Literary appreciation

In August (2007), the twelfth year of Jian 'an, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, Cao Cao defeated the remnants of Wuhuan nationality and Yuan Shao who occupied the northeast and unified the north. In September, I passed Jieshi Mountain on my way home and wrote this poem.

Yuefu poems in the Han Dynasty are generally untitled, and the title "Viewing the Sea" was added by later generations. Yuefu poems can be sung. The last two sentences of the poem, "Fortunately, Lian, singing with ambition", were added at the concert, and they are the attachments of the poem, which have nothing to do with the content of the poem. The main body of poetry can be divided into three layers:

The first floor (the first two sentences) explains the location of viewing the sea, which is a simple inheritance of Chen Qi's story in The Book of Songs.

The second layer (What's Water Like?) describes seawater and mountain islands. The sea is rippling and dynamic; The mountains, rivers and islands stand still, setting each other off into interest, showing the vastness and majesty of the sea; When we write about vegetation, it is still static, second only to "Hongbo", and then it returns to dynamic, showing the amazing power and magnificent weather of the sea. This floor is all about real scenes.

The third layer (the last four lines) expresses the spirit of the sea's handling of the sun, the moon and the stars with the help of strange imagination, describing the virtual scene, that is, the poet's subjective feelings, as seen from the word "if".

The tone of this poem is desolate and generous, and it has always been regarded as the masterpiece of "Jian 'an Style".

2. A berth at the foot of Beibao Mountain.

In ancient times, the traffic was underdeveloped, and people who lived or worked abroad could not return for a long time, which naturally led to homesickness, so homesickness became an important theme in poetry. This poem is about homesickness. The author Wang Wan, whose date of birth and death is unknown, only knows that he is from Luoyang. He was a scholar in the first year of his life (7 12), and then he traveled between Wu Chu, so he could not return to China, so he pretended to be a scholar.

The first two examples. "Castle Peak" refers to Beigushan, which is in the north of Zhenjiang, facing the Yangtze River and surrounded by water on three sides. The poet is on the boat at the moment, and the "guest road" is the post road. He can't see beyond the green hills. It can be seen that this is the poet's imagination, indicating that after the ship arrives in Zhenjiang, it has to take a post car to go to other places, which has implied the meaning of traveling around the world. When writing about the scenery seen on the boat, the words "flat", "wide", "straight" and "hanging" are well refined: "tidal flat" makes both sides look very wide; "The wind is positive" and the sails will hang. The word "Chaoping" paved the way for the word "Jiang Chun" on the necklace. Necklace couplets not only describe the scenery, but also point out the seasons. "Residual night" refers to the time when the night is about to pass. Last night, it started in the East China Sea, and the old year was on the Spring River-how time passed so quickly without emotion! What's more, the poet has been away from home for a long time, traveling to other places for dinner day after day and year after year. From this, he naturally thought of borrowing goose feet to deliver letters to him. The whole poem is interrelated and integrated.

3. Spring outing in Qiantang River

This poem was written by Bai Juyi when he was the secretariat of Hangzhou in the third year of Changqing (823). This poem describes the beautiful scenery of the West Lake in early spring and expresses the poet's happy mood.

The first couplet starts from a big place and describes the mountains and rivers that the poet saw when he passed Gushan Temple and Jiating. "Chuping" refers to spring water, which is slightly flat with the embankment. "Low cloud feet" means that the white clouds are low and connected with the lake. This outlines the West Lake in early spring. The two couplets in the middle are written separately. That's what the poet saw when he wrote Yingying Yan in Zhuan Xu. Yingying is a singer in spring, and everyone is competing to fly to the sunny tree to sing; Yan, the messenger of spring, has begun to build a nest with mud, giving people a feeling of vitality. Writing flowers and plants in necklaces focuses on the poet's subjective feelings. In the Tang Dynasty, people had the custom of riding horses for a spring outing. Horses walk briskly on shallow grass, and people naturally feel comfortable riding on horseback, but after a long time, they are full of colorful flowers, which makes people dizzying and puzzled. Couplets directly express the poet's feelings and his joy. "Doing nothing" is because of inattention, which shows that the poet lingers and is completely intoxicated by the beautiful lakes and mountains.

