Brief introduction of Wang Xizhi

Wang Xizhi (303-36 1 year), a Han nationality, was a man of few words. He was more than seven feet long (about 1.83 meters). He was originally from Linyi (present-day Shandong) and later moved to Yin Shan (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang) as a general of the right army. His son Wang Xianzhi's handwriting is also very good. People call them "Two Kings", and another son, Wang Ningzhi, is a general of the right army, and is called "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". Representative works include: Le Yi Lun in regular script, Huang Ting Jing, Seventeen Guas in cursive script, Gua for Aunt in Running Script, Gua for Quick Snow Clear, Gua for Mourning, Preface to Lanting Collection in Running Script, etc. Intensive study of body posture, imitation of heart and pursuit of hand, learning from others' strengths, and casting in one furnace created a running script of "natural, rich in gods and the world", which was praised as "the sage of books" by later generations. Among them, Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection is highly praised by calligraphers and is called "the best running script in the world". Wang Xizhi has profound attainments in original works, cursive script and calligraphy. Modern Liu Duo once praised Wang Xizhi's calligraphy: "The only good word is Wang Xizhi".

all one's life

I learned books from my uncle, and later from Mrs Wei, which showed me the famous calligrapher since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Zhang Zhi in cursive script, and Zhong You in formal writing. I am good at being a good official, careless, upright and upright, versatile, learning from others and preparing various styles. I got rid of the writing style of Han and Wei dynasties and became a family of my own. The brushwork is open and bright, and the structure is rigorous. Huang Tingjing and Le Yi Lun are the most important regular script. Preface to Lanting is the most important running script; The cursive script is "Sticking Clear Snow" and "Sticking at the First Eye". As a national treasure, Emperor Taizong called on the world to copy his calligraphy, and his calligraphy became authentic instead of Han and Wei brushwork. His calligraphy is known as "floating like a cloud, nimble as a dragon" and "iron calligraphy and silver hooks are the best in ancient and modern times", which was passed down from Buddhism as "the sage of calligraphy", and his running script Preface to Lanting was buried with Li Shimin. Now all the copies are handed down from generation to generation.

He believes that raising geese can not only cultivate sentiment, but also understand the truth of calligraphy from some gestures of geese. One morning, Wang Xizhi and his son Wang Xianzhi took a boat tour of Shaoxing. When they arrived near Xianshui Village, they saw a flock of white geese on the shore, staggering and dawdling. Wang Xizhi was fascinated by these white geese and wanted to buy them home. Wang Xizhi asked the Taoist priest nearby, hoping that the Taoist priest could sell him the goose. The Taoist priest said, "If the right army adults want it, please write a Taoist health book" Huang Ting Jing "for me! Wang Xizhi longed for geese and readily agreed to the conditions put forward by the Taoist priest. This is the story of "Wang Xizhi gave the White Goose Book".

At the age of twenty, A Qiu Chi Jian sent someone to Wang Dao's house to choose a son-in-law. At that time, people paid attention to family status, and the door was right. When Wang Dao's son and nephew heard that Qiu's family was coming to propose marriage, they all dressed up in disguise, hoping to be selected. Only Wang Xizhi, as if he didn't hear anything, was lying on the bamboo couch in the east, eating baked wheat cakes in one hand and painting clothes in the other. When people came back, they reported what they saw to Xi Taiwei. When he knew that there was a quiet Wang Xizhi leaning on the east couch, he couldn't help clapping his hands and cheering. This is the son-in-law I want! So Chi Jian married his daughter Xi Jun to Wang Xizhi. This story has become two allusions of "East Bed" and "Lingtan".

There are more idioms on him than that. It is said that on one occasion, he wrote his words on a board and gave them to a sculptor for carving. The man cut the board with a knife, only to find that his handwriting was printed two-thirds deep in the board. This is the origin of the idiom "cut to the chase".

Tang Feng Sucheng copied the Preface to the Lanting Collection, the best calligraphy work of Wang Xizhi's life, and the Preface to the Lanting Collection was the first one. That was his work in middle age.

