Two frontier poems and three farewell poems

Lulun

1, about the author:

Lu Lun (748-800), named Yunyan, was a native of Hehuangpu (now Yongji County, Shanxi Province), one of the ten gifted scholars in the Tang Dynasty. Lu Jianci's Biography in Old Tang Dynasty says that Lu Jianci (son of Lu Lun) was originally from his hometown and later moved to Pu, which is not credible. Zhao Lin's "Quotations" contains three records of his nephew Zhao Shu's "Hometown", praising the prosperity of the characters in the river, focusing on Zhao, saying that Lu Lun is Zhao's son-in-law and Lu Lun's wife is Zhao Shu's aunt. Speaking of respect for my family, I said, "Past lives also came from the river." From this point of view, Lu Lun's ancestors also lived in the river, not from Fanyang. And perhaps because Yang Fanlu's family is a noble family, he mistakenly called john young the ancestral home of Lu Lun.

2. His poems

Song of the plug

In the faint moonlight, wild geese soar in the sky.

The Tatar chiefs are fleeing from the darkness.

We chased them, and the horse's burden was light.

We must carry bows and arrows and swords in the heavy snow.

[Notes]

1. Xia Sai: an ancient frontier fortress military song.

2. Moonlight: There is no moonlight.

3. Khan: the leader of Xiongnu. This refers to the supreme commander of the invaders.

4. escape: escape.

5. Will: Leadership.

6. Qingqi: Qingqi and Fast Cavalry.

7.11: Catch up.

translate

On a quiet night, geese fly high,

Khan slipped away in the dark.

Was about to lead the light cavalry to catch up,

The snow fell all over me.

[Brief analysis]

This is the third poem in Lulun's "Xia Sai Qu" series. Lu Lun used to be a marshal judge of the shogunate, and he had a good understanding of the life of soldiers. Poetry describing this life is more substantial and powerful in style. This poem is about the heroic feat of the general preparing to lead his troops in pursuit of the enemy on a snowy night.

The first two sentences are about the enemy fleeing. "In the bright moonlight, geese are soaring", and the moon is covered by clouds and dark. Su Yan started up and flew high. "Chief Tatar fled in the dark". On this unusual night with high black wind, the enemy sneaked away. "Khan" originally refers to the supreme ruler of Xiongnu, and here refers to the invaders of Qidan and other nationalities who often invaded the south at that time.

The last two sentences describe the general preparing to chase the enemy, which is unusual. "And we chase it, and the horse is lightly burdened." The general found that the enemy had absconded and wanted to lead the light cavalry to pursue it; Just as we were about to leave, there was a heavy snow, and in an instant the bow and knife were covered with snowflakes. The last sentence "and the burden of snow on our bows and swords" is a description of the cold scene, highlighting the hardships of fighting and the brave spirit of soldiers.

This poem blends scenes. The enemy troops fled in the scene of "wild geese flying in the bright moonlight", and the general was prepared to pursue them in the scene of "snow burden on our bow and our sword". The atmosphere of escape and chase is as follows

Be strongly rendered. The whole poem does not describe the process of chasing the enemy in the snow, nor does it directly describe the fierce battle scenes, but it leaves a very rich imagination space for people.

This is the third of the six poems in the "Song of the Plug" group. Although Lu Lun was a poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, his frontier poems are still full of vigor in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, full of heroism between the lines, and inspiring to read.

There is a sentence or two "high in the dim moonlight, wild geese are soaring, and the Tatar chief is fleeing in the dark" to describe the enemy's rout. "The moon is dark and windy" and there is no light. "Goose flies high", there is no sound. Taking advantage of such a dark and silent night, the enemy quietly escaped. Khan was the supreme ruler of the ancient Huns, and here he refers to the supreme commander of the invaders. Running at night means that they have completely collapsed.

Despite the cover of darkness, the enemy's actions were discovered by our army. Three or four sentences, "Let's pursue it, the horse will carry a heavy load, and the bow and sword will bear the snow", describe the situation that our army is preparing to pursue, and show the mighty spirit of the soldiers. Imagine a cavalry marching out, and suddenly the bow, arrow and knife are covered with heavy snow. What an exciting scene!

