Special knowledge of geography and climate in senior three 2020

The more you can study happily, the happier you will feel. I hope everyone can understand this truth and understand it in a limited life. Let's share with you some special knowledge summaries of geography and climate in senior three, hoping to help you.

Factors affecting temperature:

1. Latitude (decisive factor): the temperature decreases from low latitude to high latitude (such as the division of five zones of heat, temperature and cold).

2. Atmospheric circulation (pressure belt, wind belt and monsoon): the influence of the nature and direction of airflow on temperature (near the source of winter wind, the temperature is low; Affected by the airflow from high latitudes, the temperature is low; )

3. Topography (height, topography, aspect):

(1) The higher the altitude, the lower the temperature (vertical decline rate -0.6℃/ 100m).

(2) The temperature in mountain basins and valleys is relatively high (in the same hot zone, the terrain acts as a barrier to cold air, such as: mountains are blocked, and winter winds are difficult to invade; Basin topography, not easy to dissipate heat in winter)

(3) The temperature on sunny slopes in mountainous areas is higher than that on shady slopes.

(4) At the leeward slope, there is scorching wind and the temperature is high.

4. Land and sea location:

(1) Due to the difference of thermal properties between land and sea, the temperature difference in areas (lakes and wetlands) that are greatly affected by the ocean is small; In areas affected by land, the temperature difference is large;

(2) The winter temperature in coastal areas is higher than that in inland areas, and the summer temperature is lower than that in inland areas; Inland areas are the opposite.

5. Ocean current: warm current: warming and humidifying; Cold current: cooling and dehumidification

6. Human activities: heat island effect, greenhouse effect, etc

Factors affecting daily temperature range (temperature difference between day and night):

1. Latitude: low latitude area >; High latitude areas (reasons: low latitude, high sun altitude and small daily variation)

2. season: mid-latitude summer > winter

3. topography: concave land (such as basin and valley) > convex land (such as hills and hilltops); The plateau is larger than the plain with low altitude.

4. underlying surface properties: land >；; Ocean; Sandy soil > clay, dark soil >: light soil, dry loose soil > wet compaction; Dryland > paddy field

5. Weather conditions: sunny > cloudy.

Factors affecting the temperature annual range:

1. Latitude: low latitude is small, high latitude is large (the higher the latitude, the greater the annual variation of the noon sun height, the greater the annual variation of the length of day and night, so the greater the annual variation of the temperature; The opposite is true at low latitudes);

2. The nature of underlying surface: the ocean is smaller than the land, the coast is smaller than the inland, and the vegetation is smaller than the bare land;

3. Weather conditions: The places with more clouds and rain are smaller than those with less clouds and rain.

Factors affecting solar radiation (illumination):

1. Latitude: low latitude, high noon sun angle and high solar radiation intensity (sufficient sunshine); The days are long and sunny.

2. Altitude: The altitude is high, the air is thin, and the atmosphere has a weak weakening effect on solar radiation, while the solar radiation is strong (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China).

3. Weather conditions: less precipitation, more sunny days and sufficient solar radiation (Northwest China).

4. Air density (atmospheric transparency)

Factors affecting precipitation:

1. Atmospheric circulation (pressure zone, wind zone and monsoon):

(1) pressure area and wind area: there is more precipitation in the control area of low pressure area and less precipitation in the high pressure area; The west is rheumatic and dry, while the east coast of the mainland brings water vapor and more precipitation because the trade winds come from the ocean;

(2) The areas affected by summer monsoon are warm, humid and rainy; Winter winds affect dry and rainless areas.

2. Terrain:

(1) Topographic precipitation: windward slope, topographic uplift, forming topographic precipitation, with more precipitation; The leeward slope has less precipitation.

(2) Terrain type: the plain is conducive to the infiltration of water vapor, the basin and valley are closed, the plateau is high, and it is difficult for water vapor to enter.

