Classical Chinese has several meanings.

1. And in classical Chinese, there are several meanings (1) indicating turning points, which are equivalent to "however", "however" and "que". Example:

This family is a very wise son and suspects the neighbor's father.

(2) people don't know and don't mind, not as good as a gentleman?

(3) there is public welfare in the world, but it is not prosperous.

4 green is taken from blue, and green is blue.

(2) It means positive relationship, connecting adverbial and head word, which is equivalent to "zhe" and "di", or not translated. Example:

(1) A little tired, so that inch.

(2) the uproar and terror, although chickens and dogs can't be peaceful.

(3) If the deceased was guilty at the age of one, everyone else would be happy.

(4) Return at dusk.

⑤ Cover your mouth and smile.

(3) It represents the hypothetical relationship and connects the subject and the predicate, which is equivalent to "if" and "if". Example:

(1) People who have no faith don't know this.

(2) If you are interested, you can also expect horses.

(4) indicating juxtaposition is equivalent to "moreover", "you", "harmony" or no translation. Example:

(1) Sensitive and studious, not shy to ask questions.

② There are different snakes in Yongzhou wild, black and white.

(3) The crab kneels six times and pinches twice, but no one sends it.

(4) frivolous in Qin dynasty.

(5) indicating inheritance, which is equivalent to "harmony", "harmony", "rigidity" or no translation. Example:

(1) Choose the good and follow it, and change the bad.

The more you smell it, the more sad it is.

(3) Place it, draw your sword and break it.

(4) Stop sliding and return.

[6] Pass "Ru": It seems, it seems. Example:

The army was taken aback and the situation was not good.

Once through "uh", you, yours. Example:

(1) and WengGui.

If you want to die, your father.

(3) and mother is here.

Just ... Example:

The ventriloquist sits on the barrier, with a table, a chair, a fan and a ruler.

2 that's all.

(3) When a seal comes out, it is easy to dive.

(4) This heart thinks that the knowledge of the world is only me.

(5) Compared with other big rivers, it is only a small tributary.

"and then" just, just. Example:

(1) Lai Pi Angle, see you later.

(2) I try my best to die.

(3) Then March.

Storytelling is a small skill, but it must have temperament and customs. For example, Youmeng can succeed by shaking his head and singing.

(5) hypocrisy, see you later.

"What's more" means "what's more", which is to go further with rhetorical questions. Example:

(1) Zhong Qing was placed in the water today, although the wind and waves could not sound. And the situation is stone!

(2) The skills are not bad, but the situation is good!

2. What are the meanings of "go" in classical Chinese? 1, leave; Leave.

"Yueyang Tower": "Going to the countryside to miss my hometown is afraid of being laughed at."

I left the capital alone and missed my hometown very much, but I was worried about gossip and sarcasm.

2. distance; Distance.

"Tombstone of Five husbands": "The death of Five husbands will go to the tomb today, which will be in October and January."

These five people have been dead and buried for only eleven months.

3. go; Go to.

Peacock flies southeast: "My mother's name is A Nv, you answer."

Mother Liu said to her daughter, you can promise him. "

4. take it out; Remove.

"The Snake Catcher said": "Kill three worms by exercising tendons."

It can remove necrotic muscles and kill parasites in the human body.

5. Give up; Give it up.

"Wu Zhu": "If you want to suppress Wang Zhiren, rest the wisdom of Zi Gong, and follow the strength of Xu and Lu to multiply the enemy, then the desire of Qi and Jing cannot be promoted in both countries."

Give up benevolence and righteousness, give up the change of Zigong, and rely on Xu and Lu's own strength to resist the big country with 10,000 people's personnel carriers, then the desire to be together will not succeed in Xu and Lu.

3. Some translated books are planted with bamboo: Ziyi planted bamboo in the tax field and said with a smile, "How can I live without this gentleman for a day!" " "Bamboo is empty and strong when it is cold, so people in the past often like to put their arms into the forest. I love bamboo, and I love my son Sun Yuli alone. I hold the water staggered to the top of the sky, dancing with dragons and phoenixes, and I have the air of dry clouds. Looking back, all the grass colors are just flattering. When the wind and rain hit, they were all in a mess, and there was no ambition to embrace grass anymore. Today's Zhumen disciples in middle schools are all like this. I hope to make progress by looking at it with bamboo. The year of covering flowers decreased and the year of bamboo increased; Bamboo is practical in the world, but flowers make people forget.

