. The monk in the temple asked the child to take an axe and beat it in one or two places between the rocks. The noise is ridiculous. I don't believe it. At night, the moonlight was bright, and Mai Su and I came to the bottom of the cliff by boat alone. Huge rocks stand by, thousands of feet high, like fierce beasts and strange ghosts, and come at people hazily; The eagle that stayed in the nest on the mountain heard the sound and was scared to fly and sing in the sky; There is a sound like an old man coughing and laughing in the valley. Some people say it's a stork I was too scared to go back. Suddenly there was a loud sound from the water, which sounded like a continuous bell and drum. The boatman was very afraid. I slowly observed that there were caves and cracks in the stones at the foot of the mountain. I don't know their depth. Slight water waves poured into caves and cracks, and the impact produced such a sound. The ship circled between two mountains and was about to enter the harbor. There is a big stone in the middle of the current, which can seat hundreds of people. The middle is empty, and there are many holes. Swallow the wind and waves and spit them out, making a muffled cymbal sound, which echoes the previous sound, like music playing.

So I smiled and said to Mai Su, "Do you remember? It was Zhou's voice that didn't ring the bell; The sound of the ridge boring cymbals is the sound of Wei Zhuangzi singing the bell. Ancient people didn't lie to me! " Is it possible to infer the existence of everything from subjective imagination without seeing it with your own eyes and hearing it with your own ears? What Li Daoyuan saw and heard was probably the same as mine, but it was not detailed; After all, the scholar-officials didn't want to dock at the cliff by boat at night, so they couldn't know the truth. Fishermen (and boatmen) know it, but they can't express it in words. This is the reason why Shi Zhongshan's name has not been circulated in the world. The humble people, however, unexpectedly beat the rocks with axes, looking for the reason why (Shi Zhongshan) got its name, thinking that they had got the truth. So, I wrote it down, lamenting the brevity of Li Daoyuan's narrative and laughing at Li Bo's shallowness.

2. The classical Chinese "Three Gorges" is "green and dripping, with clear reflection." "Su Turbulence" and "Hui Qing" are dynamic, "Qing Chi" and "Reflection" are static, and the combination of dynamic and static makes the water more vivid. The Three Gorges Mountains are continuous (the mountains on both sides are connected without gaps), the mountains are high and steep, covering the sky) and the gorge is narrow (because the pavilion is at midnight and there is no sunset).

Summer water: the water is large (like a mausoleum in summer, blocked along the back) and the water is fast (Baidicheng is in the morning, Jiangling is in the evening), reflecting the unrestrained beauty.

Scenery of spring and summer: spring and beauty (Subichi, Hanging Spring Waterfall); In winter, it is quiet (clear and brilliant). Dynamic-static combination technology

Autumn scenery: The sad beauty of silence and desolation (Lin Su) highlights the characteristics of the Three Gorges Mountain.

Summer and autumn combine to contrast, with tension and relaxation. The object of scenery description can be divided into three aspects: scenery description, custom description and scenery description. The main content of landscape painting is natural scenery. Landscape painting in a broad sense includes man-made scenery, such as palaces, temples and gardens. In a narrow sense, landscape painting mainly refers to natural scenery, such as sun, moon, stars, clouds, mountains, deserts, tides, lightning and so on.

The function of scenery description: (1) to characters: 1. Contrast the characters' personalities; 2. Set off the emotions of the characters. (2) For the plot: 1. Explain the weather and environment ...; 2. Reveal the social background; 3. pave the way for the following plot; 4. Promote the development of the plot; 5. Express * * * (3) Feelings about the theme: 1. Revealing center; 2. (End) Deepen the theme and sublimate the emotion.

The article Three Gorges describes the changing scenery of the four seasons. In the description, the dynamic scenery of the Three Gorges is written as a whole by firmly grasping the changing characteristics of mountains and rivers and combining static and dynamic.

The author always writes about the wonders of the Three Gorges first, and then shows the scenery of the Three Gorges in different seasons. When reading this article, readers can not only flash the outline of the Three Gorges, but also feel the beautiful scenery of the four seasons of the Three Gorges.

