The main content of Beijing Spring Festival! thank you

Ancient criminal law-lighting up the sky.

original text

Interpretation of teaching materials

Teaching objectives

Teaching case of the first class

Second lesson

separate into parts

centre

Related links Beijing charm

Public understanding

humorous

Beijing Spring Festival nursery rhymes light lanterns.

Ancient criminal law-lighting up the sky.

original text

Interpretation of teaching materials

Teaching objectives

Teaching case of the first class

Second lesson

separate into parts

centre

Related links

Beijing charm is popular, clear, humorous and humorous. Beijing Spring Festival nursery rhymes editor.

The customs of ancient Han festivals are very popular in many parts of the country. In the old New Year's Eve, every household hung lanterns on buildings with long poles and stayed up all night, which was called "sky lanterns". In Sichuan, people often hang a safety lamp in nave on the eighth and ninth day of the first lunar month. People believe that it can drive away the ominous and bless peace and tranquility.

Edit this paragraph of the ancient criminal law-.

In ancient times, it was also called pouring wax on people, which was a very cruel punishment. The prisoner was stripped naked, wrapped in linen and soaked in oil tanks. At night, his head and feet were tied to a high wooden pole and lit from his feet. In modern times, there is another meaning in punishment. This method was initiated by bandits in Sichuan and Hunan. Drilling a small hole in the prisoner's brain, pouring lamp oil and lighting it, can make the prisoner burn to death in great pain. Note: In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Dong Zhuo was killed by Wang Yun's design, and then the sky lantern was lit.

Edit the original paragraph

According to the old rules in Beijing, the Spring Festival begins almost at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month. "La Qibala, frozen to death in western Western jackdaw", which is the coldest time of the year. On Laba Festival, everyone cooks Laba porridge. Porridge is made of all kinds of rice, beans and dried fruits. This is not porridge, but a small agricultural exhibition. In addition, laba garlic will be soaked on this day. Put garlic cloves in vinegar, seal them, and serve as jiaozi for the New Year. By the end of the year, garlic is soaked like jade, and vinegar has a spicy taste, which makes people want to eat more jiaozi. In Beijing, during the Spring Festival, every family eats jiaozi. When children prepare for the Spring Festival, the first important thing is to buy mixed vegetables. This is made of peanuts, dates, hazelnuts and chestnuts mixed with candied fruit. Children like to eat these odds and ends. The second important thing is to buy firecrackers, especially boys. I'm afraid the third thing is to buy all kinds of things-kites, diabolos, harmonicas and so on. The children are happy and the adults are busy. They must prepare everything they eat and drink for the New Year. They must also make new shoes and clothes for the children to show a new atmosphere in the new year. Celebrating the New Year on the 23rd is almost a rehearsal for the New Year. In the old society, firecrackers sounded at every household in King of Man, and the paper image of the kitchen god was burned to ashes with the firecrackers, which was euphemistically called sending the kitchen god to heaven. A few days ago, there were many people selling maltose and glutinous rice sugar in the street. The shape of sugar was rectangular or melon-shaped. According to the old saying, if the kitchen god has sugar stuck to his mouth, he will not report the bad things at home to the jade emperor when he goes to heaven. Now, there are still selling sugar, but it is only for everyone to enjoy, and it is no longer confined to the mouth of the chef. After twenty-three, everyone will be busy, and the New Year will arrive in a blink of an eye. Before New Year's Eve, every household should put up Spring Festival couplets and have a general cleaning, which is called general cleaning. We must prepare enough meat, chicken, fish, vegetables and rice cakes for at least a week-according to the old custom, most shops are closed before the sixth day of the first month. If you don't prepare food for the next few days, it's not easy to make up temporarily. Also, in the old society, my mother said that it was unlucky to cut everything that should be cut on New Year's Eve, in order to save the knives from the first day to the fifth day of the first month. This means superstition, but it also shows that we are really peace-loving people, and we don't even want to move a kitchen knife at the age of one. New Year's Eve is really lively. Every family is scrambling to make new year's dishes, and there is wine and meat everywhere. Men, women and children all put on new clothes, put up red couplets outside the door, and put up various New Year pictures in the house. All the houses were lit all night, and guns were fired day and night. People who work outside will go home for a family reunion dinner and worship their ancestors unless they have to. That night, no one slept except very young children, but everyone stayed up late. The scene of New Year's Day is very different from that of New Year's Eve: on New Year's Eve, the streets are crowded with people; On the first day of New Year's Day, all the shops put up wooden boards, and the firecrackers set off last night were piled in front of the door, and the whole city was resting. Men go out to visit relatives and friends before noon. Women receive guests at home. At the same time, there are many temples open for people to visit inside and outside the city, and vendors set up stalls outside the temples to sell tea, food and various toys. Dazhong Temple outside the North City, Baiyun Temple outside the West City and the Temple of Fire (Long Hall) in the South City are the most famous. However, the first two or three days after the opening of the temple were not very lively, because people were still busy celebrating each other's New Year and had no time and time. On the fifth and sixth day of the fifth lunar month, the temple fair began to be beautiful, and the children went to visit it with great enthusiasm, in order to see the wild interests outside the city, ride donkeys and buy those unique toys for the New Year. There is a car race in the square outside Baiyun Temple. In the old days, it was said that there were camel races. These competitions are not about who is the first and who is the second, but about performing the graceful postures and skills of mules, horses and riders in front of the audience. Most shops open their doors and set off firecrackers on the sixth day. From dawn to early morning, the sound of guns in the whole city continued. Although Zhang has opened, everyone is not very busy except the shops selling food and other important daily necessities. The guys in the shop can take turns visiting temples, flyovers and operas. Yuanxiao (Tangyuan) is listed, and the climax of the New Year is the Lantern Festival (the 13th to 17th day of the first month). New Year's Eve is lively, but there is no moonlight; What about the Lantern Festival? It happens to be the bright moon in the sky. Decent New Year's Day. Bright red Spring Festival couplets are posted in front of every household, and people are wearing new clothes, but they are not beautiful enough. Lantern Festival, lanterns are hung everywhere, and the whole street is as lively and beautiful as a happy event. Hundreds of lanterns are hung in famous old shops, some are all glass, some are all horns, and some are gauze lanterns; Some are colorful, and some are all the stories of painting a dream of red mansions or outlaws of the marsh. At that time, it was also an advertisement; As soon as the light is hung, anyone can go shopping; Lighting candles in the light at night will attract more people. This advertisement is not vulgar. Dried fruit shops do a lot of omnivorous business during the Lantern Festival, so they often make all kinds of ice lanterns, or make one or two green dragons with wheat seedlings to attract customers. Besides hanging lights, there are flowers in the square. A judge at the stake was lit in the Town God Temple, and the flame spit out from the mouth, ears, nose and eyes of the judge's clay sculpture. Hang sky lanterns in the park and fly into the sky like a superstar. Men and women come out to step on the moon, watch lights and watch fireworks; The people in the street were crowded and motionless. In the old society, women didn't go out easily, and they could get some freedom during the Lantern Festival. Children buy all kinds of fireworks to set off, even if they don't go to the street to be naughty, they can still play with sound and light at home.