4. Xijiang Moon

Xin Qiji was dismissed twice and lived in seclusion in Daihu Lake in Shangrao (now Jiangxi) for nearly 20 years. This poem was written by the poet when he lived in seclusion. The original minor problem under the inscription was: "Walking on Huangsha Road at night". Huangsha is Huangshaling, in the west of Shangrao. The poem describes the fresh scenery of rural summer nights and expresses the poet's leisurely mood.

The last film is about the scene in the first half of the night: the bright moon rises, and the mountains are suddenly enlightened, which alarmed the tits and cicadas living in the branches; The breeze blew and sent their cries to Nightcrawler's ears; The fields are filled with the fragrance of rice flowers, and the frogs in the water are constantly chirping; Along the way, you can hear people enjoying the cool talk about this year's harvest. The poet saw and heard all this at night, and his inner joy was beyond words. These descriptions are also very touching in art. On the one hand, the poet uses the unique sounds of rural summer nights-cicadas, magpies, frogs and human voices to render a happy atmosphere; On the other hand, these sounds are reflected from Nightcrawler's hearing, and Nightcrawler can clearly hear all this, thus showing the silence of summer nights. This is the writing method of combining static and dynamic, which can stimulate readers' rich imagination.

The next movie is about the scene after midnight: the dark clouds suddenly rise, the moonlight disappears, only a few yellow stars are left on the horizon, and the fields become dark; When the poet walked to the front of the mountain, it rained. He knew that the shower was coming and wanted to find a place to hide from the rain. Coincidentally, when he hurried around the stream head, he saw at a glance that the Maodian he had seen before was still next to the forest. Needless to say, how happy the poet is at the moment!

In fact, the first paragraph of the word is a foil, and the next paragraph is written to shelter from the rain. This is the poet's original intention and the interest of the word. In Shan Ye, it is not easy for people who have experienced the night rain to find shelter.

5. "Tianjin Sha Qiu Si"

This is a lyric work, which vividly shows the sorrow of a wandering wanderer for a long time in just 28 words. For more than 700 years, when people talk about Homesickness, they will think of this work, because it uses the writing method of scenery contrast extremely well, puts the lyric hero in a specific atmosphere, and achieves a high degree of unity between subjective mood and objective environment.

The layout of this work has a remarkable feature: the first three lines are all landscapes, not mentioning the lyrical protagonist, but every detail of the landscape means his existence-"dead vine", "old tree", "faint crow", "small bridge", "running water" and "people" are all seen by him; The "ancient road" is his home; He rode the "thin horse"; And the "west wind" is blowing on him. Connecting these details in series, there will be such a realm: an autumn evening, on a desolate ancient road, the west wind blows hard and leaves fly; On the roadside, on the old tree wrapped with dead vines, birds have returned to their nests and crowed from time to time; Not far away, people are preparing dinner and cooking cigarettes in a sparse bungalow next to a small bridge and flowing water. At this time, a man was walking slowly on the ancient road alone with a thin horse. It seems that this is a stranger. Where will he live? After such preparation, the author vividly revealed the theme of the work: a stranger glanced at the sunset that was about to sink in the west and could not help but sigh: "heartbroken people are at the end of the world." This shows how much he misses home.

The ancients said, "Every scene is full of love." Except for the last sentence, this work is full of scenery, and every word says "love", which is its artistic beauty.

Second, the problem research

Cultivate students' ability to understand the content of ancient poetry.

