Looking for common collocations in correcting incorrect sentences in the college entrance examination Chinese language, and the requirements are more comprehensive. The more, the better. It is best i

Looking for common collocations in correcting incorrect sentences in the college entrance examination Chinese language, and the requirements are more comprehensive. The more, the better. It is best if the ones summarized before are too few. I can send three of the same...

1. Examination Syllabus Requirements - Analysis and Modification

The examination syllabus requires "Analysis and modification of defective sentences" in this part, and clearly stipulates 6 types of defective sentences: Word order Improper, inappropriate combination, missing or redundant components, confusing structure, unclear meaning, and illogical.

This requirement of the examination syllabus actually contains two contents:

One is to analyze the faulty sentences, and the other is to modify the faulty sentences.

Discriminating and analyzing faulty sentences is the identification and analysis of faulty sentences, which is the prerequisite for modifying faulty sentences. Only with clear analysis can it be possible to prescribe the right medicine and make correct modifications to the diseased sentences. Tests on the analysis of faulty sentences generally appear in the form of multiple-choice questions.

Correcting faulty sentences is the ultimate goal of analyzing faulty sentences. In the college entrance examination, the test on correcting faulty sentences mostly uses subjective test questions, requiring candidates to write and correct them themselves.

It should be pointed out that in actual examinations, the analysis and modification of faulty sentences are often combined with the use of words and punctuation and the knowledge of negative rhetoric.

2. Analysis of test points

1. Improper word order

The so-called improper word order refers to the disorder of the order of words or sentences, thus causing problems in language and science.

Improper word order mainly includes the following situations:

① Improper order of sentence components

② Improper word order

③ Improper order of clauses

④Reversal of subject and object

Please look at the following examples

Example 1 These are three beautiful and educational Chinese novels that I bought.

Analysis: The order of the attributives in this sentence is inappropriate. The correct word order should be: These are three very educational and beautiful Chinese novels that I bought. "I bought it" refers to an attribute word; "three books" refers to a quantitative phrase; "very educational" refers to a verb phrase; "exquisite" is an adjective phrase; "Chinese" refers to a noun that refers to properties.

Example 2 He didn’t cook the braised pork well.

Analysis: The order of adverbials in this sentence is inappropriate. The correct word order is: He didn't cook the braised pork well. When the word "ba" is used as an adverbial, it should be placed after the negative word.

Example 3. Everything in the world is always developing, moving, and changing, and so is language.

Analysis: Improper word order. Among the three words "development", "movement" and "change", the first one should be "movement". Movement causes "change", and only when there is change can "development" occur. Therefore, the correct word order should be "...always moving, changing, and developing there..."

Example 4. I originally wanted to meet you in my hometown this time, but only after returning home did I know that because of you I am busy doing scientific research and will not come back.

Analysis: The associated words are inappropriately positioned. In a complex sentence, when the subjects of the two clauses are the same, the correlative word should be placed after the subject. The correct way to say this sentence is "...I only know that you are busy..." This is item A of question 4 of the 1992 college entrance examination, and it is the correct option. However, due to the negligence of the test question preparers, language problems were also caused.

Example 5 In order to support the people in the disaster area, the people in the village would rather donate rice than eat cornmeal themselves.

Analysis: The clauses of the complex sentences are reversed. The correct statement should be "...I would rather eat cornmeal than donate rice."

Example 6 He grew up here, and the mountains and rivers here are very familiar to him.

Analysis: Subject and object are reversed. "Yes" should be mentioned before "here".

2. Improper collocation

The so-called improper collocation means that several words cannot match each other in meaning when used as related components in a sentence.

Improper collocation has the following common situations:

① Improper collocation of subject and predicate.

②The verb and object are not matched properly.

③Inappropriate collocation of additional components and central language

④Inappropriate collocation of subject and object in sense

Please see the following example sentences:

Example 1. The tomb of Yelu Abaoji, Taizu of Liao Dynasty, is buried on the northwest slope of the valley.

Analysis: Improper combination of subject and predicate. "Mausoleum" cannot be "buried" and should be changed to "built".

Example 2. He immediately convened the Standing Committee to conduct research and uniformly arranged the content, time and attendees of the on-site meeting, as well as issues that should be paid attention to during the meeting.

Analysis: Improper matching of object and object. It’s okay to “arrange” meeting content, time, etc., but it’s not appropriate to “arrange” “problems”. This is item A of question 7 of the 1995 college entrance examination.

