Wheat field management technology

Wheat is an important food in northern China. When planting wheat in the field, we should pay attention to management and methods. What should be paid attention to in wheat field management? Let's take a look at what I have carefully recommended to you, hoping to help you.

Eight-character formula for field management of spring sowing winter wheat

Spring is the key period to determine the number of spikes, grains per spike and grain weight of wheat. Strengthening field management in spring according to seedling condition is the key to realize high yield of wheat. In management, we should focus on implementation? Press, hold, clear, chase, fall, control, prevent and resist? Eight-character hint.

Squeezing: pressing wheat in early spring. Pressing wheat in early spring can make the soil sink, bridge the gap in the soil, play the role of nourishing water, moisturizing, preventing cold, controlling flourishing and preventing lodging, and promote the root system to grow and turn green early. The suitable period of inhibition is the wheat pressure 1 ~ 2 times from the thawing and pulp returning period to the greening period of the wheat field surface soil; Suppressing the overgrown wheat field for 2-3 times from the turning green to the rising period can inhibit the overground growth and play a role in controlling the overgrown wheat field from turning strong and preventing falling; When sowing in autumn, the wheat fields with large land preparation area and many weeds should be suppressed in time after the soil is frozen in early spring. Should be suppressed? Second, be early, and third, don't press? . That is, wheat fields with poor soil preparation quality should be suppressed as soon as possible, and wheat fields with poor soil moisture should be suppressed as soon as possible, and soil capillary should be connected to improve soil moisture; Don't crush the wheat in the morning, when the soil moisture is too high and the plants freeze, so as not to crush the wheat leaves and destroy the soil structure.

Hug: It is to hoe wheat. Cutting grass and loosening soil has the functions of increasing temperature and preserving moisture, promoting the weak and strong, controlling the strong and strong, promoting the early development of wheat seedling root system and the rapid growth of new tillers. Generally, before and after turning green, the wheat is first suppressed and then hoed. Generally, the hoeing depth in wheat field is 1 ~ 2 cm, and the hoeing depth in danger of lodging is 3 cm.

Clear: Clear the plastic film in winter in time. If the soil is covered with manure in winter to prevent cold, it should be cleaned twice in the green period to prevent the manure from affecting the photosynthesis of leaves.

Topdressing and watering: topdressing and watering. Top dressing and watering should be done? Five look? Check fertilizer and water scientifically.

The operation of fertilizer and water in spring depends on soil moisture, seedling condition, period, weather and soil fertility.

Where the wheat fields are sown too early before winter and frozen with frozen water, or are not watered with frozen water, and the drought is serious, when the temperature has stabilized above 3℃ in mid-March, choose sunny days and irrigate with small water from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., and strictly control the water quantity without flooding; In case of sudden cooling, stop pouring immediately, and then pour after the temperature rises to prevent frostbite.

For the three types of wheat fields with poor soil moisture and yield of less than 450,000 stems per mu, popularization is the main method, and the first fertilizer water is poured during the greening period, and 5-8 kg of urea is applied after watering; At jointing stage, fertilizer water is poured for the second time, and urea 10 ~ 15 kg is applied with water per mu. The second-class wheat fields with good soil moisture and 450,000 ~ 600,000 stems per mu should be watered for the first time in the early stage of wheat growth, and combined with watering, 65,438+00 ~ 65,438+05 kg of urea should be topdressing per mu. Among them, wheat fields with weak wheat seedlings and insufficient groups can be topdressing and watering in the early to middle period of getting up; Suitable groups of wheat fields should be watered for the first time in the late stage of getting up.

For a kind of wheat field with good soil moisture and a total yield of 600,000-800,000 stems per mu, the first fertilization can be postponed to the jointing stage, and urea can be topdressing 65,438+02 ~ 65,438+05 kg per mu for combined watering.

For the flourishing seedlings with a yield of more than 800,000 stems per mu, which are in danger of lodging, we should cultivate and restrain them before jointing to control the flourishing growth of the population. Generally, it can be watered and fertilized in the later stage of jointing stage, and 8 ~ 10 kg of urea can be applied per mu.

Prevention: chemical prevention to prevent falling. Chemical control can effectively shorten the basic internode length and improve the lodging resistance. For high-yield fields, or a few wheat fields that yield more than 800,000 stems per mu before winter due to early sowing and high density, or wheat fields that tend to flourish due to excessive fertilization, or plots with poor lodging resistance, 37.5-50g of 10% Guoguang Ai Feng wettable powder or 25-30ml of 20% Zhuangfeng 'an emulsifiable concentrate should be evenly sprayed in 30kg of water during the rising period.

