How to plant Coprinus comatus

High-yield cultivation techniques of Coprinus comatus with fermented materials

Jiangsu xinyi city Kangyuan Edible Fungi Institute Tel: 05 16-88939450

First, the temperature requirements during the fruiting period. The formation of fruiting body of Coprinus comatus has a great relationship with temperature. When the natural temperature is lower than 8℃ or higher than 30℃, the fruiting bodies are not easy to form, and when the natural temperature is 16-24℃, the number of fruiting bodies is large and the yield is the highest. The temperature is low, the fruiting body grows slowly, but the mushroom cap is big and thick, the handle is short and firm, the individual is fat and strong, the quality is good, the mushroom cap becomes smaller and thinner, the quality is reduced, and it is easy to open the umbrella and dissolve itself. Therefore, it is appropriate to control the natural temperature at 10-28℃ during the fruiting period. In case of high or low temperature weather, you must do a good job of cooling or heating.

Second, water management technology. Whether Coprinus comatus can obtain high quality and high yield depends on temperature control, and one aspect of water management is water spraying technology. After the bed is covered with soil, the soil moisture should be gradually wetted several times in 2-3 days, and the water content reaches about 18%. The standard is that soil particles have no white core, so they can be held together by hand, but they can be scattered when touching the ground, so that hyphae can quickly reach into the soil layer and grow in the soil layer. In the future, combined with the air temperature, soil water content and mycelium growth, the method of light spraying and frequent spraying was adopted to supplement water and keep the soil layer moist. After about 10- 15 days, after a large number of solid primordia are formed on the bed surface, the water spraying amount should be gradually increased to meet the needs of the growth and development of fruiting bodies for water. With the growth and expansion of fruiting bodies, the amount of water sprayed per square meter per day should reach 2000-2500 ml. After one tide of mushrooms is over, stop water for 2-3 days to facilitate the growth of hyphae. After the next tide of mushrooms grows, gradually increase the amount of water spray for management. On the other hand, air humidity management. During the fruiting period, the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom room or shed must reach 90%-95%. If the air humidity is low, the fruit body scales increase, the mushroom body is dim, the mushroom body tissue is loose and the weight is light, which seriously affects the yield and quality. The principle of water management can be summarized as follows: "The mushroom should be sprayed with more water, the mushroom water should be stable, the tide should be heavy, the maintenance water should be replenished, and the air and water should be diligent."

Third, ventilation management. Coprinus comatus is an aerobic bacterium, which has a strong respiratory function in physiological activities, absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. The ventilation management of Coprinus comatus is different from other mushrooms, and the ventilation volume should not be too large, otherwise the scales on the surface of mushrooms will increase obviously, which will affect the appearance of goods. When spraying water on the bed, be sure to ventilate. Don't close the doors and windows in a hurry after spraying water, at least wait 1 hour before closing and covering the film. When the temperature is high, the doors and windows at both ends of the mushroom house, greenhouse or small arch shed should be hung with wet grass curtains and ventilated to keep the mushroom house as high as possible. The air humidity is high in rainy days, so the ventilation time can be appropriately extended. The general principle is to keep the fresh air and sufficient oxygen in the mushroom house to prevent the microclimate environment from changing dramatically in a short time. Keeping the microenvironment in a relatively stable state is beneficial to the normal growth and development of fruiting bodies.

First, the growth environment

Coprinus comatus has wide adaptability and strong stress resistance, and can be cultivated outdoors or indoors by using crop straws such as rice straw, corn cob and peanut straw. The growth temperature range of mycelium is 3-35 degrees, the optimum temperature range is 22-28 degrees, and the growth temperature range of fruiting body is 5-32 degrees. The water content of the culture medium should be 60%-79%. When the fruiting body grows, the spatial relative temperature should be 85%-90%. Coprinus comatus is an aerobic fungus, which needs sufficient oxygen during the whole growth process, especially in the growth stage of fruiting body, so it should be ventilated frequently. Coprinus comatus is not sensitive to light. The mycelium growth stage is cultivated in the dark, and the fruiting body growth stage is under scattered light. The suitable light intensity is 500- 1000 lux.

Second, the culture medium formula and fermentation

(1) corncob 100 kg, urea 1 kg and lime 3 kg; (2) 40 kg of straw (cut or crushed), 40 kg of corn straw powder, 20 kg of horse manure (dry), 2 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 3 kg of lime; (3) 89 kg of cottonseed hull, 5 kg of straw, 2 kg of lime, 2 kg of gypsum powder and phosphate fertilizer 1 kg. The feed-water ratio is 1: 1.3- 1.4. The materials are fully mixed, piled into a pile with height 1 m, width 1 m or more and unlimited length, and then covered with film for heat preservation and fermentation. When the temperature rises to over 60 degrees in 24 hours, turn over the pile, reach 60 degrees again, keep it for about 24 hours, and then spread it out and bag it for fungus.

Third, bagging.

Put the fermented culture material into a plastic bag of 20 * 45cm, and inoculate the two ends and the middle three layers, with the inoculation amount of 15%-20%. After the seeds are inoculated, they are moved to a culture room for culture. Under the condition of 20-25 degrees, the mycelium can be moved to the mushroom shed (room) to cover the soil for mushroom tube after 30-40 days.

Fourthly, the management of mushroom production by covering soil.

Remove the plastic bag from the mushroom holder and lay it flat on the ground or bedstead. The width is 60-80 cm, and the length is not limited. The periphery and surface are covered with soil. The mulch was dried in the hot sun in advance, and then fumigated and disinfected with 1%- 1.5% formaldehyde and 0.3%-0.5% dichlorvos. When covering soil, use 1%-2% lime water for pre-wetting, cover the surface layer for 3-5cm at a time, and then gradually adjust the soil water content by fine spraying and frequent spraying, and pay attention to ventilation when transferring water. If the temperature of the culture material is normal, don't let too much water flow into the material to avoid deterioration and blackening. After the hyphae climb the soil layer, the relative temperature of the space is raised to 90%-95%, and scattered light is given. In the growth stage of fruiting body, it is mainly to adjust water and humidity, water less and water frequently.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) harvest

Coprinus comatus from primordium to maturity is a very slow process, but once it is close to maturity, its growth speed is obviously accelerated, the stalk is rapidly elongated, the fungus ring is loose and falls off, the fungus cover is easy to open, the fruiting body is easy to break, and the fungus folds turn black and autolyse and liquefy, thus losing its commercial value. This is often said that Coprinus comatus has a short shelf life. In fact, this problem can be solved as long as the harvest period is appropriately advanced. When the fruiting body is 50-60% mature, it is the harvest period. At this time, harvesting has little effect on the total output, but the fruiting body has good quality, high commodity value, long preservation period and transportation resistance. After the first harvest, stop spraying water, spray heavy water into the border 2-3 days later, and continue to manage the mushroom yield. Generally, 3-4 tidal mushrooms can be harvested.