The teaching task of ancient poetry, from grade seven to grade nine, is probably to let students be influenced by poetry as the main goal. This edification is different from the teaching of ancient poetry in grades one to six. It is necessary to cultivate students' ability to perceive poetry by following this trend instead of reading as the main means. Reading ancient poems can make you feel something-even if you feel something about individual poems, aesthetic feeling will follow. Let's talk about some views on cultivating perceptual ability:

1. Let the students understand the basic situation in the poem. For example, in "The Next Berth on Beibao Mountain", "Time" shows that Beigu Mountain is only a passing place in the poet's long journey. After arriving at Beigu Mountain, he will take a post car to go elsewhere; At this time, it is the end of the year, most people have gone home for reunion, and he is still running around. This is the basic situation. Only by understanding this can we have a better understanding of the content of the poem.

2. For some important poems, we should provide some background knowledge as the basis of understanding. For example, reading the four sentences of Journey to the Sun, Moon and Stars in Watching the Sea tells students that the poet was at the peak of his career at that time, and he had already tied the northern heroes, and now he has defeated the remnants of Wu Huan and Yuan Shao, eliminating future troubles; If we use our superior forces to wipe out the separatist forces in the south, he can wipe out space and unify the whole country. Without such a grand ambition and such a broad mind, how can he write "the journey between the sun and the moon, if there is a result;" How about the poem "The stars are shining, if they come out"? (Unfortunately, the next year, he failed in the Battle of Red Cliffs. Since then, China has entered the situation of "three points of the world". )

3. Encourage students to use association to understand poetry. For example, "... the night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts into new things", and writing about the alternation of day and night, and the alternation of the new year and the old year can help students express their associations on the basis of understanding the poet's original intention. I believe some students will always speak better. Lenovo is also a manifestation of feelings. With association, poetry can be read "alive".

4. Explore the interest, interest and reason in poetry. These three things may not be found in every poem, but as long as they are found, we can't let them go, because they can really stimulate students' interest in reading poems, and interest is often the forerunner of sentiment. Among the five poems selected in this paper, Xijiang Moon is the most interesting. Please refer to the teaching plan attached to the "Teaching Suggestions" and do not analyze it here.

Most importantly, there are many ways to cultivate students' ability to understand ancient poems. As long as teachers realize the importance of this problem, they will certainly create newer and more effective training methods in teaching practice.

Practice note

Recite and write these five poems and answer the following questions.

1. What poems in Looking at the Sea best reflect the author's broad mind?

2. Imagine that "until the low tide, the banks widened and there was no wind to stir my lonely sails". If you were there, how would you feel?

3. What words can be seen from Spring Tour in Qiantang River to describe the scene of early spring?

4. What kind of mood did the author express? In the fragrance of rice and flowers, you can hear frogs?

5. Tell the scene of Qiu Si in Tianjin in your own words, and talk about your feelings.

The purpose of the topic is to let students recite these five poems on the basis of a general understanding of the content. The purpose of dictation is to consolidate memory and check whether the words are written correctly.

Reference answer:

1. Pay attention to the word "best embodiment" in the stem. The first part of this poem is about seascape, with a wide field of vision. Although true, it can also show the poet's mind. But compared with the second half, the weather is slightly worse. Four sentences about the sea in Journey to the Sun, Moon and Stars are all in vain, but they show that the sea has the spirit of containing heaven and earth and the poet's broad mind. When answering questions, we should pay attention to the fact that students should not simply be compared, but should be guided to understand the poet's proper meaning in these four sentences. The real scene in front of us is written to set off.

2. This is an open question, which is mainly to let students use the reconstructed imagination to understand the poet's mood at the moment; If possible, find a picture of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River for students to see, or recite Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran". On the way to Yangzhou, look at Tianmen Mountain in the distance, and then point out the specific position of the poet at the moment.

3. Guide students to pay attention to the detailed description in the poem. For example, "the water surface is flat at first" (see note); Those who "strive to warm the tree" and "warm the tree" are also trees facing the sun. The spring cold has not retreated, and warblers are struggling to gather on it; "pecking at the spring mud", Yanchu also came; "No horseshoes" and the birth of grass-these are the sights of early spring.