Prevention: Integrated control of diseases, insects and weeds. Spring is the season with frequent diseases, pests and weeds in winter wheat, so we should pay attention to timely prevention and control. In spring, wheat pests mainly include red spider and red midge, and diseases mainly include root rot and take-all disease.

Wheat red spider can be controlled by Parker aqueous solution or avermectin spray. From April 20 to 30, the wheat red midge was first controlled in Jidong. 20 ~ 30 kilograms of fine fluvo-aquic soil was mixed with 2 ~ 3 kilograms of chlorpyrifos per mu and evenly scattered in the wheat field. If the water content is insufficient, it should be watered. The second time, at the heading and flowering stage of wheat, the adults of wheat red midge and wheat aphid were controlled by spraying water with mirex and deltamethrin.

Root rot and take-all disease can be controlled by irrigation with 20% triadimefon 500 ~ 800 times solution.

Weeds in the wheat field. When there are 2 ~ 3 leaves of weeds in the early stage of wheat growth, chemical weeding should be carried out in sunny and windless weather. In addition, the dosage should be strictly controlled to avoid drug damage.

Royal: It is to defend against low temperature and freezing injury in time in spring. After the wheat turns green, we should pay attention to the weather forecast and pay close attention to the weather changes. If it is predicted that the temperature will drop significantly in the near future, it should be sprayed before the cold wave comes? Bihu? Or plant growth regulators such as Tianda -2 1 16, Dayun 120 and Lufeng 95 added with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. ? Bihu? Spraying 3 grams of water per mu and watering 2 ~ 3 days before cold wave can effectively prevent freezing injury in early spring. If there is low temperature frostbite, take immediate remedial measures and spray? Bihu? , Tianda -2 1 16, Lufeng 95 and other plant growth regulators, apply about 10 kg of urea per mu, and carry out intertillage to conserve soil moisture, improve ground temperature, promote root development, increase tillering, make up for the loss of main stems, repair damage and reduce freezing damage.

Do a good job in the middle and late stages of wheat planting? One spray and three defenses?

The middle and late growth period of wheat is the key period of yield formation, and it is also the peak period of various diseases and insect pests. During this period, good field management is very important to ensure high yield of wheat. In recent years? One spray and three defenses? Technology is widely used in the middle and late management of wheat. It refers to mixing pesticides, fungicides, trace fertilizers and drought-resistant agents and spraying them with water, which can simultaneously achieve the purposes of preventing wheat diseases and insect pests, preventing dry and hot wind, preventing lodging and increasing grain weight, and increasing production and income.

Wheat in our province will gradually enter booting stage and heading stage from south to north. Can we proceed? One spray and three defenses? , focusing on the control of scab, ear aphids and other pests and diseases.

Gibberella is also called ear blight. Rotten ears of wheat, red ears of wheat and wheat are easy to occur from seedling stage to heading stage, which mainly cause seedling blight, stem base rot, stem rot and ear rot, among which ear rot is the most serious. The control of wheat scab should focus on the control of chemicals at heading and flowering stage. Spraying carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, prochloraz and other drugs at the initial flowering stage, and spraying 500 times of Yongye Su Sheng solution at the same time can prevent and control once every 5-7 days.

When there are 30-60 aphids per square meter at seedling stage, 15% aphids at booting stage or 10 aphids per plant on average, aphids should be controlled. You can choose imidacloprid, acetamiprid, carbofuran and other drugs to spray, and at the same time spray 500 times of Yongye Su Sheng.

? One spray and three defenses? Time:

Wheat heading and flowering period: from mid-late April to early May, with high temperature and humidity, it is a period of high incidence of diseases and insect pests, which needs to be prevented and controlled.

Wheat filling period: the middle and late May is the key period for yield formation. Spraying foliar fertilizer combined with pest control can prevent dry hot wind and increase grain weight.

Adoption? One spray and three defenses? Technically, the following points should be noted:

1. It is forbidden to use highly toxic and residual pesticides.

2. According to the occurrence characteristics and trends of pests and diseases, select appropriate pesticides, scientifically prepare them and spray them evenly.

3. Spraying at the heading and flowering stage of wheat should avoid the flowering and pollination stage.

4. Strictly abide by the safe operation procedures for pesticide use, do a good job in protection, prevent personnel from poisoning, and do a good job in cleaning the pesticide application equipment.