Judging from this poem, Lu Lun is very good at capturing images and opportunities. He can not only grasp the typical image, but also show it at the most artistic moment. The poet doesn't write about how the army attacked, nor does he tell you whether he caught up with the enemy. He only described a scene he was going to pursue, which effectively set off the atmosphere and emotions at that time. "And we chase them, the horse is light and heavy, and the bow and sword are negative." This is not the climax of the battle, but the moment close to the climax. This moment, like an arrow on the string, will not send, the most attractive force. You may feel dissatisfied because you didn't give the result. But only in this way can it be more enlightening and arouse readers' association and imagination. This is called incoherent, and its meaning is endless. It's not without a tail when a dragon sees its head. The tail is even more interesting and charming if it looms in the clouds.

Song of the plug

Lulun

In the dark forest, the grass was suddenly blown by the wind, and the wind was rustling. The general thought that the beast was coming and immediately pulled out the arrow.

Dawn went to look for the arrow, which had gone deep into the edge of the stone.

translate

In the dark forest, the grass suddenly swayed and rustled with the wind. The general thought the beast was coming, so he quickly drew his bow and shot an arrow.

Looking for an arrow at dawn, it has fallen deeply into the stone edge.

To annotate ...

(1), plug-the ancient song title. Most of these works describe frontier scenery and war life.

(2) the wind-suddenly blown by the wind.

Bow-bow, bow, including archery.

(4) Pingming-just before dawn.

⑤ White feather-the white feather behind the shaft, which refers to the arrow here.

6. No fall, that is, drilling.

⑦ Stone edge-the corner of the stone.

This frontier poem describes a general who killed a tiger. It is based on the biography of General Li written by Sima Qian, a scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, and records the deeds of the famous Li Guang at that time. The original text is: "When you went hunting widely, you saw a stone in the grass, thinking it was shooting tigers, and the stone in the middle (zhòng) had no arrow. You see, it is also a stone. "

The first two sentences of the poem describe what happened: in the middle of the night, the forest was dark, and suddenly the wind was blowing hard, and the grass was undulating by Joe; The frogman was in a trance when he landed, and a white tiger came at him. At this moment, the general is flying through the forest. He is quick-sighted and quick-footed, and he bows and shoots arrows. ...

As a result of the last two sentences, the next morning, the general remembered what happened in the forest last night and came to the scene along the original road. He couldn't help being surprised: in the bright morning light, he clearly saw that he had shot a boulder instead of a tiger. Fear crouched there silently, and the white arrow plunged deep into the edge of the crevice! Please note that the place where the arrow enters is not a cave, a gap or a stone surface, but a narrow and sharp stone edge-what a great arm strength and martial arts it takes!

Someone wants to ask, why didn't the general kill the tiger until the next morning? The original story didn't tell me that it was a stone the next day! This is the poet's artistic treatment. First, it can show the general's confidence. It has always been very popular. Are you afraid it won't die or run this time? Second, it can increase the intuition of the image and make people see it more clearly. If you watch it that night, of course, you can find that this is a misunderstanding, but it is difficult to achieve the vivid effect of the current picture.

Poetry pays the most attention to implication and emphasizes the implication. Seeing the description of the arrow hitting the stone in the poem, we naturally associate it with: What would it look like if it was really a tiger? What happens if you shoot enemy soldiers and horses on the battlefield? Thus, the image of a general with high martial arts, bravery and good fighting skills stood in front of our eyes.

Border songs

Lulun

Wear a golden mother-in-law arrow made of carved feathers, and the flagpole rtsa forms a dovetail arc.

A man stood up and gave a new order. A thousand battalions were shouting.

translate

The general wore an arrow made of vulture feathers, and a flag embroidered in the shape of a dovetail fluttered in the wind.

Standing and announcing new orders, the soldiers of the thousand battalions responded together.

To annotate ...

Vulture feather: Arrow tail feather.

Aunt Jin: The name of the arrow.

Dovetail: The two corners of the flag are bifurcated, if it is dovetail.

Arc: logo name.