4. The key is to let students understand the writing of emotions in the scenery. The first two sentences show joy and joy; The last two sentences express the feeling of surprise-these can be said to be the feeling of leisure. Focus on the last two sentences.

This is also an open question, focusing on cultivating imagination.

Second, look for information after class, complete the following poem, talk about what season and what scenery it describes, and recite it. (A Brief Introduction to Poetry)

The topic is extended to extracurricular activities. Teachers can increase or decrease the number of articles according to the actual needs of students in this class. The following are the sources of three groups of poems:

1. Li Bai's departure from a hotel in Nanjing: "A breeze with catkins makes the hotel sweeter. Wu Ji advised guests to taste it with wine. Comrades in my city came to see me off. When each of them drank his glass, I said to him when leaving. Oh, ask this river flowing eastward, whether it can go further than the love of friends! ? "(The sentence" The wind blows "writes the scene of mid-spring.)

2. Li Yu's "Welcome to Huan": "Xie Chunhong, it's too hasty! Helpless, cold rain comes early and wind comes late. When do you still have a heavy drink when you are in tears? Naturally, people hate water when they grow up. " ("Hua Lin" wrote a scene in late spring)

3. Lu You's Yongmei: "The bridge is broken outside the post, and there is no owner in loneliness. Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, exhausted, and has to withstand the wind and rain. Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care. Scattered into mud and crushed into dust, only the fragrance remains. " (The sentence "unintentional" was written in early spring)

Teaching suggestion

This text will be taught in two classes: the first two songs will be taught in one class; The last three songs are used in one class (if it is difficult, you can skim Tianjingsha Qiu Si, or you can change it to self-study after class, but you must recite it in class first). Specific suggestions are as follows:

First, reading should run through the whole process of learning poetry and create a strong atmosphere of learning poetry. The way of reading should be flexible. If someone in the class reads better, you can also try to read the expression at the end. Teachers should demonstrate reciting for students.

Second, junior high school should focus on reading, not requiring appreciation, but also focusing on cultivating students' ability to recreate imagination and association, which already includes appreciation. This seems contradictory, but it is not. Because the purpose of cultivating the above two abilities at this stage is to deepen students' understanding of poetry content and consolidate students' memory of poetry, which does not involve the theory of image and artistic conception, nor does it require students to understand the artistic style of poetry. Teachers must master this principle and proceed from students' reality, so that students can learn interesting and be willing to read more ancient poems.

Third, the teacher's duty is to inspire, induce, dispel doubts and doubts, and be concise, so that students have enough time to express their experiences. We should abide by the principle of "poetry can't express meaning" and don't restrict students with our own views.

Four, the author's life is mainly based on notes, without any other introduction, but students are required to remember the title and author's name of each poem.

Example of lesson plan: lesson plan of Xijiang Moon (Zhang Bikun)

lead into/introduce

According to the number of words, words can be divided into three types: poem, alto and long tone, with poems below 58 words, long tone above 9 1 word and alto between 58 and 90 words. In fact, there is no basis, just a habit. Longer words can also be segmented into two, three and four tones. This word has 50 words and is still a poem, but it has two paragraphs, so it is called disyllabic. When reading disyllabic words, we should pay attention to the relationship between the upper and lower paragraphs (also called the upper film, the lower film or the upper and lower film).

Xin Qiji was a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, and many of his poems were related to the political and military struggle at that time. Because he opposed gold to recover lost ground, he clashed with the ruling capitulators and was dismissed twice. This word was written when he retired from office and lived in seclusion by Shangrao Lake. It is easier to read by recalling a night trip.

Read, say and ask.

The teacher reads the whole word once or twice to cultivate students' sense of rhythm, and can also let students try to read.

