Geological disaster prevention plan and prevention plan

A, geological disaster prevention plan and suggestions

According to the stability, hazard characteristics and prevention measures of geological disasters, this paper makes a comparative analysis of various geological disaster points in Lingtai County, and combining with the deformation signs and their own characteristics, classifies the geological disaster points such as landslides, unstable slopes, collapses and mudslides in Lingtai County, and puts forward feasible suggestions.

The geological disasters in Lingtai County 109 are classified according to their scale, threat and susceptibility. For geological disasters that threaten the safety of people's lives and property, it is suggested that local authorities strengthen daily monitoring, do a good job in group monitoring and prevention, and report problems to relevant departments in time. Relevant departments that carry out engineering construction within the threat range of disaster points should strictly examine and approve, so as to avoid geological disasters caused by disastrous weather and human disturbance.

Two, geological disaster prevention and control planning recommendations

In order to effectively reduce the loss of geological disasters and provide a basis for local governments to formulate prevention and control plans. Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development and the thought of building a harmonious society, the main guiding ideology is to carry out the prevention and control of geological disasters in stages and determine the prevention and control scheme with the main goal of ensuring the construction of new countryside and "people-oriented".

(1) Classification of prevention and control of geological disasters

According to the nature, scale, location, harm degree and danger degree of geological disasters, the hidden danger points of geological disasters in the county are divided into three levels: key prevention points, sub-key prevention points and general prevention points, with 5 points, 14 points and 90 points respectively.

(2) geological disaster prevention and control stage

According to the development characteristics, distribution rules and zoning evaluation results of geological disasters in Lingtai County, combined with the requirements of the overall planning of Lingtai County, the national economic and social development planning, and based on the principle of "people-oriented", the short-term, medium-term and long-term overall planning for the prevention and control of hidden dangers of geological disasters in the county is carried out. Among them, the number of short-term, medium-term and long-term geological disaster prevention points is 8, 18 and 83 respectively.

(3) Geological disaster prevention plan

1. Relocation and avoidance of residents in geological disaster spots

Houses located under dangerous slopes or landslides should be relocated, and avoidance measures should be taken when there are signs of sliding in the rainy season or before relocation. Relocation and avoidance can avoid the threat of geological disasters, fundamentally eliminate hidden dangers of geological disasters, formulate relocation and avoidance plans according to actual conditions, and gradually implement them. In the process of geological disaster monitoring and inspection, the dangerous points of geological disasters are found and evaluated. When they reach a certain degree of danger, first, take temporary measures to avoid danger, and transfer people and property to safety, so as to minimize the possible casualties and economic losses caused by geological disasters. The address of relocation should be determined by professional and technical personnel after on-site investigation, especially for the construction of new immigrant villages, and the risk assessment of geological disasters should be done well.

2. Geological hazard point project management

It is an important measure to control the hidden danger points of geological disasters and improve the stability of their geological bodies, especially in some important areas.

The investment in engineering treatment of geological disasters is large, and the engineering treatment points should be carefully screened on the basis of analyzing and comparing various schemes. After the engineering control point is established, the professional geological disaster exploration team will conduct detailed exploration of the disaster point, make a construction control scheme design, and carry out construction, supervision, completion acceptance and post-control effect monitoring according to relevant specifications.

3. Geological hazard monitoring

Monitoring hidden danger points of geological disasters is an important means to prevent casualties and economic losses caused by geological disasters. Under the current economic conditions, it is difficult to completely avoid the threat of geological disasters to residents and important engineering facilities in a short time. In the process of relocation and phased management, it is particularly important to do a good job in monitoring geological disasters.

Geological disaster monitoring includes professional monitoring and group monitoring and prevention, and professional monitoring is carried out at important disaster points in the county to improve the technical level of geological disaster monitoring in the county; Some disaster points can also be monitored by group monitoring and prevention instruments to improve the monitoring and early warning effect of group monitoring and prevention; For a large number of general disaster points, monitoring points should be reasonably arranged on the disaster body, regular monitoring and encrypted monitoring in flood season should be carried out by using simple straightedge and steel straightedge, and the deformation signs of various parts of the disaster body should be inspected macroscopically, and the corresponding monitoring records should be made.

Geological disaster monitoring should be operated under an effective organization and management system, and an early warning system should be established, so as to start an emergency plan in case of danger and evacuate and avoid people and property quickly and effectively.

(4) Geological disaster prevention and control zoning

According to the geological environment conditions, the evolution trend of geological disasters and the potential harm to residents' lives and property, combined with the factors such as geological disaster susceptibility zoning, danger zoning map and local economic and social development planning in Lingtai County, the work area is divided into key prevention areas, sub-key prevention areas and general prevention areas (Figure 7-7). According to the geological conditions, disaster types and harm degree, each level of prevention and control division is divided into prevention and control sub-regions or key areas.