Yu Zi rented a piece of land to grow bamboo, and smiled and said to others, "You can live without this gentleman! (This gentleman) "Modesty inside the bamboo is straightforward outside. The colder the weather, the stronger its power, so the ancients often like to join hands with it and hide in the mountains. I love the bamboo forest, especially its descendants, slim and graceful, with different heights, holding bamboo baskets flying in the clouds, dancing with dragons and phoenixes, and rushing to the devotees. Looking back, all the designs and colors of grass are just to please people. Once you encounter wind and rain, you will be ruined and no longer have ambitions. Now all the rich disciples in Zhumen nearby belong to this category. I hope they make progress in the style of bamboo. Because flowers are decreasing year by year, bamboo is increasing year by year; Bamboo is useful in the world, but flowers are just a way to cater to people.

4. Ancient Chinese has several meanings: function words are meaningless. In ancient Chinese, the usage of the word "zhi" is quite complicated. In ancient Chinese, the word "zhi" can be used as a notional word or a function word, and it has different usages in different contexts.

There are two kinds of "zhi" as content words: one is pronoun; Second, as a verb. As a verb, "zhi" means "to"

For example, "the arrow of death cannot defeat it." (The Book of Songs? Wind? White boat ")-swear to death without his heart.

"Xiang Bo and Pei Gong's Army in Night Pool" ("Hongmen Banquet")-Xiang Bo ran to Pei Gong's barracks overnight. "Zhuang Xin defected to Zhao" means that Zhuang Xin left Chu and defected to Zhao.

"Zhi" as a verb is not common in ancient Chinese, so it is often used as a pronoun. When "zhi" is used as a pronoun, it is generally used as an object, indicating people, things and places. Most of the objects it represents appear in the context.

The pronoun "zhi" can be divided into demonstrative pronouns and personal pronouns. As a personal pronoun, "zhi" can be translated as "them", "them" and "them" as objects.

Such as: "You called for me, and I got my brother's business" ("Hongmen Banquet"); "Put it at the foot of the mountain and let the tiger see it" (Guizhou donkey); "My neighbor's widow Shi Jing left a man, so she began to help him" (Liezi? Tang Wen "); "Qing Zi, see a doctor; Female, the doctor, and, under, the noble also "("zuo zhuan? Zhao Gongnian "); "This Yao and Shun didn't want it, so they mobilized troops to catch it" ("Sun Bin's Art of War? See the king "). From the above examples, it is found that people who are replaced by personal pronouns by "zhi" do not necessarily have specific explanations in the context.

This depends on the language environment. As a demonstrative pronoun, "zhi" can be translated into "this", "this", "there" and "this". At this time, "zhi" can be used as an attribute or an object.

Such as: "Therefore" ("Snake Catcher"); "Two silly and how to know" ("Zhuangzi? Wandering around "); "Yue: No, Su Yizhi" (Mencius Xu Xing); "Don't learn self-knowledge, don't ask, don't know, act in ancient and modern times, have nothing" ("On balance? Real knowledge "); "If you get it, you will be surprised, if you lose it, you will be surprised if you insult it" ("Lao Zi? Chapter 13); "Its master, keep it in detail, and repay it with work" ("Xunzi? Wang Ba "); "Different zai, the singer is very successful" ("Lv Chunqiu? Difficult "). As can be seen from the above examples, when "zhi" is used as a demonstrative pronoun, it is often used before nouns.

As can be seen from the above, when "zhi" is used as a personal pronoun, it is usually placed after the verb. Secondly, as a personal pronoun, the word "zhi" should be carefully understood and translated flexibly according to the context. For example, the word "knowledge" of "people are not born to know" has no antecedent in its context. Refers to the object of "knowledge", that is, knowledge, truth and so on. Translation can be omitted or translated into "knowledge or truth" according to the context.

Third, the word "knowledge" should be translated into "I" in the first person, such as "Lucky Tell Me" (Ximen Bao governs Ye); "The monarch must be born in decline" (Snake Catcher) and so on. As a function word, "zhi" has four uses: auxiliary words, conjunctions, prepositions and modal particles.