Q: Does the poet spend a long time at night? (Dragon) Where did you see it? The weather has changed: at first it was a bright moon and a breeze, then the dark clouds merged and it rained a few drops. It can be seen from the poet's cover that the rain has a big trend. ) long road, why do you want to walk at night? What season is it at this time? As can be seen from the cicada singing, from the "bumper year", it is the time when the harvest is in sight, that is, the midsummer; Also, rain is a shower, also in midsummer. Who said "good year"? The poet and his companions may have villagers who come out in twos and threes to enjoy the cool. )

Now, please tell the content of the last movie in your own words. In the middle of the night, the moon emerged from the cracks in the clouds, and the mountain forest suddenly brightened up, which alarmed the mountain magpies perched on the branches. The breeze blew, and cicadas were very happy. At this time, the poet and his companions are marching on the Huangsha Road. They all smelled the fragrance of rice flowers, and the frogs in the field kept chirping. They talked about this year's success as they walked. )

Q: At the beginning of the next movie, it is said that "seven or eight stars are beyond the sky". What does this mean? The sky is covered with dark clouds, and only a few stars are left on the horizon. It rains before Zhongshan at two or three o'clock. It doesn't rain much. Is the poet in a hurry? Judging from the next sentence, he was in a hurry because it was a signal that a shower was coming. The poet must be in a hurry at the moment. Is he familiar with this road? From the following word "old time", we can know that he is familiar with it. ) Look at the last two sentences. What's the difference between the words in the notes and those expressed by the poet? (The poet uses inverted sentences. Why do you use inverted sentences? To express the poet's surprise, because he found shelter from the rain. Supplementary note: Inverted sentences often appear in words, some for expressing the content, some for rhyming, and more for both. This is the case with these two sentences.

Students creatively express the content of the next movie (refer to the expression of the previous movie).

abstract

All the words with two tones are mostly concentrated in the next film. The same is true of this word: it writes the scene of the moon in the last film to express the poet's relaxed and happy mood, but it is actually just a foil; It is the poet's original intention to write shelter from the rain in the next film. In Shan Ye, you can find shelter from the rain when walking at night. Only those who have experienced it can appreciate this kind of fun.

In addition, we should pay attention to the key words in words, which used to be called "refined words". The word "suddenly enlightened" in this poem is well refined, which embodies the poet's overjoyed mood.

Some words in brackets are suggestive, not the default answers. )

related data

I. Examples of Poetry Translation (Zhang Bikun)

1. Look at the sea

Ride east,

On the Jieshi.

I want to see the magnificence of the sea!

The sea is vast,

Water waves flow.

Towering mountain islands,

The first one to jump into the eye.

Yamashima-

Grass is rich and beautiful,

The trees are dense.

Although it is autumn,

Their business is still booming.

Look at the sea-

In the bleak autumn wind,

Sometimes good and sometimes bad; Ups and downs

Endless waves!

The sun and the moon,

Running around the clock,

Are absorbed by the sea.

Small projectile;

The milky way in the sky,

Starlight,

They were also born in

The vastness of the sea.

Ah!

Today I looked at the sea,

I am so lucky. Let me sing,

Pour out grand wishes.

2. A berth at the foot of Beibao Mountain.

The road that tourists should take,

It extends from Qingqing Beigushan to the distance.

Blue waves rippled on the river,

I'm just driving the boat forward.

The tide rises, flush with the coast,

The river has become open and boundless.

The breeze is blowing, and the wind is not biased.

A white sail seems to be hanging on the high river.

The red sun was born in the East China Sea.

Break through the dead night and drive away the darkness of the earth.

The river is full of warm breath,

Spring entered the old year ahead of schedule.

How much I miss my dear hometown,

The letter has been written. How can I send it home?

Wild geese fly over the clear sky in the north,

Please take this letter to Luoyang.