Independence: Jude's words hold water.

Nourishing the mind: a new instruction for nourishing the heart.

Make an appreciative comment

This poem describes the swearing-in scene when the mighty general conveys the new order. The response of the Chief Sergeant of the Thousand Battalions is showing the formidable military ability, strict military discipline and confidence that everyone will win. It is inevitable to be conquered by this magnificent momentum.

Farewell poem:

Farewell poems are poems that express the poet's feelings of parting. Such as Farewell to Friends, Farewell to Yuan Er's Ambassador Anxi, Farewell to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night, Farewell to the Deputy Governor's Office in Shu, etc. "Love parting, hate meeting" is one of the great pains of life that Buddhists say. Because of this, through the ages, many literati have been singing the song of parting. In addition to this deep sadness, there are often other sustenance: either encouragement and encouragement, or expressing friendship, or pinning the poet's own ideals and ambitions.

In addition, some farewell poems in the Tang Dynasty are often filled with positive youthful atmosphere, full of hopes and dreams, reflecting the spiritual outlook of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu to take up his post.

Bo Wang

Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.

We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.

However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven will remain our neighbor.

Why linger at the fork in the road, the child is stained with towels.

(Note: Official reading Juan means official history and being an official. )

Precautions:

Du Shaofu: Wang Bo's friend, whose other name is unknown Shaofu County Commandant. Zhou Shu is called Shuchuan. The city gate refers to Chang 'an, the capital of Shaanxi Province. Sanqin: Shaanxi Guanzhong area, ancient Qin. After Qin was destroyed, Xiang Yu divided Qin into three countries: harmony, competition and flexion, which were called Sanqin. Wujin: Five major ferries of Minjiang River, namely Baihuajin.

Brief Analysis: This is a famous farewell poem by Wang Bo. It is very different from other farewell poems, full of sad feelings and enterprising spirit. The fifth and sixth sentences in the poem even sublimate friendship to a higher aesthetic level. The whole poem is a typical work of five laws, with cadence, grandeur and rigor. This poem meets the requirements of the five laws from the perspective of leveling and rhyming, but it will reach the later standard in antithesis.

Author's Biography: (649-676), a native of Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi), is as famous as Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo, and is known as the "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty". They strive to get rid of Qi's style, expand the theme of poetry, and show positive and enterprising spirit and depression. Wang Zian's collection.

Send yuan twenty-one Xi

Wang Wei

Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow.

I advise you to drink more wine, there is no reason to go out to the west.

Note: The title of the poem is Song of the Acropolis.

Weicheng: Located in the northwest of Xi City, Shaanxi Province, Xianyang, the ancient city of Qin Dynasty.

Yu Chao: The rain in the morning.

Wu: Wetting.

Yangguan: In the southwest of Dunhuang, Gansu, it has been the main road to the northwest frontier since ancient times.

Brief analysis: This poem is simple in language and vivid in image, expressing everyone's feelings of parting. In the Tang Dynasty, three stories were compiled in Yangguan and passed down through the ages.

Break up with Xinjian at Furong Inn.

Wang Changling

It's freezing and rainy, and it's night in Wu, and Chushan is quiet.

Relatives and friends in Luoyang asked each other that there was a piece of ice in the jade pot.

Note: According to Tongzhi, "Furong Building is located in the northwest corner of Zhenjiang City" was built by Wang Gong, the secretariat of Jinrun Prefecture, so the address is now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province. In the Qing Dynasty, the Furong Building was also built in Wang Changling's exiled Dilongbiao (now Qianyang County, Hunan Province). Bing Xin's sentence is as straight as Zhu Si's words in Bao Zhao's "Song of Bald Heads".

Brief analysis: this poem tells the story of "a piece of ice heart in the jade pot" throughout the ages, expressing a person's eternal childlike heart.

About the author:

Wang Changling (698-756), a native of Chang 'an, Jingzhao, was known as the "Master of Seven Wonders" for his poems. He can express his rich feelings with refined language and profound meaning. His frontier poems are famous, including Wang Changling's Poems.

A gift for Wang Lun.