1. The auxiliary word "zhi" can be used in five situations: ① It is used between the modifier and the modified word, so that they form a partial phrase, indicating various relationships between the two items, which can be translated flexibly according to the situation. Such as "human suffering lies in being a teacher by example" ("Mencius? The word "zhi" in the sentence "On Li Lou" is used between the modifier and the modified word, which indicates the possessive relationship and is translated as "de".

(2) It is used between the verb and its object to promote the object, so as to achieve the purpose of emphasis. For example, "What's wrong with women's sins?" ("Zuo zhuan? Zhao Gong two years ").

(3) Used after adverbs indicating time to indicate the duration. Such as: "After a while, the smoke burned for a long time, and many people drowned" ("Zi Tongzhi Jian? Han Ji, Di Xian Jian 'an for three years), which can be translated as "in a short time".

(4) Used between the subject and the predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence. Such as "I wonder if the East is white" ("Complete Works of Dongpo? Fu on the Red Wall), not translated.

⑤ Used after adverbs and before predicate or subject structure, indicating the strengthening of mood and the prolongation of intonation. Such as "the father of the monarch, the monarch is far away" ("The Analects of Confucius? Yang Huo ").

2. As a conjunction, "zhi" does not connect predicate phrases or sentences to form a joint relationship like "qi", "yi", "er" and "ze", but connects the attribute and the head to form a positive structure, indicating the possessive or modifying relationship, which is equivalent to the auxiliary word "de" in modern Chinese. ① Connect the attributive and the head language.

For example, "Can Your Majesty win the head of Ji Xiang today?" (Yes), connecting the noun attribute "Ji Xiang" and the noun head "Tou". (2) Connect the subject and predicate, so that the subject structure can be transformed into noun phrases with definite relationship.

However, the formation of this structure must act as subject, object, predicate and adverbial of time in the sentence. For example, "Great, Yao is the king!" ("Mencius? In On Teng Wengong, "Yao is king" is a subject-predicate structure, and the conjunction "zhi" is inserted in the middle to make it a neutral structure, which is the subject of the adjective "da". This is a verb inversion sentence, which is used to connect the subject and predicate, but it should not be considered as a noun component, because it does not act as a subject, object and other components in the sentence, but is used as a clause in Canada.

For example, "Parents love their children, which is far-reaching" ("Warring States Policy? ), the word "knowledge" cannot be translated. 3. When "zhi" is used as a preposition, it is translated into "and" and ".

In this case, "zhi" can be used as adverbial or adverbial structure, but this situation is rare. Such as "what a person loves, how to be a monarch" ("Book of Rites? University), as an adverbial, can be translated as "a person can't clearly know what he loves." "

4. As a modal particle, "zhi" is often used at the end of a sentence, especially in verse, which expresses an exclamation tone and also has the function of filling syllables. For example, "God listens to it, and the valley is a woman" ("Zuo Zhuan? Xiaoya? Xiao Ming), "zhi" is a modal particle here.

Of course, "zhi" is rare as a modal particle in ancient Chinese. To sum up, in classical Chinese, the word "zhi" can be classified as a neutral word, which not only acts as a component, pronoun and verb in content words, but also acts as a conjunction, mood, auxiliary word and preposition in function words. Therefore, it is better to classify "zhi" as a neutral word.

"Guo" has several meanings in classical Chinese. "Guo" has six meanings in classical Chinese. Details are as follows:

1, passed; Passing by.

"The Battle of Dishes": "In the spring of thirty-three years, the Qin Dynasty crossed the North Gate of Zhou Dynasty."

(Lu Xigong) In the spring of 33 years, Qin Jun crossed the north gate of the capital of Zhou Dynasty.

2. Time has passed.

Herb Picking: "Those who pick flowers have dark roots."

If you pick it after flowering, its roots will be very dark.

3. experience; Process.

"Su Wu": "The envoys of the later Han Dynasty belong to the Huns, and Chang Hui invited them to keep pace with the commanders, so that they met the envoys of the Han Dynasty at night and came from Chen Dao."