(Selected from Introduction to Ancient Poetry in Junior High School, People's Education Press 200 1 Edition)

Two. Brief introduction of the author

Cao Cao (155—220) was born in Mengde, Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). Politicians, militarists and poets in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In the process of suppressing the yellow turban insurrectionary, we gradually strengthened our military strength. In the first year of Jian 'an (196), he met Xuchang, the imperial capital, and gave orders in his name, successively pacifying the separatist forces such as Lu Bu. In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200), Yuan Shao was defeated in Guandu and gradually unified the north. In the twelfth year of Jian 'an (207), Wu Huan's eastward expedition was also a great victory. The following year, he led the army south and was defeated by Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. Wang Wei was later blocked. Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and respected him as Emperor Wu. Good poems, such as Walking Out of Xiamen and Walking in Haoli, express their political ambitions with the theme of the old Yuefu, which are magnificent, generous and sad, and also reflect the tragic life of the people at the end of the Han Dynasty. His posthumous works include The Collection of Wei Wudi, which has been lost and compiled by the Ming Dynasty. Today, people have sorted out the typesetting of Cao Cao Ji.

Wang Wan was born in Luoyang (now Henan). Poets in Tang Dynasty. Inherent Jinshi, official Luoyang Wei. He has a long history. He traveled between Wu Chu and befriended the cloud. His poems have not been widely circulated. Yue Ying Ji Ling said: "Wanci was written a long time ago and is the best in the world. You Wuzhong wrote a poem "Jiang Nanyi": ... Night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness, which is rare for poets. Zhang (said) began to talk about the government hall, and every time he showed his skills and made it a model. "

Li Qingzhao (1084—— about 1 15 1) was born in Song Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). Southern Song poetess. In her early life, she and her husband, Zhao Mingcheng, devoted themselves to collecting calligraphy, painting and stone inscriptions. Nomads from the central plains, fled to the south, died in Ming city, lonely situation. In the early stage, I wrote more about my leisure life, while in the later stage, I lamented my life experience, feeling sad and sometimes showing my nostalgia for the Central Plains. Commonly used line drawing, beautiful language. There is a collection of Yu Shu's ci.

Bai Juyi (772-846), whose name was Lotte, was a Buddhist in Xiangshan. Originally from Taiyuan, he moved to the capital (now Weinan, Shaanxi). He used to be an official and a prince with little wealth. He wrote a lot of poems in his life and was the most creative poet in the Tang Dynasty. He is the author of seventy-one volumes of Bai Changqing Collection. There are 50 pieces of new Yuefu and Qin Zhongyin 10, all of which are very famous. Among them, the new Yuefu is the most famous, which is the representative work of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty.

Xin Qiji (1140-1207) was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). Patriotic poets in Southern Song Dynasty. 2 1 year-old joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He was repeatedly attacked for his opposition to gold. He lived in seclusion in Shangrao for nearly 20 years. It took a short time, but it was not taken seriously and ended in regret. His words expressed patriotic enthusiasm for restoring national unity, poured out grief and indignation that his ambition was hard to be rewarded, and there were also many works praising the rivers and mountains of the motherland. The artistic style is diverse, mainly bold and unconstrained, and it is also called "plain heart" with Su Shi. And "Jia He's Short Sentence". Modern people compiled Notes on Xin Jiaxuan's Poems.

Ma Zhiyuan,No. Dongli, was mostly from (present-day Beijing). Famous Sanqu composer in Yuan Dynasty. Once a provincial official in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, he quickly jumped out of the official sea and retired to the countryside, writing many "sighing" works. He created 15 kinds of zaju in his life, such as Autumn in the Han Palace, Tears in Shirts, Clifford Monument, Yueyang Tower, Ma Danyang, and Dream of the Huangliangmeng, and he was also called the four famous zaju in Yuan Dynasty with Guan Hanqing, Wang Shifu and Bai Pu. He also wrote more than 200 poems and collections, which were compiled into Dongli Yuefu by later generations. He is the best among the writers of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty. In his works, Sanqu can better reflect his style; Among Sanqu, Tianjingsha Qiu Si is the most famous poem. Zhou Deqing praised it as "the ancestor of Qiu Si" in Yuan Dynasty, and Wang Guowei praised it as "the best poem". These comments are not flattering.

