Who knows about the Toulenburg incident?

Changes of civil castles

It is pointed out that the army was defeated by the Walla army in Tubao and Yingzong was captured.

Mongolia is divided into three parts: Wuliangha, Tatar and Waci. Among them, Waci has developed for a long time and its power has increased greatly. The Waci leader also unified Mongolia first and deliberately annexed the Central Plains.

In February of 14th year of Ming Dynasty (1449), Mongolian Wala tribe leaders also sent more than 2,000 people to pay tribute to horses, asking the Ming government to reward them. Because eunuch Wang Zhen refused to give more rewards and reduced the price of horses by four fifths, they couldn't meet their demands, and they caused trouble. In July this year, he commanded various ministries and harassed the mainland in four ways. On the east road, Liaodong was attacked by Tuoba Buhua and Wuliangha; West Road, sent to attack Ganzhou (Zhangye, Gansu); The middle road is the focus of the attack, which is divided into two ways. One is under the command of Allah, the other is under the direct attack of Chicheng outside Fu Xuan, and the other is under the direct attack of Datong. First attack Datong all the way, "the soldiers are extremely sharp, Datong is defeated, and the fortress beyond the Great Wall is trapped" ("Ming History" Volume 32 "Civil Change"). Wu Hao, the general of Datong, died in Maoerzhuang. The defeat of Datong's front line spread to Beijing constantly, and Ming Yingzong and Zhu Qizhen, instigated and held hostage by Wang Zhen, prepared to make a personal expedition. Kuang Ye, the minister of the Ministry of War, and Yu Qian, the assistant minister, "argue according to reason, and the Sixth Division should not take it lightly." Wang Zhi, the official minister, gave advice to ministers, but Yingzong was partial to Wang Zhen and insisted on personal expedition. /kloc-In July of 0/6, Yingzong and Wang Zhen led more than 500,000 troops out of Beijing. Due to improper organization, all military and political affairs were arbitrary by Wang Zhen, but the accompanying minister of civil and military affairs did not let them participate in military and political affairs, and the army was in a state of shock. 19 sunrise Juyongguan, Huailai, to Fu Xuan. /kloc-in August, the Ming army entered Datong. First, in order to induce the Ming army to go deep and take the initiative to withdraw from the north. When Wang Zhen saw the Walla army retreating to the north, he still insisted on advancing to the north. When he heard of the fiasco ahead, he panicked and chickened out. I wanted Yingzong to pass through his hometown of Yuzhou when he withdrew, showing his prestige; I was afraid that the army would destroy his garden crops, so the marching route changed repeatedly. To Fu Xuan, vara brigade pursuer, Ming army thirty thousand cavalry "killed and looted". 13, fled to the civil fort in a mess, and the Walla army has crushed the Ming army. The civil fort is high and there is no water, and the soldiers are hungry, tired and worried. The Walla army was besieged on all sides, and the cavalry rushed in and killed the Ming army with long knives. "Don't kill those who throw knives." So the soldiers of the Ming army "danced naked and died, covering the wild and blocking Sichuan." Zhu Qizhen and Qin Bing broke through by bus, but they were not allowed to leave and were captured. Almost all the troops accompanying the expedition died in the battle and were killed by the guard general Fan. The battle of "more than half of the casualties" of the 500 thousand army in the Ming Dynasty was called "the defeat of civil engineering" in the history of the Ming Dynasty. This defeat had a far-reaching impact and became a turning point from the early stage to the middle stage of the Ming Dynasty.

In this battle, hundreds of thousands of Ming troops were killed or injured, and more than 50 civil and military officials were killed or injured. When the news of Yingzong's capture came, the capital was in chaos. In order to save the emergency, the courtiers jointly wrote to the empress dowager and made the king emperor. Empress Dowager Cixi agreed to open discussion, but Wang refused. When the minister of civil and military affairs and Empress Dowager Cixi were in a dilemma, Yingzong secretly sent messengers to tell the king to be emperor. Hao Wang ascended the throne on the sixth day of September, and became Emperor Jingdi. The following year was the first year of Jingtai, and Yingzong was the emperor's father. Waci invaded the Central Plains on a large scale after capturing Ming Yingzong. In the name of seeing the emperor's father off, he ordered the Ming dynasty to open the border gate and seize the city. In October, Baiyangkou, Zijingguan and Juyongguan were captured, which pushed Beijing.

First, the arrival of troops in Beijing is unstoppable. The Ming court was anxious, and some ministers suggested going to the south island of Ducheng. Yu Qian, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, strongly opposed the move of the capital, demanded to stick to the capital and ordered local armed rescue. Subsequently, the troops from Henan and Shandong were transferred to Beijing for defense, and Yu Qian presided over Tongzhou warehouse to transfer grain to Beijing. The soldiers in the capital eat well and the people are a little safer. On the sixth day of October in the fourteenth year of the Orthodox Church (AD 1449), Yingzong was also taken hostage and invaded Beijing. The capital was in an emergency and the battle of Beijing started.

Mingjing put Yu Qian in charge of the defense of this war. Qian Qian dispatched 220,000 generals to deploy outside Beijing-Kowloon Gate, and personally deployed with Shi Heng in Deshengmen Gate to stop the enemy striker. 13, when Yu Qian sent cavalry to lure and lead tens of thousands of people to Deshengmen, the ambush of the Ming Dynasty rushed out, and the firearms of Ji Shenying were fired, and the military and horses would be defeated first. First, we turned to Xizhimen, and the defenders in the city fired arrows and fired artillery, and they also lost first. The siege of the capital was lifted.