Example 3. He looked at King Chuang’s wise face with a humble smile.

Analysis: Improper collocation of attributive center words. "Wingming" cannot modify the "face".

Example 4. Next to him, two armed guards stood with stern expressions.

Analysis: Improper collocation of adverbial center words. "Hong eyebrows and raised eyes" cannot modify "stand".

Example 5. The key to getting good grades in this exam is to study hard.

Analysis: Improper matching of one side and two sides. The former "can" focus on two aspects, but the latter only talks about "hard work", which is obviously inappropriate.

Example 6. The best-selling Jinlong brand brain-boosting liquid is worthy of being a Chinese patent medicine prescription.

Analysis: Improper collocation of subject and object. "Brain-tonifying liquid" cannot be a "prescription".

3. Incomplete or redundant ingredients.

The so-called missing or redundant components refer to the omission or redundancy of the main components such as the subject, predicate, and object of the sentence or the modifying components, related words, etc. that should be there, making the semantic expression unclear or wordy.

Common incomplete or redundant components mainly include the following situations:

① Incomplete: missing subject, predicate, object; missing necessary modifying components and additional components.

② Superfluous: redundant subject, predicate, and object; redundant modifying components and additional components.

③ Please see the following example sentences:

Example 1. After Director Zhi explained repeatedly, his anger gradually subsided, and finally a smile appeared on his face.

Analysis: The subject is incomplete. This is item D of question 4 of the 1992 National College Entrance Examination. Because an extra preposition "passed" was used, the subject of the original sentence became an adverbial, resulting in a incomplete subject.

Example 2. In order to comprehensively promote the use of rapeseed cake or cottonseed cake to feed pigs and accelerate the development of pig breeding, this county held three technical training courses for breeders.

Analysis: The object is incomplete. This is item A of Question 6 of the 1997 College Entrance Examination. The object of "promotion" in the sentence should be "experience", not "feeding pigs"; add "experience" after "feeding pigs" and the sentence will make sense.

Example 3. Recently, a comprehensive quality inspection campaign has been launched, in which a series of tasks such as establishing and strengthening a technical management system are required.

Analysis: The predicate is incomplete. The object of "establishing and strengthening" is "system", not "work". In this way, the sentence will be smooth only if the word "complete" is added before "establish".

Example 4. Today, many leaders from the city came to our school for guidance.

Analysis: Predicate repetition. "Come" means "come".

Example 5. After extensive discussions and repeated revisions, the new bonus and remuneration system was finally implemented.

Analysis: Preposition is redundant. "Zhu" here originally means "of", and with the preposition "yu", it is repeated.

4. Structural confusion

The so-called structural confusion refers to two meanings or two sentence patterns being intertwined together, resulting in unsound sentences.

There are two main types of common sentences with confusing structures:

① Mixed sentence patterns

② Disjointed sentences

Please see the following Example sentences:

Example 1. The main ingredients of cold antipyretic granules are Daqingye, isatis root and Caoheche.

Analysis: A mixture of sentence patterns. In fact, this sentence is made up of two sentences. It can be changed to "The main ingredients of Ganmao Antipyretic Granule are Daqingye, Banlangen, and Caoheche." It can also be changed to "The main ingredients of Ganmao Antipyretic Granule are Daqingye." , Banlangen, and Caoheche.”

Example 2. Based on the principle of ensuring quality and reducing costs, they use new processes and new technologies.

Analysis: Disjointed. If the previous sentence is changed to "based on the principle of..." or changed to "based on the principle of...", the context of the two clauses will become smoother.

5. Unclear meaning

The so-called unclear meaning refers to the fact that inaccurate meaning, misuse of part of speech, unclear reference, ambiguity, etc. affect the clear meaning.

Common situations where the meaning is unclear are as follows:

①Unclear reference of pronouns

②Unexact number

③Uncertain range

④ Ambiguity

Please look at the following examples:

Example 1. Behind the coffin were three women - the mother of the deceased and her two daughters.

Analysis: Unknown reference. Who does "she" refer to in this sentence? "Dead" or "Mother"? If it refers to "the deceased", "her" should be removed.

Example 2. Nearly 400 teachers and students from our school participated in this event.

Analysis: The number is not exact. "Nearly" contradicts "more than four hundred people". It is advisable to delete "nearly" or "many" according to the actual situation.

