Will the tree shelter forest stop the smog caused by strong winds?

The Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau released the top ten smog rumors of the year, and wind power plants and shelterbelts blocked the smog caused by strong winds.

Hot news and hot events, today I will introduce you to the latest hot spots today. I hope I can share the contents of these events with you.

"Automobile exhaust is cleaner than air 10 times, and the contribution of motor vehicles to smog is not so great?" "Beijing is heavily polluted by smog and the air contains antibiotic-resistant bacteria." Recently, with the frequent smog weather this winter, some rumors have also taken advantage of it. What is the truth? On the evening of the 30th, the reporter learned from Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau that in response to the misunderstanding of smog by some media and some members of the public this year, in order to respond to social concerns and guide scientific cognition, the Publicity and Education Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Beijing Environmental Protection Publicity Center jointly exposed the "Top Ten Smog Rumors in 20 16" and refuted them.

Proverbs 1: Beijing smog in macro lens?

The online video shows the smog in Beijing under the macro lens of 4000 lumens of light. In the video, some small particles are floating around, which looks really scary. Many netizens have said that they must wear masks that have never been embarrassed before, and some netizens commented that "this kind of air will kill people." The video has been forwarded by nearly ten thousand people.

Truth: The fog droplets and fine particles that form smog are invisible to the naked eye and need the help of microscope instruments. The video only sees dust.

Proverb 2: Automobile exhaust is cleaner than air 10 times, and the contribution of motor vehicles to smog is not so great.

In the video of a car website, on a heavily polluted day, a person wearing a gas mask extended the air quality detector to the exhaust pipe of a car, and the reading of PM2.5 dropped from nearly 500 to 48. It is concluded that automobile exhaust is cleaner 10 times than air in foggy days.

Truth: Most of the contribution of automobile exhaust to pm2.5 is indirect. The tail gas contains nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other substances, which are gases and will not be reflected in the air quality tester for measuring PM2.5, but these gases are both "raw materials" and "catalysts" for PM2.5 production. Among the local pollution sources in Beijing, the contribution of pollutants emitted by motor vehicles to PM2.5 is 3 1. 1%, accounting for 40% in non-heating season. Organic matter, nitrate, sulfate and ammonium salt produced by secondary conversion account for 70% of PM2.5

Proverbs 3: Is the red warning issued because there is ammonium sulfate in the smog?

Since mid-February, 65438, large-scale haze weather has appeared in Huanghuai and other places in North China. In the shadow of persistent smog, some rumors have also begun to breed on the Internet. A message widely circulated on the Internet said, "Internally, this smog mainly contains ammonium sulfate, which was not originally the level of red warning, but only because of the existence of ammonium sulfate. Remind the children not to go out. The purifier at home is on for a long time. Drink more water. It turned out that the ammonium sulfate in London exceeded the standard, and many people died without protection. "

Truth: According to the Emergency Plan for Heavy Air Pollution in Beijing, the red warning is to predict serious pollution for four consecutive days or more, and two of them will reach serious pollution; Or the single-day air quality index (AQI) reaches 500. Ammonium sulfate is not the standard for issuing a red warning. 165438+ 10 The paper "From London Fog to China Smog: Persistent Sulfate Formation from London Fog to China Smog" published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in late October pointed out that in China, agricultural nitrogen fertilizer and industrial emissions produced a large amount of ammonia pollution, and basic ammonia promoted the reaction process of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, forming a large amount of ammonium sulfate, but it was also neutralized. Although the neutral pH value of smog in China does not mean that smog in China is harmless, it is not as acute as acid smog in London. The acute toxicity of ammonium sulfate is not great, and the fatal culprit of London fog is high concentration of sulfur dioxide.

Myth 4: Do wind farms and shelterbelts stop the smog caused by strong winds?

Some people think that a large number of wind power stations have been built in Inner Mongolia to steal the strong wind in Beijing, and the Three-North Shelterbelt has attenuated the wind in the north, causing the smog to blow away.

Truth: The wind can recover when it hits an obstacle. Local wind power generation or local shelterbelts will not have a far-reaching impact on downstream wind power. The fundamental reason for the formation of fog and haze is that ground pollutants impact the static state of the atmosphere. At present, no scientific research shows that there is a causal relationship between wind farms or shelterbelts and the formation of smog.

Proverb 5: The smog continues because of "nuclear pollution".

It is said that large-scale uranium and coal resources have been discovered underground in Ordos, Inner Mongolia. Through combustion, uranium in coal enters the air, which is the reason for the large-scale smog in China at present.

Truth: The main influencing factor of smog is meteorological conditions. Uranium itself is a heavy element, which is not easy to be oxidized and will not become dust; Moreover, the power plant will carry out dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification on the emissions. Even if it does exist, it should remain in the combustion residue, and the amount entering the air is very small.

Proverb 6: "Coal to gas" aggravates air pollution in Beijing?

An article entitled "Smoke exhaust from natural gas boilers is an important reason for aggravating smog weather in Beijing" points out that smoke exhaust from natural gas boilers is the main source of "rich water vapor" in Beijing and an "accomplice" to aggravate smog air. It is said that the development of natural gas in Beijing is a double-edged sword, which has clean energy, negative effects of water vapor emission and nitrogen oxide pollution.

Truth: Wang Zifa, a researcher at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that according to China's current natural gas consumption, the gaseous water produced by burning natural gas every year is about 300 million tons. If all the liquid water is converted into liquid water (but it is actually impossible to convert it into liquid water), it will be evenly distributed in the eastern area where the population is concentrated (estimated area is about 3.6 million square kilometers), and the thickness of liquid water is less than 0. 1 mm/year, accounting for only one hundred thousand of the atmospheric precipitable water. Therefore, "coal to gas" will not significantly increase the humidity in Beijing's atmosphere, nor is it the main source of "rich water vapor" in Beijing.

