Brief introduction of Vienna

Vienna is known as the "World Music City", where talented people and famous artists come forth in large numbers. Beethoven, Mozart, Strauss and other music masters are immortal, enjoying the beautiful scenery of the city and listening to the classic melody on the "blue" Danube.

Vienna is the capital of Austria and one of the federal states of Austria. It is the largest city and political center in Austria. It is located on the Danube and belongs to Europe.

Vienna is one of the four official residences of the United Nations. In addition, Vienna is also the headquarters of international organizations such as the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the International Atomic Energy Agency. 2011165438+1On October 30th, Vienna became the world's most livable city champion with its gorgeous buildings, parks and extensive bicycle network. Because of the strong atmosphere of classical music in the city, musicians from all over the world gather here, enjoying the reputation of "World Music City" and "music city".

Before World War I, it was the capital of Austria-Hungary, which once covered most of Central and Eastern Europe except Germany. In terms of urban population, it is the seventh largest city in the EU. Before the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world. Before the split of Austria-Hungary, the city had a population of 2 million. Today, it is still the second largest German-speaking city, second only to Berlin. Its downtown area is listed as a World Heritage Site.

Vienna is an ancient city with a history of 1800 years. Vienna was inhabited in the Neolithic Age. The Celts founded Vienna around 500 BC and called it "Vidonia". 15 years, became the frontline city of the Roman Empire. 1 century, the Romans built castles here. 88 1 year, first recorded as "Vinia". In the 12 century, it became a handicraft and commercial center. 13 to 19 18 was the capital of the Habsburg dynasty, and later the capital of Austria. To 1 137, becoming the first city of the Austrian Principality. Since then, Vienna has become the capital of the Holy Roman Empire (since 1278). /kloc-at the end of 0/3, with the rise and rapid development of the Habsburg royal family, magnificent Gothic buildings have sprung up like mushrooms after rain. /kloc-After the 5th century, it became the capital of the Roman Empire and the economic center of Europe. Every time the Ottoman Empire invaded Europe in16th century and17th century, it was blocked in Vienna. /kloc-During the 0/8th century, Maria Teresa and her son were keen on reform, attacking church forces, promoting social progress, and at the same time bringing prosperity to art, making Vienna gradually become the center of European classical music and gaining the reputation of "Music City". With the prosperity of Austria-Hungary in the19th century, Vienna became an important metropolis in Europe at that time, and became the capital of Austria (from 1806) and Austria-Hungary (from 1867). 1873, Vienna hosted the World Expo 106 days. In World War II, Austria merged with Nazi Germany again. After the war, Austria and Vienna, like Germany and Berlin, were divided into four controlled areas by Britain, the United States, France and the Soviet Union until Austria regained its independence in 1955. During the Cold War, Vienna was a hotbed of international espionage because it was a neutral country between the East and West groups.

Location context

Vienna is located in a basin at the northern foot of the Alps.

Hern Brown Palace in Vienna

With an area of 4 14.65 square kilometers, it is the smallest federal state in Austria and the only federal state that is not adjacent to other countries. Because of its important position, Vienna is the federal state with the largest transportation and construction area in Austria.

Since the fall of the Iron Curtain 1989, the transportation and economic relations between Austria and its northern and eastern neighbors have developed significantly, and the distance between Austria and Eastern Europe is remarkable. Vienna is only 60 kilometers away from Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia, which is the shortest distance between the two capitals (Vienna and Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia) except Vatican City and Rome in Europe.

topography

The altitude of Vienna ranges from Lobao on the Danube (15 1 m) to the highest peak of Vienna forest (542 m). To the east of Vienna is the March Plain and to the southeast is the Danube Grassland National Park. The northwest, west and southwest of Vienna are surrounded by Vienna forest, which extends to the urban area. The Danube flows through Vienna. Besides the Danube, there are many small rivers flowing into the city from Vienna forest, including the Vienna River. The mountains in the west are connected with the glacier corridor in the south, which is the grape growing area in Vienna.

The residential areas in Vienna are mainly concentrated in the west of the city, and the air quality is good.

Vienna

The industrial zone is concentrated in the east of the city, the Vienna forest surrounds the urban area, and the Danube River flows quietly from the urban area. The famous Vienna forest surrounds the city from the west, north and south, and the vast eastern European plain faces it from the east. It is lush and full of vitality. Vienna, with its beautiful environment and charming scenery, is known as the "Danube Goddess".

Beautiful music is flowing everywhere in Vienna, the capital of Austria. The gurgling brook, lush, provides a lot of inspiration for musicians. Mozart, Strauss and other music masters are immortal. From the inner city to the outer city, it is divided into three layers. The streets in the inner city are narrow, cobblestone-paved and criss-crossed, with Baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings on both sides. The middle floor is a dense commercial area and residential area, as well as churches, palaces and other buildings. Outer city road extends to the edge of the forest. The Danube flows near the inner city. There is a towering Danube Tower in Danube Park. This tower is 252 meters high. There are two express elevators in the tower. Visitors can reach the top of the tower from the bottom in 45 seconds. Looking from the top of the tower, you can see the magnificent scenery of the Alps and the beautiful scenery on both sides of the Danube River in the distance. [ 1]

climate

The climate in eastern and western Austria is different. The western part of Austria is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, showing maritime climate characteristics. The temperature difference between winter and summer and between day and night is small and rainy. The eastern part has a continental climate, with a relatively large temperature difference and much less rainfall. Alpine areas have long winters and cool summers. The average temperature in July is 14- 19℃, and the highest temperature is generally 32℃.