Later, the envoys of the Han Dynasty went to Xiongnu again, and Chang Hui asked his guards to follow (see the envoys of the Han Dynasty). In the evening, he met the envoy of the Han Dynasty and told his experiences in these years in detail.

4. exceed; Defeat.

Qi Huan Jinwen Shi Zhi: "The reason why the ancients were great was nothing more than being good at pushing themselves and others."

There is no other reason why the ancient sage greatly surpasses the average person, but he is good at popularizing what he has done to other things.

5. Excessive; Too many.

Chen Qingbiao: "I got a promotion and my life is very good. How dare I linger and hope? "

Now I am a humble prisoner of national subjugation, too humble to mention it. Thanks to my promotion and generous life, how dare I hesitate for other purposes?

6. negligence.

"The Battle of Dishes": "If you are alone, why should the doctor be guilty?"

This is my fault. What happened to the doctor?

6. In classical Chinese, there are several verbs 1 (pictographic.

The image of Oracle characters. Bronze font, like a person.

Original meaning: use) 2. Same original meaning. Some have been weakened into prepositions "one" and "use".

-"Shuowen" is used and used. -"Xiao Er Ya" is a teacher who can manage.

-"Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Twenty-six Years" is the basis for politics. -"Zuo Zhuan Ding Gong Ten Years" is purely formal.

-Cai Yuanpei's "Map" is like knowing a gentleman. Why is it embarrassing? -"The Analects of Confucius" 3. Another example is: using hands instead of feet (crawling. Express willingness to admit mistakes and accept punishment); Close relatives (distant people alienate close people); Treat your ears as your eyes (treat what you hear as your own eyes); Measure the depth of the river with your fingers.

Metaphor can't achieve the goal) 4. Make, make the king want to attack the song dynasty together. -The Warring States Policy 5. Another example is: to show that it is slow (open circuit fault); Celebrate your birthday with eyebrows (birthday words); Attack foreigners with foreigners (let foreigners attack each other) 6. Rely on; Rely on rich countries, agriculture and the enemy.

-"Everything is wrong" 7. I think I'll start in Japan. -"Liezi Tang Wen" 8. Another example: bullying and persecuting the disadvantaged with the help of many people. 9. Doing, engaging in education is the most meaningful, and I am willing to do it all my life.

-Ye's "Ni Huanzhi" noun: 1 So, so He Qijiu also? There must be something to do. -"Poetic Style" 2. People who don't have a fixed job are idle people.

-"Picking Ya" and other Xinjiang. -"Poetry and Zhou Song" 3. Short for Israel.

For example, the preposition of the Arab-Israeli war is 1. Ba, that-it means that everything is handled with emotion. -"Shi Shuo Xin Yu Xin" chopped the wolf with a knife.

-The Story of Three Lonely Studios 2. Another example: persuade people by force (make them obey by coercive means) 3. According to, pressing, relying on-indicates the basis or premise of action. What does the word mean? What is the basis?

-"The Analects of Confucius" spared no effort in the remaining years. Liezi Tang Wen is famous for my oil paintings.

-Song Ouyang Xiu's "Returning to the Field" caressed Wu with Dazhong Cheng. -Pu's Tomb Monument of Five People is not just the son of a villager.

-Even the Preface to Dongyang is based on his information. -Qing Gong Zizhen "The Story of the Sick Plum Pavilion" 4. Another example is: take the great unification (inherit the throne); Complain about others (resigned); On time (on time; Timely) 5. In-refers to the time, place or scope of action, spring and summer rewards, autumn and winter punishment.

-Liu Zongyuan's On Trial was cut in the city on August 13. -Liang Qingqichao's biography of Tan Sitong is more than a dry dragon.

-Qing Yao Nai "Mount Tai" 6. From, from, by-means the starting point of action or change. From ancient times to the present, people who are good at making profits are despised. -"On the Hidden Husband" is going to Changsha, Zhang Yu now, and there are many waterways, which is absolutely difficult to do.

-"Historical Records" 7. Another example: the following (inferior; Lower layer); The following people (inferiority; Handmaiden); In the Qing dynasty, the government, prefectures and counties lacked complex and simple, which were divided into four categories: the heaviest, the heaviest and the medium. For example, Shandong lacks complexity, Anhui lacks simplicity, and from Shandong to Anhui, simplicity is complicated); Looking at literary works through cracks.