Professor Feng Yinchang of Nankai University said that no matter burning coal, gas or oil, nitrogen oxides will be emitted. Whether "changing coal to gas" will lead to the increase of nitrogen oxides mainly depends on the combustion mode and quality of coal before changing gas and the combustion technology adopted after changing gas. If low nitrogen combustion technology is adopted, the emission of nitrogen oxides will be reduced. Denitrification started later than desulfurization in China, and the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the atmospheric environment has not decreased as much as that of sulfur dioxide in recent years. The increase of nitrogen oxide concentration may cause secondary pollution, but it can be controlled. Moreover, the causes and mechanisms of pollution are very complicated. Because the concentration of nitrogen oxides has not decreased significantly, it is unscientific to say that particulate pollution is still serious.

Proverb 7: Beijing's air quality is getting worse?

Some people think that the smog is frequent now, and the air quality in Beijing is not improving but deteriorating.

Truth: According to the monitoring data of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, as of February 27th, 20 16, the average concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing was 72 μ g/m3, down by 10.0% year-on-year (down by 8 μ g/m3). Decrease by 20% (decrease 13) Beijing's air pollution control history: 1998-20 13 The evaluation report "Beijing's air pollution control history" published by Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau shows that 20 15 years, and 20 13 years. In addition, the monitoring data of international organizations such as NASA also support the trend of continuous improvement of air quality in Beijing.

Proverbs 8: Smog can only wait for the wind, and emergency measures for heavy pollution are useless.

There is a view that the smog in Beijing can only wait for the wind, and the measures that have been put into practice with such great efforts during the period of heavy pollution have not played a role in driving away the smog.

Truth: The function of heavy pollution emergency is to reduce pollutant discharge and accumulation as much as possible through certain emergency emission reduction measures, thus ensuring public health to the maximum extent. According to professional calculations, during the red alert this year, compared with no measures, PM2.5 decreased by about 23% on average, and other pollutants decreased by about 30% on average. Haze is caused by pollutants discharged by human production and life exceeding the environmental capacity under certain meteorological conditions. Only by reducing the emission intensity of pollutants through corresponding control measures can the air pollution problem be fundamentally solved, which requires a long-term process.

Proverb 9: Beijing is seriously polluted by smog, and the air contains antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

2016165438+123 October, four scholars from the antibiotic resistance research center of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden mentioned in their research that "antibiotic resistance genes were detected from the smog in Beijing". Subsequently, some official WeChat accounts in China published the title "The Pain of Breathing! Drug-resistant bacteria are found in smog in Beijing and other places, and more than 60 kinds of drug-resistant bacteria in smog in Beijing will lead to drug failure. 165438+1On October 24th, some media published a news article entitled "Drug-resistant bacteria were found in smog in Beijing, and" the last antibiotic of mankind "could do nothing about it", which was reprinted by a large number of media and self-media on 25th.

Truth: The Beijing Municipal Health Planning Commission responded that drug resistance and pathogenicity of bacteria are completely different concepts, and the enhancement of drug resistance does not mean the enhancement of pathogenicity. Many experts at home and abroad said that bacterial drug resistance has nothing to do with smog, smog does not produce drug resistance genes, and smog has no necessary causal relationship with drug-resistant bacteria. The acquisition of bacterial drug resistance is caused by evolutionary selection and induced selection of antibiotics, not by smog. The hazardous factors in smog are mainly chemical pollutants, which have adverse health effects on respiratory system and cardiovascular system, and the health risks caused by microorganisms are very small.

Rumor 10: smog blocking alveoli? The incidence of lung cancer in Beijing is much higher than that in the whole country, showing a trend of youthfulness, and air pollution is the culprit.

There is no doubt that smog affects health, but there are various opinions circulating on the internet: the incidence of lung cancer in Beijing is much higher than that in the whole country, showing a trend of rejuvenation, and air pollution is the culprit? Can 80 PM2.5 particles block an alveoli? Will smog make fresh lungs black for six days? Smoking smog for a day may lead to hemiplegia? Can smog lead to infertility? Smog kills people for five and a half years?

Truth: Academician Zhong Nanshan recently issued a statement saying that "many data about smog carcinogens have been taken out of context, exaggerated or tampered with", clarifying that there is a conceptual error in the article "Don't joke about smog, it is a first-class carcinogen", and apologizing for quoting relevant data, saying that "it may cause excessive public panic". From 2003 to 20 12, excluding the aging factor, the average annual growth rate of lung cancer in Beijing was 1.2%. 20 1 1 year, the age-standardized incidence rate of lung cancer in Beijing is 23.53/ 1 10,000, while the latest standardized incidence rate of lung cancer in China is 25.34/ 1 10,000, which shows that the incidence rate of lung cancer in Beijing is slightly lower than the national average. 20 1 1 The median age of onset of lung cancer in Beijing was 7 1 year, indicating that the median age of onset of lung cancer in Beijing in 2002 was 69 years old, an increase of 2 years. It can be seen that the incidence of lung cancer in Beijing is not younger. Others, such as "80 PM2.5 particles can block an alveolus?" Will smog make fresh lungs black for six days? Smoking smog for a day may lead to hemiplegia? Can smog lead to infertility? Smog kills people for five and a half years? "Such rumors have no scientific basis and have been confirmed as rumors by relevant departments.