Technical Guide for Field Management of Rice, Corn and Cotton in Hubei Province

Technical guide for field management of rice, corn and cotton in our province at present

Affected by the super El Ni? o phenomenon, our province suffered from continuous low temperature and rainy weather and continuous heavy precipitation, which affected crops such as rice, corn and cotton in the field to varying degrees. In order to scientifically cope with the impact of disasters and reduce losses, the following technical guidance is put forward.

I. Rice

(A) as soon as possible to eliminate waterlogging

The flooded paddy field should be drained as soon as possible, so that the rice tip can be exposed to the water as soon as possible. In the case of high temperature and scorching sun, water cannot be drained at one time, and a suitable water layer must be reserved. In rainy days, the field water can be drained at one time. When the water recedes, the floating objects are taken away with the waterlogging, so as to reduce the crushing injury and leaf rot of rice seedlings and prevent plants from being crushed by mud and sand. We should try our best to keep the rice upright and help them as much as possible. After the flood recedes, it is necessary to ditch and drain around the fields in time, especially in low-lying fields, to promote the recovery of root growth, not only to maintain the water demand of rice plants, but also to ensure soil ventilation.

(b) Scientific fertilizer and water management

1. Early rice. It is about to enter the mature harvest period, so drainage should be done in time during the rainstorm to prevent flooding and lodging and germination on the spike. For mature fields, it is necessary to organize machinery or manpower to harvest in time, so that one piece is mature, one piece is harvested, and the other piece is threshed and dried to avoid germination and mildew caused by stacking.

2. Middle rice. Most of the mid-season rice has entered the reproductive growth stage, so it is necessary to drain water in time, stabilize the seedlings and wash them with clear water. The shallow water layer should be maintained in the paddy field that has entered the booting stage to raise the fetus and protect the ear. According to the situation of seedlings, 3-5 kilograms of fertilizer should be applied at booting stage per mu, and quick-acting fertilizer should be the main topdressing, and attention should be paid to the coordinated use of potassium fertilizer.

3. Late rice. At the seedling stage, it is necessary to properly maintain the shallow water layer when rushing to drain the accumulated water, so as to prevent the seedlings from dying due to the rapid temperature rise after the rain. The growth period of early rice is generally delayed by 7- 10 days this year. In addition, some early rice will be flooded, and the harvest will be delayed, which may lead to the late rice seedlings being too old and the leaves being white and long. Therefore, paclobutrazol should be sprayed in time to control seedling growth and sow in time.

(3) Strengthen pest control

Paddy fields flooded by floods are prone to bacterial blight and sheath blight, and should be prevented in time after water withdrawal to prevent post-disaster disasters. To control bacterial blight, 600 times of 20% yekuning wettable powder can be applied. The pesticide for late rice seedlings and seedling blight was applied once, and 20% tricyclazole wettable powder 100g was sprayed on the leaves with 75kg of water. Pay close attention to the harm of two migratory pests caused by heavy rainfall to middle rice and late rice, and prevent and control them in time.

(4) Replanting in time.

Where late rice seedlings are damaged more, we should actively organize seedling adjustment. If the seedlings are insufficient, the whole field should be ploughed in time, and early rice varieties should be used for direct seeding in autumn. In the middle paddy field after water withdrawal, if the leaves of the plant spit water in the morning and white roots appear at the roots, it means that the plant is still alive, so it can raise roots and protect leaves and resume growth; If the leaves of the plant have been flooded and lost their functions, but the roots are still alive, the seedlings can be cut and stored in rice piles in time to promote the germination of low axillary buds and do a good job in updating the season. For the fields that have not been harvested after flooding and the rice replanting season is not enough, suitable dry farming varieties can be selected to turn the water into drought, such as corn, mung bean, sweet potato, buckwheat and other short-growing autumn miscellaneous grains, or radish and other vegetable varieties.

Second, corn.

(a) dredge ditches, timely drainage

Pay close attention to the weather changes and dredge the field drains in advance. For plots with accumulated water, the accumulated water in the field should be discharged as soon as possible to reduce the humidity in the field and prevent waterlogging.

(2) Clear the field and resume growth.

For plots that have lost their roots, the lodging plants should be lifted up as soon as possible, and the soil should be consolidated; For the bent plots, it is necessary to use the plant's own ability to restore the upright position as much as possible to avoid the broken stems caused by artificial straightening and cause greater losses.

(C) intertillage fertilization, timely moisture conservation

Cooperate with application of nitrogen fertilizer, intertillage and loosen soil, disperse water to cultivate soil, break soil hardening, improve soil permeability, restore root activity as soon as possible, and enhance plant lodging resistance.

Strengthen the monitoring, prevention and control of pests and diseases.

After the flood disaster, the humidity in the field is high, which is easy to induce many pests such as stem rot, ear rot, leaf spot and rust. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and early warning, pay close attention to the occurrence dynamics of pests and diseases in the field, and carry out timely prevention and control to reduce the losses caused by pests and diseases.

(5) Grab crops and replant them to reduce losses.

In case of lodging and other disasters, spring corn with ears should be picked as soon as possible or mature ears should be dried. For some irreparable corn plots, clear the field in time, harvest plants as green fodder, replant vegetables, soybeans, autumn corn, autumn potatoes and other crops according to local conditions, and replant late rice with water resources conditions to minimize disaster losses.

Third, cotton.

Ditch drainage and moisture reduction

For waterlogged cotton fields, four ditches should be dredged in time to reduce groundwater level and promote root development.

(2) washing and supporting seedlings

Cotton seedlings washed or submerged by flood water should be sprayed with clear water with a sprayer in time to clean the seedlings after the water recedes. Lodging cotton seedlings should be righted in time.

(3) scarifying and topdressing

In sunny days after rain, intertillage and loosen the soil in time to break the hardening, enhance soil permeability and promote root system development. Combined with intertillage, top-dressing the seedlings with bud fertilizer or flower and boll fertilizer, and at the same time, do a good job of soil cultivation.

(4) chemical control of seedlings

Too much rain is easy to cause cotton seedlings to grow vigorously, leading to a large number of cotton bolls falling off. To strengthen chemical control, according to the growth of seedlings, spray mepiquat chloride1-3g per mu. For cotton seedlings with waterlogging and slow growth, spraying growth-promoting regulators can promote the rapid recovery of cotton seedlings.

(5) Control of blind stinkbug scale.

Rainy days are not only conducive to the occurrence and harm of blind stinkbug scale, but also conducive to the development of control work. It is necessary not only to catch the rain and live in the gap, but also to choose pesticides for prevention and control.

(6) Replanting in time

Crops such as rice, vegetables, corn and sweet potatoes will be replanted in cotton fields that have been flooded for a long time and have damaged more than 60% of seedlings. Direct seeding of rice for two nights, before July 9 at the latest, and early-maturing early rice variety July 3 1 pre-autumn seed.