Metaphor shallow narrow-minded) conjunction 1. Such as: dying in the line of duty (giving one's life to be loyal to one's duties); Think the future is round (plan the future) 2. Because, because-indicates greed and diligence.

-"Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Thirty-three Years" I live by catching snakes alone. -Liu Tang Zongyuan's Snake Catcher is everywhere because of its profound thought.

-Wang Song Anshi's "You Bao Chan" is full of fun, and I don't know if my mouth is like a person. -Song Ming Lian's "Preface to Dongyang" is small and down.

-"Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio Promoting Weaving" When you meet someone, you are lonely and dangerous. -qingyuanmei's "sister-in-law" is used to argue.

-"Historical Records of Chen She Family" does not delight in things, but does not grieve for oneself. -Fan Zhongyan "Yueyang Tower" 3. Another example: as a result (indicating that the following results are obtained due to the above situation); Abandon people's words (because people are not good, their words are also denied); Good for your health (the pursuit of wealth is harmful to your health); Harm the public with private interests (that is, harm justice or public morality with private interests); Dismissal due to events (originally referring to officials leaving for normal reasons); Give up eating because of choking (I dare not eat any more because I choke when I eat).

Metaphor is accidental frustration. Stop what you should do); Hurt people with words (misunderstanding or misinterpreting the author's original intention because of sticking to the meaning of words) 4. Harmony, while- means that the juxtaposition is close.

-Wang Song Anshi's Travel Notes of Baochan has been published. -Qing Zhou Rong's Biography of the Old Man is a chicken glance and a peck.

-"Strange Stories from a Lonely Studio, Promoting Weaving" 5. Then, then-it means that the conditional relationship is invincible, followed by death. -The Warring States Policy 6. Only by thinking about my grandfather, uncovering frost and cutting thorns can we have a place in size.

-the inch in Su Song Xun's Six Kingdoms. (Only one inch. )

-"The History of Women in the Later Han Dynasty" 7. The wisdom or result of the table can't be responded. -"Liezi Tang Wen" auxiliary word 1. Used in front of simple locative words or time words, it means that the boundaries of time, position, quantity, quality and scope are in the west.

-Qing Yao Nai "Mount Tai" 2. Add it to a sentence to indicate tone relaxation or rhythm adjustment. I don't have any wine, so I can swim with Aoyi. -"Poetry" 3. Add it at the end of the sentence to show that the tone is positive.

-The Warring States Policy 4. Add a suffix of similar words after the will verb. Such as: yes; Able to; Can be used.

7. What does "suo" mean in classical Chinese? Cable 1. Used as an auxiliary word

It is often placed in front of verbs and combined with verbs to form the structure of "suo". The structure of the word "suo" is a noun phrase, which means "person", "thing" and "emotion".

For example, although I am stupid, I have heard about it. When "suo" is combined with a verb followed by a part-of-speech structure, the structure of "suo" plays an attributive role.

For example, at night, soldiers surround the house. I visited Zhu Hai, the butcher. This saint is unknown to the world, so he hides his ears.

In some sentences, "Wei" and "suo" echo each other, forming the format of "Wei". For example, Zhuang was forced to death by a policeman.

I got the news that my father was killed. ("New Stealing Symbol to Save Zhao") 3. Disyllabic function word "so".

There are two main uses: one is to express reasons. Such as relatives and ministers are far from villains, and this first Han is so prosperous; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since.

("Example") That's what I did. I took the national emergency first, and then I took personal revenge. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) means and purpose of expression.

Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. (Shi Shuo) 1. Reason, emotion.

Wen Zi? Nature: "There are masters who don't know the truth, and only saints can know the truth." Historical records? Preface to Taishi Gong: In Spring and Autumn Annals, thirty-six kings were killed and fifty were killed.

I lost it after reading it. Tang Hanyu's poem "Li Hua" said: "You ask questions, you don't answer, and you go all the way to the sunset. "

Jin Dong explained the first volume of Yuan's The West Chamber: "The matchmaker said,' I don't know it for you'." Sheng said,' I want to hear it.

"The Scholars" for the first time: "Ask the reason, all the counties along the Yellow River were killed by the river, and there were no houses in Tianlu." 2. It can form a noun phrase with adjectives or verbs, and still express reasons and feelings.

