Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Memory methods and skills of geographical knowledge
Memory methods and skills of geographical knowledge
Memory method of geographical knowledge
1, Discovery Memory Method
The so-called discovery memory method is a method to strengthen memory by discovering problems and focusing on solving problems in the process of learning and reviewing geography. For example, when students attend classes, do problems and answer questions, they often find that their concepts are unclear, the main points are irrelevant and forgotten. In view of these problems, we should solve them one by one in a down-to-earth manner according to the textbooks. This is also a process of re-learning and reviewing, and it is also a process of strengthening memory. Especially when reviewing, we should systematize and generalize the geographical knowledge we have learned and review it chapter by chapter, so that we can find our own weak links, solve them in time, understand and learn, and strengthen our memory.
2, formula memory method
This method is catchy, interesting, concise, novel and unique. It is not only easy to learn and understand, but also easy to remember. It is a veritable regional fast food.
For example, learn the abbreviations of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the Geography of China and their formulas (see the map of national administrative regions):
Black, Kyrgyzstan and Liaoning; Inner Mongolia, Beijing and Tianjin;
Jin, Ji, Lu; Shaanxi (Qin), Gansu (Gansu) and Xin;
Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan; Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi;
Sichuan (Shu), Guizhou (Guangxi) and Yunnan (Yun); Ning, Qing and Tibetan;
Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian; Taiwan Province, Guangdong and Guangxi;
Hainan Jane Qiong, good memory.
Another example is the formula of the main mountain ranges in China: (see topographic map of China)
Himalaya (mountain), Hengduan Mountain,
Mount Gangdise and Kunlun,
Tianshan and Qilian mountains,
Altai Mountain, Helan Mountain,
Changbai Mountain, Daxinganling Mountains,
Yinshan Mountain, Yanshan Mountain and Taihang Mountain,
Keywords Qinling Mountain, Wushan Mountain, Dabie Mountain,
Nanling Mountain, Wuyishan Mountain and Taiwan Province Mountain.
Formula memory method is most suitable for younger students, and it is an effective method for them to learn geography. Generally speaking, they are good at reciting, and the effect will be better if they can refer to the map for memory.
3, contact memory method
Is to connect memories with points and extend surfaces with lines. For example, take the railway station as a point, then widen around along the railway line, or extend the surface to remember. Of course, you can take any city or other important geographical things as a point, extend the line and expand the area, and remember each other.
For example, when studying the main railway traffic in five provinces in northwest China, we should first take Xi 'an as a point, go west along the Longhai Line, pass through Baoji, then go northwest to Lanzhou. Take Lanzhou as the point, along the Lanxin line to the northwest, to Urumqi; From Lanzhou to the northeast, along the Baolan line through Yinchuan to Baotou, Inner Mongolia; From Lanzhou to the west, along the Lanqing Line to Xining. From Xining to the west, it is the Xining-Golmud section of the Qinghai-Tibet line.
From Baoji to the south, along Baocheng Line, via Yangpingguan to Chengdu, to the east, along Yang 'an Line, via Hanzhong to Ankang. Ankang is a stop in the middle section of the Xiang-Yu line from Xiangfan to Chongqing.
From the distribution of railway lines, Lanzhou is the largest railway hub station in northwest China. In addition, Longhai Line, Lanxin Line and Urumqi-Almaty Line, the capital of Kazakhstan, are the eastern lines of the Eurasian Continental Bridge.
4, picture memory method
Geographical pictures can vividly reflect geographical things and geographical phenomena, arouse students' enthusiasm for learning geography, help students understand and master textbook knowledge, and cultivate students' observation ability. Therefore, when learning, appropriate use of pictures corresponding to the learning content will get good results. The Atlas of China, suitable for senior high school, contains 44 large and small maps. There are Xing 'an Forest Farm and Dalian Xingang; Loess Plateau, a cotton field in North China; Shanghai Bund, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River; Guilin landscape, Xisha scenery; Gezhouba, Sun Moon Lake, etc. There are more pictures in the textbook. When learning the corresponding chapters, you should first look at the pictures. If we study the natural belt of the tropical rain forest, first look at the landscape pictures of the tropical rain forest, students will come to the conclusion that plants are particularly dense, trees and shrubs are mixed with herbs, and there are many tree species. There are elephants and rhinos on the ground, crocodiles and hippos in the water. There are apes and orangutans crawling in the trees, and all kinds of birds are flying in the air. Students will feel the diversity and complexity of plants and animals in the tropical rain forest. When learning the content of the textbook, it is easy to understand how these characteristics are formed and can be further analyzed. So it has something to do with the climate of the tropical rain forest. Therefore, using geographical pictures is an indispensable means to learn geography.