There is a custom in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Every year on March 3rd of the lunar calendar, people go to the river to play, so as to eliminate the ominous. This is called [repair]. On March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe, Wang Xizhi and some scholars, 4 1 * * *, went to the Lanting River to build a temple. Everyone is writing poems while drinking. After the poem was written, everyone collected it and synthesized a book, Preface to Lanting Collection, with Wang Xizhi recommending himself as the preface. At this time, Wang Xizhi was drunk. He took advantage of the wine, picked up a moustache pen and waved it on the cocoon paper. This preface is "Preface to Lanting Collection", which is a famous article throughout the ages. This post is a draft with 28 lines and 324 words. Described the scene of the collection of literati at that time. Because the author was in high spirits and was very proud of his writing. It is said that I couldn't write anymore. Among them, there are more than twenty "zhi" characters, which are written in different ways. Mi Fei in Song Dynasty called it "the best running script in the world". According to legend, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, collected the Preface to Lanting before his death and was buried in Zhaoling after his death. What's left is just a copy of others. What people see today is a Preface to Lanting. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy works are very rich. Besides Preface to Lanting Collection, there are other famous calligraphy works, such as Guan Nu Tie, Seventeen Tie, Two Xie Tie, Orange Tie, menstruation Tie, Quick Snow Clear Tie, Le Yi Lun, Huang Tingjing and so on. The main characteristics of his calligraphy are peaceful and natural, the brushwork is euphemistic and subtle, graceful and restrained, and later generations commented that "if you float in the clouds, you may be surprised by moss." Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is beautiful.

After the Han Dynasty, after more than 60 years of tripartite confrontation, it entered the Jin Dynasty. Calligraphy has reached another peak. The cursive writing method of official script is called official script, which decomposes the basic structure of official script and only keeps waves, which is mainly used to write the memorial, so it is also called Zhanghui. The representative calligraphers who wrote Cao Zhang are You Shi, Huang Xiang and Suo Jing. On the basis of Cao Zhang, this kind of grass appeared again. At the same time, regular script and running script appeared It can be said that in the Jin Dynasty, seal script, official script, cursive script, running script and regular script were all available.

Regular script and running script in Jin Dynasty achieved the greatest success and had the greatest influence on later generations. The representative calligraphers are Zhong You and Wang Xizhi.

Zhong You (15 1-230) was born in Yingchuan Changshe (now east of Changge County, Henan Province). He was a teacher during the Cao Wei period. He is good at official script, regular script and various running scripts, especially regular script. His calligraphy was appraised as "the ancestor of regular script" in Xuanhe Pu Shu in Song Dynasty. His regular script inherited the legacy of official script in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is divided into eight parts, which are ingenious and dense, natural and quaint. He wrote "Crane's Solution to the Table", which is quite ambitious, and was praised by Liang Wudi's ZSZSZSZ as "swimming in the sea and dancing cranes in the sky". His regular script also has the brushwork of official script. His other works include Manifestation Table, Life Table of the Force and Reply.

In the 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (353), on the third day of the third lunar month, when Wang Xizhi and Xie An, Sun Chuo and other 4/kloc-0 people were in Lanting, Shaoxing (an activity to drive away diseases and ominous), everyone drank and wrote poems, which were included in the anthology, and Xi made an impromptu preface. This is the famous Preface to Lanting. This post is a draft with 28 lines and 324 words. Described the scene of the collection of literati at that time. Because the author was in high spirits and was very proud of his writing. It is said that I couldn't write anymore. Among them, there are more than twenty "zhi" characters, which are written in different ways. Mi Fei in Song Dynasty called it "the best running script in the world". According to legend, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, collected the Preface to Lanting before his death and was buried in Zhaoling after his death. What's left is just a copy of others. Wang Xizhi (303-36 1, 32 1-379), whose real name was Shao Yi, was born in Linyi, Shandong Province, and later moved to Huiji, where he lived in seclusion in Jinting County in his later years. Good at calligraphy, known as the "book saint"

Wang served as the secretary of General Ningyuan and the secretariat of Jiangzhou. Later, it was the literature and history of Huiji, and the right general was called "Wang Youjun". In March of the 11th year of Yonghe (355), he claimed to be ill and abandoned his official position, and moved to Jinting with his son Cao. Build a library, plant mulberry, teach children, write poems, and do calligraphy and painting entertainment. And with Xu Xun, Zhi Dun and other celebrities, all over the landscape. Since Wang settled in Jinting, calligraphy has risen. His descendants are good at painting and calligraphy, and their works are hung all over the hall and study, so they are called "Huayuan Painting Hall". Later generations named the village "Huatang" and have been calling it so ever since. Wang Xizhi's remains are all over the county. Duxiu Mountain, west of Shengli West, is Wang Xizhi's reading place, and the plaque of "Old Tour Place of Right Army" is hung in guanyin temple on the mountain. The main temple in Taoyuan Township is built in the foothills, with Wang Youjun as the township owner. Xizhiping of Lushan Mountain in the north of Shengsheng, Yin Qing Temple in the east of Shengsheng, and Wanghanling at the junction of Shengsheng, etc. They are all places for Wang's recreation, and there are still traces to be found so far.