Third, about the poem "Looking at the Sea"

1. Writing background of Guanhai

Looking at the Sea is a famous work of Cao Cao, which was written when he was wooing Wu Huan. In 207 AD, Cao Cao led an army to the north to hunt down the remnants of Yuan Shao, swore the Northern Expedition in May, and left Lulong Village in July to face Jieshi Mountain. He climbed the mountain and looked at the sea. Facing the surging sea, he wrote this magnificent poem.

(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems with Pictures and Feelings and Analysis of Junior Middle School Chinese Texts, Volume II)

Looking at the sea gives the poet deep feelings, through which we can see the poet's own soul. Cao Cao climbed Jieshi Mountain on the way to the northern expedition to Wuhuan this time. Wuhuan was a great disaster in Northeast China at that time. In the 11th year of Jian 'an (AD 206), Wu Huan conquered Youzhou and captured more than 100,000 Han people. In the same year, Yuan Shang and Yuan, the sons of Yuan Shao, colluded with Ta Dun, the leader of Wuhuan in western Liaoning, and repeatedly harassed the border, which forced Cao Cao to resolutely conquer Wuhuan in the 12th year of Jian 'an. In the great war in August this year, Cao Cao finally won a decisive victory. This victory consolidated Cao Cao's rear area, enabling him to March south in the following year to realize his ambition of reunifying China. Linking the events before and after, we can see how important a war Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wu Huan was. And "Looking at the Sea" was written when I passed Jieshi Mountain on my way to northern expedition to Wuhuan. Before the war, Cao Cao boarded Jieshi as a commander-in-chief, which was also visited by many emperors and Hanwu, and when the autumn wind was bleak, his mood would be as difficult to calm as the sea. He put his high-spirited spirit into the poem and expressed it through the image of the sea, which made this poem have a vigorous and vigorous style and become a masterpiece.

(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)

2. About Jieshi Looking at the Sea in the East (Yuan Xingpei)

"Jieshi looks at the sea in the east." The opening point explains the orientation, place and object of observation. Although these two sentences are not written directly to people, we seem to see Cao Cao's heroism in climbing mountains and looking at the sea. "Jieshi", according to the Records of Geography of Hanshu, was in the southwest of Licheng (now Laoting, Hebei Province) and sank into the sea during the Six Dynasties. The word "Guan" dominates the whole poem and is the clue of the whole poem. The following is what I saw and heard when I climbed the mountain according to the word "Guan".

The first two sentences started smoothly. "Jieshi looks at the sea in the east" means that he climbed Jieshi Mountain and looked down at the sea. The former Jieshi Mountain is in the southwest of Laoting County, Hebei Province, facing the Bohai Sea.

(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)

3. Six sentences about "What is water like?"

"Where there is water, there are mountains and islands." It's about overlooking the sea from Jieshi Mountain. "Lian Lian" is to describe the swaying appearance of the sea; "What", here when "how". "How about water?" Describe the vastness of the sea, including surprise and praise, which is the first impression of just climbing the top of the mountain. "Ruzhi" is a towering appearance. The meaning of these two poems is: the vast sea is blue and boundless, and only the mountain island at the foot stands high in the center of the sea. As we all know, watching the sea, standing on the shore, sitting on the bow, or climbing to the top of the mountain, our feelings are very different. At this time, when Cao Cao stood on the mountain, the first thing he saw was the panoramic view of the sea. Therefore, he tried to exaggerate the boundless momentum of the sea, giving people a sense of firmness and stubbornness. The towering mountain island suddenly attracted the poet's attention, so he immediately wrote down the scenery on the island: "There are many trees and many herbs." There are thriving scenes everywhere, as if there is infinite life waiting for us to discover. "The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges." With the bleak wind, suddenly set off a huge wave, people feel amazing a little too late! But when we turned our eyes to the surging waves, the poet stopped describing them.