Vienna is a transitional climate, which is influenced by both the maritime climate from the west and the continental climate from the east. Vienna has little precipitation, long dry period and warmer winters than other Austrian cities. The average temperature in the city center is 10.4℃, and the average precipitation in the suburbs is about 600 mm. About 60 days in a year are summer, 70 days are frozen and the weather is extremely cold.

It is very suitable to travel to Austria all year round, and the same scenery presents completely different styles in different seasons. For the Alps, you can choose to climb in summer and experience the thrill of climbing to the top. In winter, you can enjoy the charming snow scene and experience the fun of skiing.

hydrology

The area of rivers and lakes is 19. 1 km2, accounting for 4.6%, second only to Burgenland. Vienna is also one of the four federal states that grow grapes in Austria, with vineyards accounting for 1.7% of the area. The forest coverage rate is 16.6%, and agricultural land accounts for 15.8%. Vienna is divided into 23 administrative regions.

The Danube is the second longest river in Europe after the Volga River. Originated in the eastern slope of Heilin Mountain in southwest Germany, it flows from west to east through Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine, and flows into the Black Sea in south-central Ukraine. It flows through 9 countries and is the largest river in the world. The tributaries reach Switzerland, Poland, Italy, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Slovenia and Moldova, and finally flow into the Black Sea in Sulina, eastern Romania, with a total length of 2,850 kilometers (1.770 miles), a drainage area of 8 1.7 million square kilometers, an average annual discharge of 6,430 cubic meters per second and an average annual runoff of 203 billion cubic meters.

economy

Within the EU, Vienna is a city with high quality of life and low crime rate. According to the data of 2007, Vienna ranks fifth among the richest cities in the European Union, just behind London, Luxembourg, Brussels and Hamburg. Vienna is also known as the "springboard to Eastern Europe" because Vienna and its enterprises have good relations with Central and Eastern Europe. Under the background of EU's eastward expansion in 2004, many large foreign enterprises handed over their business in Central and Eastern European countries to Vienna branches or set up agencies in Vienna to explore the Central and Eastern European market from Vienna, such as French building materials giants Lafarge Group, henkel, Ruiwei Group and Beiersdorf Company. In order to enter the Central and Eastern European market, some foreign companies bought Austrian companies in Vienna, such as Dutch beverage tycoon Heineken, the largest beer company in Austria, and UniCredit Italy, the Austrian Credit Bank. Moreover, most of the local large enterprises in Austria are headquartered in Vienna, including almost all banks in Austria, the Austrian Oil and Gas Group (OMV), Weinberg, the world's largest brick maker, and Austrian Telecom. The Vienna Stock Exchange is the only stock exchange in Austria.

About 900 enterprises manage agriculture in Vienna 16% area, and produce about 50,000 tons of vegetables every year, including tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, salads and radishes. In this season, they supply 70% fresh vegetables in Vienna and 56% fresh vegetables in Austria.

Vienna Forest Mountain, a branch of the Eastern Alps, stretches in the western suburbs with lush trees. Yamayuki

Night view of Vienna (18 photos)

The west is a gorgeous residential area, surrounded by gardens and vineyards. The Danube River passes through the city, and the water is picturesque. Climbing the Alps in the west of the city, you can have a panoramic view of the undulating "Vienna Forest"; The east of the city faces the Danube Basin and overlooks the shining green peaks of Carpathian Mountain. The vast grassland in the north is like a huge green brocade, and the blue Danube winds through it. The house is built on the mountain, with thick buildings and distinct layers. From a distance, various styles of church buildings cast an ancient and solemn color on this city with green mountains and clear waters. The streets in the city are radial rings with a width of 50 meters, the inner city is in the ring road, and the trees on both sides of the boulevard cover the sky. The cobblestone streets in the inner city crisscross, and there are few high-rise buildings, mostly baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings. St Stefan's Cathedral in the Middle Ages

Mozart statue

The spire of the Twin Towers Church soars into the sky, and its south tower is138m high, overlooking the whole city. Chamberlain Palace is the summer palace of Habsburg dynasty, with Greek architecture, statues and fountains. There are many big parks on the island between the Danube and the Danube Canal. The National Opera House, built in 1869, is called the world opera center. 1857, a 57-meter-wide and 4-kilometer-long circular avenue, is surrounded by museums, city halls, parliaments, universities, national opera houses and other important buildings. It is one of the most beautiful urban passages in Europe. There is an intermediate layer between the circular road and another parallel circular road, with a commercial area, a residential area, a palace and a church in the middle. Outside the second ring road is the outer layer, and there are elegant parks, beautiful villas and other palace buildings in the west of the city. Among these numerous palaces, Schon Blom Palace, located in the southwest of the city, stands out as a relic of the prosperous period in Austrian history. Located in the southeast of the city, this "beautiful palace" was built by Emperor prinz eugen in the early 8th century A.D./KLOC-0 to resist the Turkish invasion. Northeast suburb and southern suburb are industrial areas, with metallurgy, machinery, automobile, railway vehicles, chemical industry and other departments, and the output of clothing and printing accounts for more than half of the country.