Although the article rarely uses the direct lyric sentence of "it's fun", the full text still contains deep feelings in the writing of scenery, especially in the third and fourth paragraphs. "Plain" and "green" are bright and lovely colors, while "clear", "glorious", "majestic" and "lush" are admiration for water, trees, mountains and grass. Words such as "Su", "Ai" and "Mourning" all have an emotion. It is through this way of writing that the author achieves the artistic effect of blending scenes. Common sense of writers and works;

Li Daoyuan: Good Ci, a native of Fanyangzhuo County in the Northern Wei Dynasty. A famous geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

"Water Mirror Bamboo" is not only a geographical chronicle, but also a landscape travel note and folklore chronicle.

The Three Gorges refers to Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge.

3. Introduction to the authors of China's classical Three Gorges literature.

Li Daoyuan, an ancient geographer and essayist in China, was born in Fanyang County (now Gaobeidian City, Hebei Province) in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He is a hereditary Yongning Hou. I liked sightseeing when I was a teenager. Later, when he became an official, he traveled all over the country. Every time he visited places of interest, he also carefully surveyed the topography of the water surface and learned about coastal geography, landforms, soil, climate, people's production and life, and regional changes. He found that the ancient geography book "Water Mirror" lacked accurate records of the ins and outs of large and small rivers. However, due to the changes of the times and the rise and fall of cities, some rivers were diverted and renamed, but they were not supplemented and explained in the book. Li Daoyuan then personally annotated the water mirror.

geographical position

The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is one of the 65,438+00 scenic spots in China and the first of the 40 best tourist attractions in China. The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River starts from Baidicheng, Fengjie, Chongqing in the west and ends in Nanjinguan, Yichang, Hubei in the east. It is the general name of Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge. It is the most magnificent landscape corridor on the Yangtze River, with a total length of192km, and is often called "the Great Three Gorges". In addition, there are the "Little Three Gorges" in Daning River and the "Little Three Gorges" in Madu River. Here, there are peaks on both sides of the strait, the harbor is narrow and tortuous, and the beaches and reefs in the harbor are dotted with turbulent water. "There is water in the mountains, and there is water around the mountains. Sometimes, the coast and gables stand like axes, as if they want to help each other. Sometimes, dangerous cliffs stand in the water and are blocked by the current in the harbor. " Comrade Guo Moruo vividly described the magnificent scenery in the canyon area in his poem "Strange Road in Shu". In ancient China, there was a famous geographical work called Notes on Water Mirrors, which was written by Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty. There is a vivid narrative about the Three Gorges in the book: "Since the Three Gorges is 700 miles, the two sides of the Three Gorges are connected by mountains, and there is no gap. The rocks piled up layer by layer, blocking the sun and the sky. Since midnight, there has been no sunrise and no moon ... ". The Three Gorges straddles two provinces. There are mountains and steep cliffs on both sides of the river, and the scenery is amazing. The steep and continuous peaks on both banks are generally about 700-800 meters higher than the river. The narrowest part of the river is about 100 m; With the construction of the huge Three Gorges Project, it has become a world-famous tourist hotline. There are many beautiful scenic spots in the Three Gorges Tourist Area, among which the most famous are Fengdu Ghost Town, Shi Baozhai in Zhongxian County, Zhangfei Temple in Yunyang, Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge, Xiling Gorge, the majestic Three Gorges Project, Daning River Small Three Gorges and so on. There are three routes to visit the Three Gorges: 1, and enjoy the wonders of the Three Gorges from Shunjiang, Chongqing at a fast pace; 2. Visit the beautiful scenery of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuhan; 3. From Yichang, the east exit of the Three Gorges, enjoy the magical and beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River has unlimited scenery. The magnificence of Qutang Gorge, the beauty of Wuxia Gorge, the precipitousness of Xiling Gorge, and the magic and simplicity of Daning River, Xiangxi River and Shennong River in the Three Gorges make this world-famous landscape corridor full of weather-here, the peaks are stacked, the cliffs are facing each other, and the smoke cages are locked; The river here is surging, stormy and never looking back; The strange rocks here are majestic and resemble people. The caves here are grotesque, empty, deep and mysterious ... One mountain and one water, one scene and one thing in the Three Gorges are all picturesque, accompanied by many beautiful myths and touching legends, which make people fascinated.

The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is an outstanding place. This is one of the cradles of ancient culture in China, and the famous Daxi culture shines brightly in the long river of history. China's great patriotic poet Qu Yuan and the famous female Wang Zhaojun were born here. Green mountains and clear waters have left the footprints of poets such as Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Fan Chengda, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Lu You, and left many poems that have been sung through the ages. The Great Gorge and the Deep Valley were once the ancient battlefields of the Three Kingdoms, where countless heroes galloped and displayed their talents. There are also many famous places of interest here, such as Baidicheng, Huangling Temple and Nanjinguan ... They complement each other with the landscape here and are famous all over the world.