5, analogy memory method
From the perspective of causality, if the basic elements are the same, the conclusions must be the same. The climate around the Mediterranean is characterized by rainy winters and dry summers. Because it is located on the west coast of the continent of 30 ~ 40 N; It is influenced by the west wind in winter and controlled by the subtropical high in summer. So we can see that under such conditions, there is a Mediterranean climate with winter rain and summer drought. North America, South America, Africa and Australia in the southern hemisphere.
6, map memory method
Look at the map, look at the map, draw a schematic diagram, etc. It is the most basic method to learn geography, which is easy to learn, fast, simple and practical. In principle, the whole learning process, from study to review, can't leave the map. Because map is an important intuitive language in geography, it can vividly and accurately represent all kinds of geographical things on the ground, and of course it can also reflect all kinds of geographical things. Through the map, we can determine the geographical orientation and regional scope, show the size, height, distance, shape and distribution of geographical things, make it easy to clarify the mutual relationship and internal relationship between geographical elements, and make it easy for students to understand geographical laws. Reading and analyzing pictures can develop and enrich students' imagination and logical thinking ability, broaden students' horizons and gradually establish the spirit of daring to explore nature, the earth and the universe.
Learn all kinds of climate types and learn according to the picture, which is easy to remember and understand. For example, the East Asian monsoon caused by the thermal difference between land and sea is the most obvious and powerful monsoon region in the world. This is determined by the nature of the pressure field in winter and summer. In winter half a year, the temperature in the Asian continent is low, forming Mongolia and Siberia high pressure areas; The relative temperature on the east side of the Pacific Ocean is higher than that on the mainland at the same latitude, forming the Aleutian low pressure area in the North Pacific Ocean and the equatorial low pressure area south of the equator. The general trend is that the land high pressure and the offshore low pressure naturally change in temperature and pressure gradient, thus forming a northerly wind blowing from the land high pressure area to the offshore low pressure area, which is called winter wind. In summer, the temperature field and the pressure field are opposite, so the wind direction is also opposite.
In fact, the above monsoon questions and some geography questions are not clear maps, but in essence, you need to answer the questions accurately, and you need to have a bright map of Asia or the world in your mind to answer them comprehensively and accurately.
It is easy to learn the maps of China's provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and administrative regions of China. Therefore, we can also grasp the mutual position, orientation and graphics of various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities as soon as possible. If you don't look at the picture and only remember the name, it is inevitable that you will remember it today and forget it tomorrow, which is actually equal to air-to-air. But it is not enough to know and be familiar with the map. You should understand maps before you can analyze them. We can link the content of the map with the existing geographical concepts, and gain new knowledge through analysis.
Memory skills of geographical knowledge
1, azimuth method
For example, in the teaching process of the Three-North Shelterbelt Network of Geography of China, the abbreviations of the twelve provinces, cities and districts spanned by the Three-North Shelterbelt Network were changed from east to west: Heilongjiang, Jilin and western Liaoning in the northeast, Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia in the north and Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang in the northwest. In this way, students can remember it more easily.
Another example is high school geography. In the early days of liberation, there were only nine mega-cities with a population of over one million in China, which increased to 20 with the development of industry. Taipei and Kaohsiung in Taiwan Province Province, and Hong Kong in Hong Kong and Macao all have populations of over one million. According to the order in the book, it is difficult for students to remember that it is very inconvenient to look up maps from east to west and from south to north. China's megacities with a population of more than one million are roughly blue in geographical distribution. In teaching, first write a blue word on the blackboard, and then fill in cities such as Beijing and Tianjin in the order of blue strokes, and guide students to look at the illustrations in the textbook and compare them with the blackboard drawings. This makes it easier for students to remember.