In the fifth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (36 1), Wang was buried in Jinting Waterfall Mountain (also known as Ziteng Mountain), and the home of the fifth Sun Heng was Jinting Temple, and the site still exists. During the reign of Liang Datong (535-546), Sun Jianyou Temple was built in front of the tomb, and a bookstore and Mo Chi were built beside the temple. Tang Peitong is the author of Jin Ting Guan Jin Youjun Bookstore Mo Chi's Book. In the seventh year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (6 1 1), Sun Zhiyong, a seven-monk, instructed his disciple Shang Gao (Shaomen of Yongxin Temple in Xing Wu) to go to the Jinting to pay homage to the grave, and wrote an exhibition on the Tomb of Waterfall Mountain to erect a monument in front of the grave. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Tuguan erected a monument to the right of the tomb. In the fifteenth year of Hongzhi (1502), the stone tablet of "Wang Jin You Jun Tomb" was rebuilt, and it still exists today. In the winter of the 29th year of Qing Daoguang (1849), Wang's successor built the memorial archway of the right army in Jintingguan, which is still well preserved.

When it comes to the love of geese, Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, is the most prominent one. Here is a story:

It is said that Wang Xizhi, a noble and virtuous man, was not interested in being an official, so he left the noisy and boring capital and came to Jiangnan with pleasant scenery. When he lived in Shaoxing, he often wandered around Zeguo, a water town, to observe geese. Goose after goose, with neat and beautiful feathers and elegant posture. Some of them float, some sing and some play. ..................................................................................................................................................................................

One day, he was surprised to find that a goose had an unusual appearance. Its feathers are as white as snow, its crown is as red as a jewel, and its sound is particularly pleasing to the ear. He loved it so much that he immediately sent someone to ask around. He wants to buy this goose, even if it costs twice as much. It turns out that the owner of the goose is a white-haired old woman. The old man has no relatives around him, only this white goose is his companion. Although her family is poor, geese are reluctant to part with it. After learning these things, Wang Xizhi fully understood the old man's feelings and said that he would not buy this precious goose. For observation, he decided to call home. Besides, the old woman was very happy to hear that the calligrapher Wang Xizhi was going to visit her home, but how to entertain the guests? The old man was worried when suddenly there was a cry of "Oh-ah-"in the yard. Oh, yes, in order to entertain guests, the old man killed his beloved white goose and cooked a delicious dish, waiting for the arrival of Wang Xizhi. In a short time, Wang Xizhi walked into this humble hut with hurried steps. When he learned that the warm and generous host had brought the only thing he loved to entertain the guests, his eyes were moist: he felt sorry for the death of the goose, and was even more moved by the kindness of the host ... So he asked someone to find an ink pen, write it on the hexagonal bamboo fan he brought with him, and handed it to the old woman, saying, "Old man, I have nothing to thank you for. Please take this fan to the market for 100 yuan. The old man refused, and said with deep affection: This is my little gift to your old man!

Wang Xizhi writes with a pool of water.

When Wang Xizhi was young, he practiced calligraphy very hard. It is said that he practiced calligraphy with a broken brush and piled it into a hill, which people called "Pen Mountain". There is a small swimming pool next to his home. He often washes brushes and inkstones in this pool. Later, the water in the small pool turned black, so people called this small pool "Mo Chi".

Wang Xizhi writes about geese.