Application method of yongye life element in wheat;

Seed dressing method: sow 30 kg with 70- 100 ml of Yongye biocide and 1.5 kg of water, then pile it up for 2 hours, spread it out and dry it for sowing. Seed dressing with Yongye Su Sheng can improve the germination rate of wheat, ensure uniform germination and strong buds, and improve the disease resistance of seeds.

Foliar spraying period and application effect: Spraying 500 times of Yongye Su Sheng solution at jointing stage of wheat can prevent lodging and promote plant growth and health. Spraying Yongye Su Sheng 500 times solution at booting stage can promote the orderly heading of wheat, enhance plant disease resistance and lodging resistance, make wheat plants grow healthily and increase ear length. Spraying Yongye Su Sheng 500 times solution at the early filling stage can enhance the ability of plants to resist lodging and dry hot wind, promote wheat grain enrichment and increase 1000-grain weight.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in wheat sowing period during growing period

The prevention and control of pests and diseases from autumn sowing date to seedling stage of wheat is an important technical content, and the sowing date and seedling stage of wheat are also the key periods for the prevention and control of many pests and weeds, which often lead to lack of seedlings, broken ridges or weak seedlings. In view of the occurrence characteristics of diseases and insect pests in wheat sowing period, we should adhere to the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive management" and carry out comprehensive control according to local conditions.

First, close the seeds and choose disease-resistant varieties.

Select varieties with high quality, high yield and good comprehensive stress resistance. In recent years, Shixin 828, Shixin 733 and McKee 22 have been popularized, and the water-saving varieties are Shimai 15 and Youshi 17. The selected varieties must be healthy and disease-free seeds that have passed plant quarantine.

Second, agricultural measures.

1, seed selection. Before sowing, the seeds should be dried and carefully selected, and the seeds should be broken, broken and germinated; The purpose of removing grass seeds is to improve seed quality and reduce the spread of gramineous weeds.

2. Suitable for late sowing and reasonable close planting.

The suitable sowing date in Zhao county is 65438+1October 5-65438+May 5, and the sowing amount is 20-25 kg. Premature sowing will lead to serious diseases and insect pests. So the sowing date should not be too early.

3. The occurrence and harm of wheat witches' broom can be reduced by clearing the diseased bodies and weeds in and around the field and destroying the habitats and wintering places of Laodelphax striatellus, crickets and germs.

Third, chemical treatment before sowing

1. Soil treatment For plots with severe wheat sheath blight and take-all disease, 50% carbendazim 1 kg+15% triadimefon 1 kg+100 kg water can be used to pour into the soil or spray it on the surface with water, and then ploughing. For plots with serious underground pests such as Flammulina velutipes, crickets, crickets and grubs, 2.5% methyl isophorone granules or 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate are used per mu, which are mixed with 15-20 kg fine soil, scattered on the ground and turned into the soil when fertilizing.

2. Chemical seed dressing:

Control grubs, needle flies, moles, Laodelphax striatellus and aphids, and prevent dwarf disease and yellow dwarf disease. Seed dressing can be done with Kefeng without aphid damage or with 70g of 70% imidacloprid wettable powder+50g of 40% methyl isocarbophos emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 0.5-2kg of 65438 and 0.5-2kg of water, 20-20kg (the amount of seeds in two acres), piled for 3-4hr, drained and sowed.

To prevent and control root rot, sheath blight and head smut, (1)6% tebuconazole suspension seed coating agent can be used for seed dressing, piled for 6 hours, dried and sowed; (2)2.5% Texas seed coating agent 100ml, seed dressing 100kg, evenly stirring, and then stacking for 3-5 hours; Endosystemic fungicides such as carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl can also be used for seed dressing.

For the plot with serious take-all disease of wheat, 20-40ml seed dressing agent or 200ml 12.5% take-all seed dressing agent can be used per mu, adding 5kg of water, mixing with100kg of wheat seeds, piling for 4-8h, and drying to sow. Note: When mixing pesticides and fungicides for seed dressing, the pesticides can be mixed first, and then mixed after the fungicides are piled up and dried.

In the areas where the above pests and diseases are mixed, the relevant fungicides and pesticides should be mixed for seed dressing to achieve the effect of multiple control, but it should be noted that the pesticides should be mixed first, and then the fungicides should be mixed after the seeds are dried; Mix the emulsion first, and then mix it when the powder is absorbed. Generally, the mixed seeds should not be placed for a long time, and should be used as they are mixed.