Lipper

Li Bai was about to go by boat when he heard singing on the shore.

Peach Blossom Pond is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun.

Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from Yellow Crane Tower.

Lipper

The old friend said that the Yellow Crane Tower, [1] fireworks will go down to Yangzhou in March. [2]

Lonely sails are far away from the sky, [3] and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. [4]

Note: Chi: Go, go. Guangling: Yangzhou. It means: send Meng Haoran to Guangling of Yellow Crane Tower.

[1] Old friend: Old friend, this refers to Meng Haoran.

The author said goodbye to his old friend at the Yellow Crane Tower.

[2] Fireworks: refers to gorgeous spring scenery. Below: Downstream.

In the spring of March, my old friend went to Yangzhou by boat.

[3] Solitary sail: A boat. Blue sky: A clear sky.

Do: no, it's gone.

The ship went farther and farther, and seemed to disappear into the clear sky from a distance.

[4] Wei: Cai. Horizon: the horizon.

Meaning: I only see the mighty Yangtze River water rolling towards the horizon.

Brief analysis: This farewell poem was written around the 20th year of Kaiyuan (732). The poet's description of scenery and feelings is extraordinary and admirable! The third and fourth sentences are not only about scenery, but also about feelings. The shadow of the solitary sail has disappeared, and only thoughts flow like the Yangtze River in in my heart forever.

A song of snow sent Tian Shuji Wu home.

Cen Can

The north wind rolled up the white grass and scattered them, and the snow in August crossed the Tatar sky.

Just like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees. [ 1]

It enters the pearl shutters, it wets the silk curtains, a fur coat feels cold, and a cotton pad is thin.

The bow became stiff and almost impossible to pull out, and the metal of the armor condensed on people.

The unfathomable ice in the sand sea, gloomy clouds and Wan Li condensation.

But let's drink to the guest who came home from the camp and play the savage pipa, guitar and harp for him.

Until dusk, when the snow collapsed our tent, our frozen red flag could not fly in the wind.

We watched him walk eastward through the wheel tower door and enter the snowdrift on Tianding Road.

Then he disappeared around the corner, leaving only hoofprint.

Precautions:

[1] This sentence is a metaphor, and pear flower is a metaphor for snow.

Analysis: This is a farewell poem written by the author in the winter of the thirteenth year of Tianbao (754). The farewell in the camp was snowing heavily, which was a very special environment. The poet's strange metaphor, rich imagination and multi-level description of the real scene make people feel chilly and full of spring. It was sent to nowhere, but the scene of horseshoe prints on the snow was deeply engraved in the reader's heart.

About the author: Cen Can (7 15-770), a native of Nanyang (now Henan), is a Tianbao Jinshi. He followed Gao Xianzhi to Anxi, majestic, and then traveled between the North Court and Luntai. Historically, he died in Chengdu as an official. He is good at describing frontier scenery and war scenes. The momentum is heroic, the words are generous, and the language changes freely.

Classic appreciation

When sending Yuan Er to Anxi

Wang Wei

Weicheng is drizzling,

The guest rooms are green and willow.

I advise you to drink more wine,

There is no reason to go out of Yangguan in the west.

Cultural people in the Tang Dynasty often send poems to each other when they bid farewell. It is best to be close to this person and his feelings when writing poetry. Applying the western theory of "this one", farewell must also be written as "this time" Yuan Er, who is difficult to test in historical records, is probably just a general friend of Wang Wei, not necessarily a "buddy" or a "best friend". It's hard for Anxi to do things, but it's also glorious. Wang Wei's feelings of seeing Yuan Er off come from the previous two points, and it is appropriate to express his wishes and slight regrets. Let's see how Wang Wei handled it according to poetry:

The next time I started to write about rain, I actually wrote about the good weather on the task day: the rain gently moistens the earth, so that those annoying dust on the Yangguan road will not fly all over the sky. For Yuaner who doesn't have a red-flag car, this is a special care from God. With God's blessing, the journey in the carriage will be safe, comfortable and fast in the future-Wang Wei didn't say "bon voyage" or "have a nice trip", but these meanings are all included in the poem.