(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)

The six sentences "water" are written in front of the sea. There are only two sentences that really write about the sea. Although there are not many words, the author focuses on the morphological changes of the sea, draws a big outline and writes out the characteristics of the sea. "How about water?" It's about the rough waves of the sea when there is no wind. When there is a strong wind at sea, it will immediately set off an uproar. "Hongbo surges" vividly shows the majestic momentum of the sea in just four words. The word "Yong" is used very well. From this description, we not only see the shape of the sea surging into the sky, but also seem to hear the sound of stormy waves lapping on the shore. Although the author wrote about the sea, he didn't just write about it. If you only write about the boundless and choppy sea water, even if it is well written, it will give people a sense of silence. Therefore, when describing the sea, the author inserted the mountain island vegetation to touch it. With the brushwork of mountain island vegetation, the sea is written with vigor and prosperity, which makes people feel that the sea is not only vast and magnificent, but also beautiful. Let's try to recite these sentences together, and we can appreciate the charm: the vast sea, undulating waves, flapping the coast, towering mountains and islands, lush vegetation swaying in the bleak autumn wind, what a magnificent artistic conception and what a beautiful picture!

(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems and Paintings Love, ditto)

4. Four sentences about "Journey to the Sun and Moon"

In the face of this charming sea scenery, the author launched a rich and strange imagination. "The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The sun, the moon and the Milky Way, which keep running, are all contained in this sea. How energetic! These four sentences are the climax of the whole poem, and the author uses exaggerated expression techniques to create an extremely open artistic conception, which adds a positive romantic color to the whole poem. Although highly exaggerated, the author still firmly grasps the majestic characteristics of the sea to write, and exaggeration is reasonable.

(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems and Paintings Love, ditto)

The poet's rich imagination has brought us to a more magnificent realm: "If the journey of the sun and the moon comes out from this; Xinghan is brilliant, if you take it by surprise. "This word 16 describes the vastness of the sea and writes a picture of the sun, moon and stars, including pregnant stars. The sky is connected with water, and the water is connected with the sky, which is boundless. It's really spectacular. " Xinghan is the Milky Way in the sky. The meaning of these four poems is: the sun and the moon rise in the east every day, go around once, and then set to the west, as if rising from the sea and falling into the sea. The starry galaxy is oblique in the sky, and its far end is perpendicular to the sea, as if it originated from the sea. The sun, the moon and the milky way are the most brilliant and greatest images in nature, but the poet feels that their operation is still inseparable from the embrace of the sea, which is like the mother of the sun, the moon and the stars. This broad realm is rare in ancient poetry.

(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)

5. The characteristics of scene blending in watching the sea.

In this poem, scenery and emotion are closely combined. Facts have shown that the author expressed his ambition to unify China and make contributions by writing about the sea. This feeling is not directly revealed in the poem, but contained in the description of the scenery. This lyric way is different from many lyric ways of writing landscape poems in ancient times. Many lyric poems describing scenery in ancient times were divided into scenes, or they focused on the scenery above and the emotion below. For example, in Jing Ke's Yi Shui Ge, the sentence "The wind is rustling, Shui Han" focuses on Feng Shui; The next sentence "A strong man will never return" describes the feeling that a strong man will die. For example, Du Fu's "The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower", the first part of "With Wu in my east and Chu in the south, we can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth", which focuses on scenery and is also very ambitious; The bottom line is "but there is no news from relatives or friends, I am old and sick, alone with my boat", and the focus is on love writing. Looking at the Sea contains feelings in the scenery and feelings in the scenery. The words in Looking at the Sea are full of passion. Although the six sentences in "What's Water" are depicting the vibrant sea scenery, they are actually praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and revealing the author's feelings of loving the motherland. Seeing the magnificent scenery of the motherland's mountains and rivers aroused the poet's strong desire to unify the motherland. So with the help of rich imagination, to fully express this point.