Wang Xizhi was a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was born in the gentry, and with his outstanding talent, all the ministers in the court recommended him to be an official. He is the secretariat and general of the right army (people also call him Wang Youjun). Wang Xizhi loved writing since he was a child. It is said that when I usually walk, I also practice writing with my fingers at any time. After a long time, even the clothes were cut. When I was an official, I practiced calligraphy and washed pens from the pool in the backyard. Over time, the pool was dark. After studying hard and practicing hard, Wang Xizhi's calligraphy became more and more famous. People at that time regarded his calligraphy as a treasure. It is said that once, Wang Xizhi went to a village. An old woman went to a charity sale with a basket of hexagonal bamboo fans. That kind of bamboo fan is very simple, without any decoration, which can't attract the interest of passers-by. It seems that it can't be sold, and the old woman is very anxious. Seeing this situation, Wang Xizhi felt sorry for the old woman, so he went up to her and said, "You can't sell this bamboo fan because there are no pictures or words on it." How about I write an inscription for you? " The old woman doesn't know Wang Xizhi. Seeing his enthusiasm, she wrote him a bamboo fan. Wang Xizhi took a pen, wrote five words on each fan and gave them back to the old woman. The old woman can't read, and she feels that his handwriting is scrawled, so she is very unhappy. Wang Xizhi comforted her and said, "Don't worry. You told the fan buyer that it was written by Wang Youjun. " As soon as Wang Xizhi left, the old woman did as he said. Collectors rushed to buy Wang Youjun's calligraphy after seeing it. A basket of bamboo fans soon sold out. Many artists have their own hobbies, some love to grow flowers and some love to keep birds. But Wang Xizhi has his special hobbies. Where there are good geese, he is interested in seeing them, or buying them to enjoy. There is a Taoist in Yinshan. He wants Wang Xizhi to write him a copy of Tao Te Ching. But he knew that Wang Xizhi would not copy scriptures for others easily. Later, he found that Wang Xizhi liked white geese, so he specially raised a number of geese with good varieties. Wang Xizhi heard that there were good geese in Taoism, so he really went to see them. When he approached the Taoist priest's house, he saw a flock of geese floating leisurely on the surface of the river, with white feathers and high red tops. It was really cute. Wang Xizhi watched by the river and was reluctant to leave, so he sent someone to find a Taoist priest and asked to sell him the goose. The Taoist priest said with a smile, "Since the princes love eating so much, they don't have to spend any money. I'll give you all these geese. But I have a request, that is, please write a volume of scriptures for me. " Wang Xizhi did not hesitate to copy a scroll of scriptures for Taoist priests, and the white geese were taken back by Wang Xizhi.

Wang Xizhi taught his son to learn calligraphy.

Wang Xianzhi, the seventh son of Wang Xizhi, was smart and studious since childhood. He is good at cursive script and official script, and he is good at painting. He began to learn calligraphy at the age of seven or eight and studied under his father. On one occasion, Wang Xizhi saw that Xianzhi was practicing calligraphy attentively, so he quietly walked behind him and suddenly reached out to draw a brush in his hand. Xianzhi held the pen tightly and was not pulled out. The father was very happy and praised: "This son is going to be famous again." Xiaoxian was smug after hearing this. Another time, a friend of Xizhi asked Xian to write on a fan, and then he wrote with a brush. Suddenly, the pen fell on the fan and polluted the words. Xiaoxian had a brainwave and a calf came alive on the fan. In addition, people are full of praise for the calligraphy and painting provided, and the small quotation has cultivated pride. It was thoughtful of his parents to see this scene ... One day, Xiao Xianzhi asked his mother Xi, "I only need to write for another three years, right?" Mom shook her head. "Five years of head office?" Mother shook her head again. I was anxious and said to my mother, "How long do you think it will take?" "Remember, after you write this 18 jar of water in the yard, your handwriting will be strong, and you will stand straight." My father stood behind him when I turned around. Wang Xianzhi refused to accept it and said nothing. He gritted his teeth for five years and showed his father a lot of written words, hoping to hear a few words of praise. Who knows, Wang Xizhi shook his head one by one. When the word "big" was raised, my father showed a satisfied expression, filled in a dot casually under the word "big", and then returned all the manuscripts to the dedication. Xiaoxian was still not satisfied, so he showed all his calligraphy to his mother and said, "I practiced for another five years, completely according to my father's words." Look carefully, what's the difference between my dad and me? " Mother really looked at it carefully for three days, and finally pointed to the point added by Wang Xizhi under the word "big" and sighed and said, "My son has worn out three tanks of water, only a little like Xihe." After listening to this, he was very discouraged and said weakly, "It's difficult! If this continues, when will there be good results? " Seeing that his arrogance had disappeared, his mother encouraged him to say, "Son, as long as you work hard, there is no river you can't cross or mountain you can't climb. As long as you keep practicing as you have in recent years, you will certainly achieve your goal! " After listening to the dedication, I was deeply moved and kept practicing. Everything comes to him who waits. He used 18 buckets of water to practice calligraphy, and calligraphy made rapid progress. Later, Wang Xianzhi's writing reached the level of penetrating paper and perfection. His ci is juxtaposed with Wang Xizhi and is called "Two Kings".