Example 3. Old ladies from sixty to ninety-nine years old were allowed to ride in cars to participate in the parade.

Resolution: The range is uncertain.

Literally, it seems that people under the age of 59 and over 100 have no right to ride in a car and participate in the parade. It should be changed to "over sixty years old".

Example 4. Everyone is generally very angry that the forest ranger exposed the problem of wood smuggling spearheaded by the Forestry Bureau.

Analysis: Ambiguity. What is everyone “angry” about? Is it a matter of the ranger exposing the problem or is it the ranger exposing the problem? If the word "的" is added after "reveal", the ambiguity will be eliminated.

6. Illogical

The so-called illogical refers to language errors caused by errors in concept use, classification, and judgment.

Common illogical language errors include the following:

① Inconsistency with objective facts

② Inconsistency

③ Classification and enumeration Improper

④ Negation is inappropriate

Please look at the following example sentences:

Example 1. The landlords and bourgeoisie try their best to preach that "Those who work hard govern people, and those who work hard govern others." revisionist view.

Analysis: It is inconsistent with objective facts. The view of "ruling people by those who work hard" is feudal, and it is impossible for the landlords and bourgeoisie to promote revisionist views.

Example 2. The movie is about to start, and the audience is rushing to enter the theater.

Analysis: Inconsistency. "Filing in" is one after another, which should be very orderly, which is contradictory to the previous "race to the top". "Squabbling" should be "swarming".

Example 3. This afternoon, the tasks of our class are to sweep the floor, pull weeds, pave the paths and carry out campus sanitation.

Analysis: Improper classification enumeration. Sweeping the floor, pulling weeds, and paving the streets are all specific contents of "carrying out campus hygiene" and cannot be connected by "and" in a parallel relationship.

Example 4. With the development of science today, no one will deny that the earth does not orbit the sun.

Analysis: Improper negation. The whole sentence uses triple negation, causing semantic confusion. Only by deleting the last "no" can the sentence be smooth.

3. Method guidance - prescribing the right medicine

1. Grasp the shortcomings as a whole

Analyze and modify the wrong sentences. The sentences given often have more content. The formula is long, the ingredients are complex, and it is quite confusing. When encountering such sentences, students often only look at the part and not the whole, causing errors in judgment.

For example:

I looked back and saw a middle-aged rural woman with dark skin standing in front of the counter.

If you look at it separately, there is nothing wrong with the first half and the second half of this sentence, but when you put them together and consider them as a whole, problems arise. "Standing" means standing for a long time, and "I" just "looked back", which is just a moment. How can I know the length of time that woman stood? Obviously, if you change "stand" to "stand", there will be no such problem.

Another example:

Students who respect their teachers will be praised by people.

The first half of this sentence "students who respect their teachers" is ambiguous. It can be understood as either the verb-object structure "respect...students" or the partial structure "students..." "When many students see this, they think that the meaning of this sentence is unclear and it is a bad sentence; however, if you look at the second half of the sentence, you will find that with the second half of the sentence, the previous ambiguity is eliminated. Therefore, when solving problems, don't hold on to a little problem and not let go, but grasp the overall situation and focus on the flaws.

2. Think deeply and find out the rules

There are certain rules to follow in Chinese expressions. In daily review, you must not get stuck in a sea of ??questions and be unable to extricate yourself. Instead, you should be good at summarizing some regular things from exercises.

For example:

"Bole looks at horses" is already well known. In fact, horses can vote for Bole, and Bole can also recognize horses. The enthusiasm of both sides can be brought into play.

Although the adverb "ye" is often used in parallel complex sentences to express parallel relationships, it often has the effect of emphasis. "Bo Le knows horses" is well known to everyone, but "horses invest in Bole" is the key point of this sentence. Therefore, if you understand this rule, it will be easier to recognize similar sentences when you see them.

3. Summarize and clarify methods

There are many ways to analyze faulty sentences. Here are the following points:

①Condensate long sentences and focus on the main points

Some sentences are long and have many modifying elements, so it is difficult to spot language problems. Therefore, when analyzing such sentences, it is appropriate to use a contraction method to highlight the main body, so that some language defects are often clear at a glance.

For example:

"Railway Guerrillas" describes that during the Anti-Japanese War, the railway guerrillas led by the party persisted in fighting behind enemy lines, destroyed the enemy's communication lines, dealt a heavy blow to the enemy, and finally won victory."

If this sentence is condensed, it becomes a description of "Railway Guerrilla"... What is "description"? Obviously it should not be "victory", so we can find that this sentence lacks an object.

②The modifiers have many branches and leaves

If the main part of the sentence does not lack elements after abbreviation, you should pay attention to whether the modifiers and the central word match. If a predicate takes several objects, or several predicates take one or several objects, you should also pay attention to whether they can be matched one by one.

For example:

With a fluent Shanghainese accent and vivid expressions, Ru describes every detail vividly.

There is nothing wrong with "with...accent" in the sentence, but "with" and "expression" are not appropriate. "Describe vividly" has repetitive semantics, because "describe" means "paint", so it should be changed to "explain vividly" or "describe vividly". In addition, the "fluent accent" combination is inappropriate.

For sentences with complex modification components, you must pay attention to the matching of branches and leaves.

③ Pay attention to related words in complex sentences

In complex sentences, related words often play a very important role in expressing expressions. Therefore, when examining complex sentences and faulty sentences, we often start with related words.

The use of related words depends on the position, the collocation, and the appropriate use.

For example:

On the one hand, the hardware factory can respond to the urgent needs of the vehicle factory and take the initiative to deliver goods to the door, ensuring the supply of materials; on the other hand, the vehicle factory also promptly checks the quality of the products. Provide product opinions to the hardware factory, so that the quality of the hardware factory's products can be gradually improved.

There are two subjects before and after this passage, one is "hardware factory" and the other is "vehicle factory". When the two subjects before and after are different, the related word "on the one hand" should be placed before the subject "hardware factory". On the contrary, if the subject before and after is the same, the related word should be placed after the subject. If the second half of the above example sentence is like this: On the other hand, we also proactively seek opinions from vehicle manufacturers in a timely manner to improve product quality. The subject before and after becomes "hardware factory", and there is nothing wrong with the related word after the subject.

Another example:

If the author's imagination exceeds the actions of real characters and makes the deeds too exaggerated, it may give people an unreal feeling.

"Exaggerated deeds" will naturally "give people an unreal feeling". The word "instead" is used here, which does not match the previous "if" and should be changed to "just".

Another example:

Although it is still winter and the mornings and evenings are cooler, it is not too hot to wear a sweater under the warm sunshine at noon.

In this sentence, it is said that in winter, the weather is cold and it is not hot to wear a sweater. There is no turning point in the meaning. Therefore, the two related words "although" and "however" are inappropriate. If you must use a relative word, you can add "even if" before the latter clause.

④The pronoun reference should be clear

If there is a pronoun in the sentence, you should pay attention to whether the reference is clear.

For example:

Strangely enough, the thin female guard seems to listen to this woman very much. She gives orders to her, and she can almost hide it from the guard. Go and do it.

In a sentence, it is best for the third person to refer to the same object. If the second "she" in the sentence is changed to "this woman", the meaning of the sentence will be clear.

⑤One side and both sides should be matched

If there are words indicating both positive and negative sides such as "whether" and "can" appear in the sentence, you should pay attention to whether there are words that echo it before and after it. .

For example:

The smoothness of text is an important criterion for measuring the quality of a work.

The word "written smoothly" in the front is only expressed from one aspect of "good", but "good" and "bad" are mentioned in the latter part. Therefore, the word "whether" should be added after the word "written", so that the two words "whether" are included. Match.

⑥Check the logic if the statement is smooth

If no problems are found after the above five aspects of examination, then you should check whether there are logical errors.

For example:

Even poetry, ancient poems, and couplets have special publications, but only essays do not have their own special issues. This is very abnormal.

Grammatically speaking, there is nothing wrong with this sentence. However, the juxtaposition of "poetry" and "ancient poetry" creates problems in the use of concepts. This should be an error in improper logical classification.

4. The modification of diseased sentences must be symptomatic

Identifying the cause of the disease is a prerequisite for modifying the diseased sentences. When revising, the "symptoms" must be prescribed. As mentioned in the previous "Case Analysis", make targeted modifications. When revising, attention should be paid to maintaining the original meaning to the greatest extent; modifications should be made according to the actual needs of expression; and modifications should be made as little as possible. If changing one place can solve the problem, never change two places.

The analysis and modification of faulty sentences has been one of the hot spots in examinations over the years. There are many exercises in this area, so we will not repeat the questions again. After mastering the methods mentioned above, you should find some exercises to do until you are proficient in them.