Zhuangzi? Tian Yun: "He knows beauty, but he doesn't know why." Historical records? Wei Kangshu's family: "We must seek the sages, gentlemen and elders of Yin, and ask them why they prospered the country, so they died and served the people."

3. used, used. Zhuangzi? Heaven and earth: "It is the three, not the principle of cultivating morality."

Historical records? Biography of Meng Changjun: "If you are in a hurry, you will never be able to pay for it. In fact, you are good for a gentleman and don't love literati. At the bottom, you bear the burden in the name of leaving the upper position. That's why Li Shimin is proud of you. " Several Strategies of Su Song Xun. Assess the situation: "Therefore, the prestige is beneficial, so the strength of the world is also cut. "

4. Conjunction. Indicates a causal relationship.

Used in the second half of the sentence, from cause to effect. Xunzi? The mourner said, "It's wrong to ask you this question without asking the official."

Northern Qi Yan Zhitui's Yan Jiaxun? Mu Xian: "There are many people in the world, and the ears are light and the eyes are light, and the distance is light and near ... So Lu called Confucius' Dong Jiaqiu'. "Tang Li Bai's Jingzhou with the Han Dynasty": "Once you climb the Dragon Gate, your reputation is ten times. Therefore, Longpan and Fengyi want to set the price in the name of Jun.. "

The sixth time in A Dream of Red Mansions: "He and Sister Lin are on the same day, so he remembers." Zhao Shuli, "Three Mile Bay? Holiday: "But she is the first to arrive every day, so she is familiar with the situation of this house. "

5. Conjunction. Indicates a causal relationship.

Used in the first half of the sentence, from effect to cause. Historical records? Biography of Wei Gongzi: "If you win, you will get married, and you can help others with high righteousness."

"Wu yue spring and autumn leaves? Gou Jian attacked Wu Zhuan: "Another day, a kind of admonition said,' I was in the (early) dynasty, so I stopped because of my illness. It was my son!'" "Surprise at the First Moment" Volume 28: "So the person who invited Xianggong from a long distance is about to visit Xianggong here." The first chapter of the first volume of Yao Li Zicheng: "Li Zicheng dared to run east because he contacted Luo Rucai to meet him at Tongguan."

6. Conjunction. Indicates a causal relationship.

Use "cause" or "fate" in the first half of the sentence and "so" in the second half. Later, it developed into a sentence pattern of "because ... so ...".

Tang Liusu, Datang Xinyu? Scherzo: "Because of my heart, I am surrounded." Guan Xiu's poem "Shu Wang attends classes in Daci Temple": "Because Zhidun talks about wonderful classics, Xu Xun talks about it."

"Travel Notes of Lao Can" for the first time: "Because I can't write eight-part essays, I don't have any at school." Lao She's black and white plum: "Black plum is my good friend. I know a little because I often go to his house. "

7. Yes. "Is it easy? Dry ":"Faithfulness, so I entered Germany; The rhetoric is sincere, so it is also a career. "

Zhuangzi? Zhibei Tour: "Although human relations are difficult, it is so bitter." Wang Jing Ci Volume 9: "Words can be consistent."

Wen Zi? Ren Shang: "You can rule the world by yourself and give it to the world;" Love yourself to rule the world, so trust the world. " 8. What did you do?

The Analects of Confucius? For politics: "Confucius said:' Look at what it is, what it is, and what its security is for. What about people? "How can people be embarrassed?" Kang Youwei noted: "Take it, too."

The combination of "suo" and "yi" constitutes a closely attached noun phrase, indicating the reason of a certain behavior or the means and objects on which the behavior depends. Later, it became a frequently used word in classical Chinese.

Its specific meaning and usage depends on what the word "one" should mean. If "Yi" is used as "cause", then "So" is "the cause of" or "the cause of". If we say "depend" and "depend", then "so" means "use" and "use"; If "rely on" and "rely on", "so" means "the person who uses it", "the basis of it" and so on. Classical Chinese should be translated flexibly according to the specific language environment.

In addition, "so" as a conjunction is the same as "yes", "yes" and "based on it", and can be interpreted as "so", which is the same as the usage of the conjunction "so" in modern Chinese.