The Three Gorges is the place where people in Chongqing and Hubei provinces live, mainly inhabited by Han nationality and Tujia nationality, who all have many unique customs and habits. The annual dragon boat race on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month is a ritual activity held by the people of Chu township to express their respect for Qu Yuan. Badong's back-building world and Tujia's unique marriage customs are known as the national treasure of the fish-Chinese sturgeon. From 65438 to 0982, the Three Gorges, with its world-famous beautiful scenery and colorful human landscape, was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national scenic spots.

4. Classical Chinese translation of Three Gorges. Translation:

The 700-mile Three Gorges, flanked by continuous mountains, is not interrupted at all; Layers of cliffs, rows of cliffs block the sky and sunshine. If it is not noon, you can't see the sun; If it's not midnight, you can't see the moon. In summer, the rivers are everywhere, and the upstream and downstream routes are blocked. Sometimes the emperor's orders need urgent communication. At this time, as long as you leave Baidicheng in the morning and arrive in Jiangling at night, the distance between them is 1200 Li. Even if you ride a fast horse and drive a high wind, you are not as fast as a boat.

In spring and winter, you can see the white rapids spinning in the waves, and the green ponds reflect the shadows of various landscapes. On the highest mountain, there are many grotesque pines and cypresses, and Xuanquan Waterfall runs among the peaks. The water is clear, the trees are bright, the mountains are steep and the grass is in full bloom. It's really interesting.

In autumn, when the morning is sunny or frosty, trees and mountain streams are cool and quiet. Apes often have a low voice when they are high up. The voice continued to dim. The ape's voice echoed in the empty valley. Sad voice, long time no see. Therefore, the Three Gorges fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, the apes crow three times, and tears are spilled on their skirts."

Original text:

The Three Gorges, 700 Li, is surrounded by mountains on both sides, and there is no gap. Rocks piled up like mountains, blocking the sun and the sky. I haven't seen the rising moon since midnight in the pavilion. As for launching Xiangling, it is along the back block. Or the king ordered an emergency notice, sometimes going to Baidicheng and going to Jiangling at dusk. During this period, although he took the wind, he didn't get sick.

In spring and summer, the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear. There are many strange cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls, flying in the meantime, magnificent and interesting.

At the beginning of every sunny day, the frost shines, the forest is cold and sad, and there are often high apes whistling, which leads to sadness, the empty valley echoes, and the sadness turns to leisurely. So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the apes cry three times, and tears are spilled on their skirts."

Source: Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Mirrors in Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Extended data:

Creative background:

Li Daoyuan was born in an official family. When I was a child, I went to Shandong with my father to seek waterways. Later, he traveled the Qinling Mountains, north of Huaihe River and south of the Great Wall, inspected river valleys, collected relevant customs, historical stories, myths and legends, and created 40 volumes of Notes on Water Mirrors. Nominally, it is based on the annotation of Shui Jing Zhu, but actually it is a re-creation on the basis of Shui Jing Zhu.

About the author:

Li Daoyuan (? ~527), with a good personality, was born in Zhuozhou, Fanyang (now Zhuozhou, Hebei). A brutal official and geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the son of Li Fan, was the secretariat of Qingzhou. When I was a child, I visited the waterways with my father, read strange books, traveled all over the vast areas of Qinling Mountains, north of Huaihe River and south of the Great Wall, inspected river valleys, and collected local customs, historical stories, myths and legends. After becoming an official, my career was bumpy and I didn't do my best. Successively served as the assistant general of the suggestion and the northern governor, moved to Jizhou Changshi, Qingzhou secretariat, Luyang satrap, and Dongjingzhou secretariat, and transferred to Henan Yin to seal Yongningbo. Strict enforcement, thanks to the right ambassador.

In the third year of Xiaochang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (527), Guo Zihui was killed by treacherous court official Bao Xiao at Yinpan Post, and presented to the official department's ministers and Jizhou secretariat. Li Daoyuan has written 40 volumes of Notes on Water Classics, which is meaningful in writing and vivid in description. It is not only a colorful geographical work, but also a collection of beautiful landscape prose, which has become the pioneering work of China tourism literature and has a great influence on the development of tourism prose in later generations. In addition, he also wrote thirteen local chronicles and seven letters of appointment, but they have all been lost.