Wang Xizhi's apprentice in Tiantai Mountain

Wang Xizhi came to Tiantai Mountain before Lanting was rebuilt, and was attracted by the magical and beautiful scenery of Tiantai Mountain, so he rebelled at home. He enjoyed the sunrise and the wonders of clouds, waves and fog, which polished his calligraphy. He kept practicing calligraphy, washing pens and inkstones, and even dyed a pool of crystal clear water black. This is the origin of Mo Chi's name. One night, Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy under the lamp and practiced. He wrote one blank sheet after another and spread it all over the floor. Late at night, he looked and thought word for word. He is not satisfied with what he writes. He reads and practices. He was really tired of practicing, so he took a pen and fell on the table. Suddenly, a breeze blew and a white cloud floated by. On the cloud, an old man with a silver beard smiled at him and said, "Your handwriting is good!" " ""where, where! " Wang Xizhi offered to sit down and answered modestly. Seeing the old man carefully looking at his handwriting, he asked, "Lao Zhang, please correct me." The old man saw Wang Xizhi's sincerity and said, "Hold out your hand." Wang Xizhi doesn't know what the old man is going to do. Seeing that the old man was serious and didn't like joking, he slowly reached over. The old man took the pen and said with a smile, "I think you are sincere in learning to write, so that you can understand a pen formula, which will work in the future." The old man finished, wrote a word on Wang Xizhi's palm, then nodded and said, "You will make faster progress." Say and go. Wang Xizhi quickly shouted, "Where is your husband's home?" I only heard a faint voice in the air: "White clouds on the roof …" Wang Xizhi saw that the word "forever" was in his palm. He compared, rowed, wrote and practiced, and finally realized that the strokes and shelf structure of square characters are all embodied in the word "forever". Teacher Baiyun's teaching is really a good pen! From then on, Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy harder, and his calligraphy was more free and easy, which was wonderful. Later, Wang Xizhi returned to Shaoxing, met with literary friends in Lanting, and wrote the calligraphy treasure "Preface to Lanting". Wang Xizhi never forgot the word "forever" written by Mr. Baiyun in Tiantai Mountain. He wrote a book "Yellow Seam Cave" in good faith and put it in an abrupt and steep cave on the top of the mountain, which was later called "Yellow Seam Cave". Today, some bold tourists have to climb the Huangjing Cave to see if Wang Xizhi's Huang Ting Jing is still hidden in the cave!

Choose a husband in an oriental bed.

That was a long time ago. At that time, there was a great official named Chi Jian. He is a man who loves talents very much. In order to choose a suitable object for her daughter, the boss Xi racked his brains. Later, when he learned that the children of the Wangs were handsome and talented, he wanted to narrow down the scope and choose one of these young people as a son-in-law. When the news came, the children of the Wangs were excited and nervous. They heard that Miss Xi has a good personality and is very talented. Who doesn't want to marry her? As a result, they were carefully decorated, sitting in school, seemingly reading books, and their hearts had already flown. However, on the east side of the case, there is a person who is different. I saw him casually as usual, as if there was no such thing, and he was still writing intently. On this day, the weather was not hot, but the young man was so hot that he untied his coat and showed his stomach. Maybe he has no time to eat in the morning. As he wrote, he grabbed a mouthful of cold steamed bread and chewed it freely. His eyes were still fixed on the calligraphy in front of him. The right hand holding the brush has not been released for a moment, and sometimes it will be hung up to write. That serious expression makes people laugh. Chi Jian sent his own representative to the school to observe and understand, and then he went back. In his opinion, the children of the Wangs are very good, polite, young, handsome and talented, and it is almost impossible to say which is the best and which is the worst. However, to say that the performance is not so satisfactory, there is another one. He bared his chest and abdomen, writing and eating steamed bread. It looks too casual. He doesn't seem to care about such an important thing as the boss choosing a son-in-law ... The adult listened to the return and was very interested in this young man with "casual" behavior. He inquired about the situation in detail, folded his hands happily and said, "This is the son-in-law I am looking for." What's going on here? Boss Xi thinks that this young man doesn't take personal matters to heart, but concentrates on calligraphy, which is a promising performance. With such enthusiasm and infatuation, he is not worried about becoming a talent. Guess who this young man is? It was none other than Wang Xizhi, and later he really became an outstanding calligrapher. This shows that the boss Xi has a good eye. By the way, Wang Xizhi's wife and Chi Jian's daughter are also calligraphers, which are very helpful to Wang Xizhi. Her son Wang Xianzhi later became a famous calligrapher, which is also her credit.