Figure 7-7 Geological Disaster Prevention Zoning Map of Lingtai County

1. Key prevention and control areas of geological disasters (Ⅰ)

The key prevention and control area of geological disasters in Lingtai County covers an area of 298.23km2, accounting for 14.55% of the total area. Including six sub-regions with high risk of geological disasters, namely, Hengqu-Fujiagou-Guancun-Zhujiawan-Dujiagou-Jingjia Zhuangzi key sub-region for geological disaster prevention and control (I1), Wenjiazhuang-Dongmen-Zhujiawan (Ⅱ), the key sub-region for prevention and control of high geological disasters in Zhang Jiayuan, Liangyuan Township on the south bank of Heihe River, and the key sub-region for prevention and control of geological disasters on the north bank of Daxi River on the south bank (Ⅱ), Zhongtai Town-Puwo Township-Xinkai Township, Shaozhai Town's key sub-region for prevention and control of loess hilly area (Ⅰ 4), Shaozhai Town's key sub-region for prevention and control of loess hilly area (Ⅰ 5) and Dudian. The geomorphic units in this area are mainly loess hilly and gully region and loess hilly region. The lithology is mainly Quaternary loess and Cretaceous purplish red mudstone, sandstone and glutenite. The surface loess is thick, and most of the loess tends to gully. The local terrain slope is large, the engineering geological conditions in the area are poor, and the surface of rock and soil layer is seriously weathered. Human activities in this area are relatively strong, and the population on the valley slope is relatively dense. Human activities have a strong transformation effect on the environment, mainly including building houses, cutting slopes, digging holes, repairing roads and so on. And human activities are more likely to induce landslides and collapses. The vegetation in this area is sparse, mainly crops, which is not conducive to soil and water conservation. Gullies in hilly areas are mostly in the prime of life or infancy, and the erosion is relatively strong. In the flood season, landslides and collapses are easy to form when encountering heavy rain and continuous rainy weather. Special geotechnical and meteorological conditions provide the possibility for the formation of geological disasters. This area is also one of the most serious geological disasters of landslides and collapses in the county. It is necessary to focus on prevention and control, improve the group monitoring and prevention system, and strengthen inspections in key areas during heavy rains and continuous rainfall to minimize losses.

2. Sub-key prevention and control areas of geological disasters (Ⅱ)

The secondary prevention and control area of geological disasters in Lingtai County covers an area of 86 1.49km2, accounting for 42.04% of the total area. Geological disasters include landslides, collapses, mudslides and unstable slopes. It includes four geological hazard sub-regions, namely, the loess hilly region in Liangyuan Township on the north bank of Heihe River (Ⅱ1), the loess hilly region from the south bank of Heihe River to the north of Lion Plateau (Ⅱ 2) and the loess hilly region from the south of Lion Plateau to the north of Daxi River (Ⅱ 3). The Quaternary Middle-Upper Pleistocene loess in this area is covered with Cretaceous glutenite, sandstone and mudstone bedrock with different thicknesses, and it is easy to form landslides along the contact surface between loess and bedrock under the action of precipitation. The human engineering activities in the area are relatively strong, with a large population and strong human engineering activities, which are mainly manifested in cutting slopes for various purposes and increasing the free surface of landslides. The loess layer, weathered rocks and developed joints and fissures are disaster-prone areas. Gullies in hilly areas are mostly in the prime of life or infancy, and the erosion is relatively strong, and the gullies and slopes are mostly stepped steep slopes. Landslides and collapses are easy to occur in flood season. The disaster spots are distributed around the village, along the highway and on the slope of the valley. Once geological disasters occur, they are very harmful, and they are the secondary key prevention and control areas for geological disasters. In the rainstorm and continuous rainfall weather, areas with poor engineering geological conditions and great threats should strengthen monitoring to achieve the purpose of disaster reduction and prevention.

3. General prevention and control area of geological disasters (Ⅲ)

The general prevention and control area of geological disasters in Lingtai County covers an area of 889.28km2, accounting for 43.4 1% of the total area. Geological disasters are less developed and less dangerous. It includes six sub-regions with low risk of geological disasters, namely, the general prevention and control area of geological disasters in Wang Jiagou Loess Plateau in Liangyuan Township (85438+0), the general prevention and control area of geological disasters in Heihe Valley (Ⅳ 2), the general prevention and control area of geological disasters in Lion Plateau (Ⅳ 3), the general prevention and control area of geological disasters in Daxihe River Basin (Ⅳ 4) and the general prevention and control area of geological disasters in Shaozhai Town of Loess Plateau (Ⅳ 5). Although human engineering activities are frequent, geological disasters rarely occur. The forest farm area in Baili Township has dense vegetation, sparsely populated, less human engineering activities, relatively superior geological environment and low probability of geological disasters, so it is a general prevention and control area for geological disasters.