The second sentence is about the guest house that Yuaner will leave. Although the willow branches are waiting for someone to fold off, seeing the willow trees will eventually lead to a little parting. But Wang Wei obviously wanted to downplay the parting, so he emphasized that the willow color was green, and it was even more radiant under the drizzle. The atmosphere created by the author with this sentence is cheerful rather than heavy. In reading poetry, we should grasp the author's dominant emotion: he has no reason to express sadness in the next two sentences, otherwise it will be too uncoordinated and fail as a four-line poem.

After reading this way, the last two sentences, one is "turn" and the other is "combination", are actually not too excited, but they just mean that they are a little sorry after all and can still drink together at present. It is unknown how long it will take you to get together again when you are out of Yangguan.

The world always regards "a person goes out of Xiyangguan for no reason" as an understanding divorced from the whole poem and the background of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. After the prosperous Tang Dynasty, many young scholars were trapped in personal emotional circles and could not get out. They look at the flowers and cry, because they are sad about the moon, and they engrave their parting thoughts in their petty hearts. They don't know if there are sad times in the world. Although there are no old friends going out of Yangguan in the west, there are still achievements in going out of Yangguan in the west! How can you be a woman when you leave! We can't measure the arms of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty with the mind of a little scholar. Unfortunately, however, the "study" of classical literature is more influenced by the habits of young scholars. Someone actually said that he was bleeding when he read Out of Xiguan Yangguan. I sincerely hope that he won't read "holding hands and staring with tears, but he is speechless" or "a broken road has four corners, and pedestrians pin bones here" to avoid heart explosion.

We have some very thoughtless prejudices, thinking that what comes out of the poem must be affectionate, but we don't know that the depth of interpersonal feelings depends on the relationship. It is true that the depth is deep, but the relationship is not deep but it is written deeply, which makes the author's personality fall in price. Wang Wei and others regard personality as their lifeblood. How can he send an ordinary friend beyond ordinary feelings?

The farewell of ordinary friends should only be to express the wishes and slight regrets of boxing. As soon as this poem came out, many other banquets sang "Yangguan" instead of their own poems. This phenomenon just shows that the artistic conception of Wang Wei's writing is universal and most suitable for ordinary friends to express their feelings. Think about it, if it's just a casual acquaintance, someone will cry and hold hands with someone when leaving; Or a C wants to do big business, but a D says that the road is broken and the wheel has four corners. Isn't this a big joke? As for later, it hurts to listen to the third floor in Yangguan, because music plays a role that poetry does not.

Wang Wei's sending Yuan Er is probably just a social event. People in officialdom, without entertainment. However, when writing poems for entertainment, it is good to show unique cultivation. "Send Yuan Er Shi An Xi", with first-class skills. Wang Wei actually has many such social poems.

Farewell through Jingmen

Sail from Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with southerners.

At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness.

The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces.

The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles.

Send a friend away

Green mountains are located on the north side of the city wall, and the sparkling water surrounds the east of the city.

Here we say goodbye to each other, and you, like losing your father, are floating in the wind and traveling far away.

Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic.

With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave.

Shu Yun, a farewell school book in Xiejilou, Xuanzhou.

People who abandon me can't stay yesterday,

People who disturb my heart are more worried today.

Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng, and I treat them in this villa and drink my wine.

The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie.

We all yearn for the distance and want to go to the blue sky to embrace the bright moon.

But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine.

Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow.

Still connected to the water in my hometown, pull your boat for 300 miles.

"I heard that Wang Changling left and moved to Longbiaoyao to send this."

After the easy autumn, cuckoo clock, I heard you pass five streams.

I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang.

It's hard to go (on)

The cost of pure wine, gold cup, a hip flask of 10 thousand copper, jade plate worth 10 thousand dollars.

I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain.

I want to cross the Yellow River, but ice will block the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow.

I came to fish and sit on the stream, but I suddenly dreamed of driving a boat and sailing towards the sun.

Travel is hard. Travel is hard. Don't go astray! Where to go today.

One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.

See Meng Haoran again on the way to Yangzhou.

Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers.

My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon.