Knowledge points of Chinese terrain characteristics

I. Characteristics of China's topography

1, with diverse terrain, mainly plateaus and mountains;

The terrain is high in the west and low in the east, showing a three-level distribution. The first and second dividing lines are Kunlun Mountain-Altun Mountain-Qilian Mountain-Hengduan Mountain; The second and third grade dividing line is Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain.

Second, the characteristics and distribution of various landforms in China.

1. Main mountain ranges

East-west trend: Tianshan-Ashan Kunlun-Qinling, Nanling

Southeast-southwest trend: Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain, Changbai Mountain-Wuyishan-Taiwan Province Mountain range.

NW-SE trend: Altai Mountain, a mountain range in Taiwan Province Province.

North-South trend, Helan Mountain, Hengduan Mountain, Taiwan Province mountain range.

Arc mountain range, Himalayan mountain range

2. Four platforms

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: with high terrain and large area, there are many snow-capped mountains, glaciers and rivers.

Inner Mongolia Plateau: The ground is flat and open.

Huangshan Plateau: Loess distribution, less vegetation, soil erosion, ravines.

Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: The terrain is rugged, limestone is widely distributed, and there are many small dams, which is a typical karst landform.

3, 4 great basin

Tarim Basin: The area between southern Xinjiang and Tianshan-Kunlun Mountain is large, with a wide desert, high in the west and low in the east, and an oasis on the edge.

Junggar basin: the desert between northern Xinjiang and Tianshan-Altai Mountain is small, with many wind erosion landforms and gaps on the west side.

Qaidam basin: the terrain is relatively high, and there are many Gobi deserts and swamp salt lakes in the east.

Sichuan Basin: high in the north and low in the south, with hilly plains, is the largest outflow basin in China.

4. The characteristics and distribution of the three plains.

Northeast plain: large area, wide black soil, and swamps in some areas.

North China Plain: Flat terrain.

Plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: the terrain is low, the river network is vertical and horizontal, and the lakes are densely covered.

5. Main hills: Liaodong hills, Shandong hills and southeast hills, with low terrain and slow ups and downs, are mostly economic trees or converted into tourist areas.

6. Mountains form the skeleton of the terrain.

Tarim basin, south of Junggar basin and north of Tianshan mountain.

South of Ashan is Hetao Plain.

Tarim basin to the north of Kunlun Mountain and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the south.

Nanling is located in the south of the Yangtze River and the south of Guangdong and Guangxi.

The Loess Plateau north of Qinling Mountains is the watershed between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.

Northeast Plain West of Daxing 'anling and East of Inner Mongolia Plateau

The Loess Plateau to the west of Taihang Mountain and the North China Plain to the east.

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain west of Wushan and east of Sichuan Basin.

Cloud Plateau west of Xuefeng Mountain

Northeast Plain West of Changbai Mountain

Nanshan in the west and Nanshan in the east of Wuyi Mountain.

Sichuan basin west of Hengduan Mountains and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Ningxia Plain, west of Helan Mountain and east of Inner Mongolia Plateau.

Altai Mountain is the boundary mountain between China and Mongolia.

Hexi Corridor in the north of Qilian Mountain, and Qaidam Basin in the south.

Himalayas, the border between China, India, Nepal and Bhutan.

Thirdly, the influence of topography on China's natural environment and economic development.

1, the impact on climate

Temperature: the temperature in the upper air is low, and the temperature in the leeward slope of cold air is high.

Precipitation: high in the west and low in the east, which is beneficial to deep water flow and warm and humid air, and forms topographic precipitation on windward slope.

Airflow movement: East-west mountains block cold air from going south, while Summer Committee blocks warm air from going north, which makes the climate on the west side of mountains different.

2. Impact on rivers:

Flow direction: make the river flow into the sea from west to east.

Watershed: Mountains are watersheds, which affect the basin.

Speed and drop: Terrain ladder transition zone, forming a huge drop, and later forming a canyon jet.

3. Impact on vegetation: Vegetation changes vertically, with poor quality, and obvious difference between sunny slope and shady slope.

4, the impact on economic development:

Plain development has long been beneficial to life, towns have appeared early, production is developed and economy is developed.

The mountainous area is rich in resources, but the transportation is inconvenient, the development is late and the economic foundation is weak.

The hilly and basin areas are economically developed.

The economy in Gaoyuan area is backward.

5. The distribution of earthquake zones in China: Taiwan Province and Fujian in the southeast, along Taihang Mountain in North China, Tianjin and Tangshan, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the southwest, Xinjiang, Gansu and Ningxia in the northwest of Sichuan and Yunnan.

6. Volcanic activity distribution in China: Datong (dead), Changbai Mountain, Wudalianchi (dormant), Datun, Qixing Mountain in Taiwan Province Province, and Kunlun Mountain fire near Yutian, Xinjiang (active).

7. Debris flow distribution in China: The western part is mostly located at the edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the eastern part is mostly located at the junction of low hills and plains.

Summary of regional geographical knowledge points in China: climate in China

1. Distribution and causes of temperature in winter and summer in China.

1, winter temperature distribution: the temperature difference between north and south is large, and the 0-degree isotherm is roughly Qinling-Huaihe-line.

Reason: latitude position, the influence of winter wind.

2. Summer temperature distribution: The temperature in the whole country is generally high, except for the major plateaus, with little temperature difference.

Genesis: Latitude, high altitude of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Second, the distribution and causes of annual precipitation in China.

1. Spatial distribution: decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.

Cause of formation: the location of land and sea, the southeast and northwest consider the influence of southeast monsoon and southwest monsoon respectively.

2. Time allocation: it is concentrated in summer and autumn, and the rainy season in the south is long and changes greatly during the year.

Reason: The annual and seasonal variation of precipitation is related to the abnormal advance and retreat law of summer monsoon.

Thirdly, the influence of monsoon activity on precipitation.

In June, it landed at 5438+0.5, south of Nanling, visited the Huaihe River Basin in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in June, arrived in North China and Northeast China in July and August, and left the mainland at 5438+0 in June.

2. There is more precipitation in the southeast and less precipitation in the northwest, which is concentrated in summer. The rainy season in the south is long and the rainy season in the north is short, and the annual precipitation varies greatly.

Fourthly, the boundary between monsoon region and non-monsoon region.

Daxinganling-Yinshan-Helan Mountain-Qilian Mountain-Bayankala-Gangdise Mountain

Five, the main characteristics of China climate and its influence on production and life.

Main features of climate: The climate is complex and diverse, including monsoon climate, temperate continental climate and alpine climate.

The monsoon climate is remarkable: the difference of thermal properties between land and sea is remarkable, and the monsoon prevails. Winter is cold and dry, summer is warm and rainy, and rain and heat are the same.

Six, the impact of major disastrous weather on production and life in China.

1, cold wave: occurred in late autumn, winter and early spring, and originated in Siberia and Mongolia where strong cold air invaded.

2. Typhoon: Atmospheric vortex originating from tropical ocean surface in summer and autumn, mostly in the northwest Pacific Ocean.

3. Drought and flood: there are many droughts in spring and summer, many floods in summer and autumn, uneven precipitation seasons, great interannual changes, and typhoons bring heavy rain.

4. Sandstorm: It originates from the deserts of Mongolia and China in winter and spring, and blows with the wind in spring.