(3) Mountain range: parallel to the airflow direction, which is beneficial to water vapor infiltration; Vertical to the direction of air flow, to prevent water vapor from penetrating.

3. Land and sea location: close to the sea, greatly influenced by the ocean, with sufficient water vapor and much precipitation; The farther away from the sea, the less affected by ocean water vapor and the less precipitation.

4. Ocean current: warm current: warming and humidifying; Cold current: cooling and dehumidification

5. Human activities: changing the underlying surface affects precipitation, such as urban rain island.

Description of spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation

Description: decreasing or increasing from-to-; -there is more precipitation in the area and less precipitation in the area; The spatial difference of precipitation is large (small).

Influencing factors of fog and frost:

1. Humidity (near rivers, lakes and reservoirs);

2. Terrain (low-lying land, in mountainous areas);

3. Dust (roadside, urban area, construction site, mining area)

Influencing factors of wind power generation:

1. Pressure gradient force: dense isobars, large horizontal pressure gradient force and strong wind force;

2. Distance from the high-pressure center: The closer to the high-pressure center, the greater the wind force;

3. Friction (open ground, on the sea): The smaller the friction, the greater the wind;

4. How much vegetation: sparse vegetation and strong wind;

5. Terrain (narrow tube effect at the mouth of the valley, on the plateau): the narrow tube effect appears and the wind is strengthened.

Geographical phenomena related to climate:

1. Explain "Shu dog barks at the sun" from a geographical perspective?

Because there is a lot of water vapor in Sichuan basin, it is not easy to spread, so it rains continuously. Dogs there don't often see the sun. When they see the sun, they will feel strange and bark.

2. Why does it rain at night in Bashan?

Mountain breeze blows in Sichuan Basin at night, carrying cold air down the slope, and the warm and humid air in the valley rises into rain.

3. What's missing in Ya 'an?

Ya 'an is located in the western edge of Sichuan Basin, with high terrain in the north and low terrain in the west, high terrain in the east and low terrain in the west, forming a trumpet-shaped terrain. Warm and humid air currents from the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean converge here and rise to form topographic precipitation.

4. Why does Kunming "have no cold and heat in four seasons (four seasons are like spring), and it becomes autumn when it rains"?

(1) It is not hot in summer because it is located in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau with high altitude and low temperature, and it is not cold in winter because it is sunny on the warm air side of the quasi-static front, so it is warm in winter and cool in summer.

(2) Once it rains, the clouds weaken the solar radiation, so that the solar radiation reaching the ground decreases and the temperature drops rapidly.

5 Why is Guiyang "sunny for three days"?

(1) As winter, spring and autumn are on the cold air side of the quasi-static front, there is more rainfall on the front.

(2) Affected by warm and humid southeast and southwest winds in summer, there is a lot of terrain precipitation, so it rains all year round.

6. Why does Guiyang freeze in winter?

(1) is located in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau with high altitude and low temperature.

(2) It is located on the cold air side of the quasi-static front, with low temperature and rainy weather.

7. What is the reason for the "one flood peak a day" in Xinjiang?

Rivers in Xinjiang are mainly replenished by melting water from alpine snow and ice. During the day, the temperature rises, and a large amount of snow and glaciers melt, forming flood peaks. At night, the temperature drops, the melting amount of glaciers decreases, and the flood peak recedes.

Evolution of frontal rain belt in eastern China:

The movement law of frontal rain belt is as follows: it landed in the southeast coastal area in May; In June, after the rain belt moved to the Yangtze River basin, it swung around the Jianghuai area for about a month, forming rainy weather; In early July, the rain belt began to move westward and northward, and reached North China and Northeast China in July and August. Because of the strong and concentrated precipitation, it caused waterlogging in summer. At this time, summer drought weather appeared in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (southwest and Guangdong provinces were also affected by the southwest monsoon in June, July and August). The rain belt moves south in September, and the rainy season in China ends in 10.

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