2. Understanding method
Find out the internal relations of geographical things, sum up the laws and consciously remember them. Such as "World Geography" World Climate, this section is both the focus and the difficulty of this book. It affects the regional climate learning of countries on all continents in the following chapters. At the same time, this section is theoretical, heavy and has many clues, which makes it difficult for students to master. In order to teach this lesson well, teachers should make clear the main factors affecting climate, the distribution law, characteristics and causes of various climate types when preparing lessons. When giving lectures, students grasp the internal relationship between them, which is easy to understand and remember.
3. Homophonic method
Associate new place names with familiar things to remember.
Such as the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, two inland rivers in Central Asia of the former Soviet Union. In central Anhui, Eminem and Aman, Si Er and Xi 'er are close sounds. In the lecture, first guide students to look at the map to understand the geographical location, birthplace and injection place of the two rivers, and then say that the grandmother loves her son. In this way, the use of homophones can stimulate students' interest in listening to lectures and help them remember, but students must be asked to make the original words clear to prevent confusing the false with the true.
4. Contrast method
Arrange similar or opposite geographical knowledge in order by comparison. For example, China is a vast country. In order to let the students know that the total area of China is 9.6 million square kilometers, some comparisons can be made as follows: China is 38 times the area of Britain, more than 25 times that of Japan, more than 5 times the total area of major capitalist countries such as Britain, France, Germany and Japan, and the third largest country in the world, second only to the former Soviet Union and Canada. So as to form a huge concept of the motherland in students' minds.
Quick geography scoring skills
Look at the geography map of high school first.
Geography learning in senior high school is inseparable from maps, so we must attach importance to them. Knowing and using maps is also the most important basic skill of geography. There are all kinds of colorful illustrations in geography textbooks for senior high schools, which, together with words, make the presentation of teaching materials more intuitive, vivid and vivid. When studying, both physical geography and human geography should pay attention to the study and application of maps. Only by combining pictures and texts can we better know, understand and master all kinds of geographical things and phenomena, geographical laws and principles, and make geography easy to understand, learn, remember and use.
Second, cultivate interest in geography.
Geography is an ancient and modern science, which studies the geographical environment and the relationship between human activities and geographical environment. It is a rich, comprehensive and practical subject. Through this lesson, the students know why. Know astronomy above and geography below? It is often described that a person is knowledgeable and knows that daily weather forecast, TV news, travel and college entrance examination newspaper all need geographical knowledge. From the traditional symbols of British gentlemen: hats and umbrellas reflect the local climate, it is inferred that the climate is mainly influenced by the west wind, and it can be found that high-end houses in Britain are generally chosen in the west of the city. Then it leads to good feng shui in Zhanjiang, and so on. Students' interest in learning geography has greatly increased, and it will be more relaxed and enjoyable to learn geography in senior high schools that is useful in life.
Third, review high school geography knowledge points in time
There are three compulsory volumes of geography in senior high school, and compulsory 1 is physical geography, which is the most difficult to learn. It is closely related to physics, chemistry and mathematics, and should be studied by scientific learning methods. Compulsory 2 human geography, compulsory 3 regional geography, the learning difficulty is greatly reduced, but there are many memories, emphasizing the application of principles to solve practical problems, and it is not easy to get high marks. No matter which book you study, you should make full use of your spare time (before and after lunch break or evening break) and review it immediately. You can lie in bed and meditate on the big points you have learned in class. Each big dot contains several small dots. If you can't remember, you can open the book and have a look. You can also find a few classmates to review together, which can save time and prevent forgetting. If you have enough time, you should read a book first, and then do your homework or practice. Practice first, then answer the questions, and find out the mistakes, the effect will be better. A week later, make a summary. After learning a chapter, summarize this chapter and build its knowledge framework. This review process, if problems are found and solved in time, can be discussed with classmates or consulted by teachers, or not? Many a mickle makes a mickle? Wait until the exam to review together, which is not good for geography.
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