There are also lights at home: lanterns-palace lanterns, all kinds of paper lanterns, and gauze lanterns, with Xiaoling inside, which will jingle when the time comes. Everyone must eat dumplings, too. This is indeed a beautiful and happy day. Blink of an eye, we arrived at the residual light temple. Students go to school and adults go to work as usual. The New Year ends on the 19th day of the first month. The twelfth lunar month and the first lunar month are the most leisure times for everyone in rural society, such as pigs, cows and sheep. They are all growing up, so everyone has to kill pigs and sheep after a year of hard work. After the Lantern Festival, the weather turned warmer and everyone went to work again. Although Beijing is a city, it also celebrates the New Year with rural society. It's too noisy. In the old society, Chinese New Year was inseparable from superstition. Laba porridge, Guandong sugar and jiaozi on New Year's Eve should be offered to the Buddha before people can enjoy them. Meet god on new year's eve; On the second day of the new year, the God of Wealth will be sacrificed and eat Yuanbao soup (wonton). And some people will go to the Temple of Wealth to borrow paper ingots to burn incense. On the eighth day of the first month, the old people should be lucky and pray for their longevity. So the biggest waste at that time was the money to buy wax paper horses. Now that everyone is not superstitious, we can save this money and use it in useful places. It is particularly worth mentioning that today's children are only happy for the New Year and are not influenced by that superstition. They are only happy, not afraid-afraid of gods and ghosts. Perhaps, the Spring Festival is not as lively as before, but it is so sober and healthy. In the past, people celebrated the New Year with the blessings of ghosts and gods. Now is the end of their labor, and everyone should have a happy New Year. (Selected from Nie Gannu's Prose Collection, Sanlian Bookstore, 198 1 year) The old house in Beijing for the New Year (1899- 1966) was originally named Shu Qingchun. Manchu. Born in Beijing. His novels include Lao Zhang's Philosophy, Camel Xiangzi, Drama Teahouse and Longxugou. Author brief introduction Lao She Lao She (1899— 1966), Manchu, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, Beijinger. My father was a Manchu guard who was killed when Eight-Nation Alliance shelled Beijing. Mother is also a flag bearer. She makes a living by washing clothes for others. 19 18 In the summer, he graduated from Beijing Normal University with excellent results and was sent to Beijing No.17 Primary School as the principal. 1924 was hired as a Chinese lecturer at Oriental College of London University in the summer. Started literary creation while in England. The novel Lao Zhang's Philosophy is the first work, which has been serialized in Novel Monthly since July 1926, and immediately shocked the literary world. Later, the novels Zhao Ziyue and Two Horses were published one after another. It established Lao She's position as one of the pioneers of new literature. 1930 Lao She has been a professor in cheeloo university and Shandong University since she returned to China. During this period, he wrote novels such as Cat City, Divorce and Camel Xiangzi, novellas such as Crescent Moon and My Life, and short stories such as Shen Wei. Since 1944, he has created a long masterpiece "Four Generations under One Family" with nearly one million words. Vice Chairman of All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, All-China Writers Association, Chairman of Beijing Federation of Literary and Art Circles. He is a deputy to the National People's Congress and a member of the Standing Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference. In the "Cultural Revolution" of 1966, I was humiliated and threw myself into the lake.

Interpreting and editing the textbook

1. Introduction to the text says that the Spring Festival is the most grand and lively ancient traditional festival among the people in China. Different regions and nationalities have their own unique customs when celebrating the Spring Festival. The author of this paper, Mr. Lao She, a famous language master, described the folk customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing with his elegant style and Beijing-style language, showed the warmth and beauty of China's holiday customs, and expressed his recognition and love for traditional culture. The article takes time as longitude and human activities as latitude structure. First of all, the author introduces that the Spring Festival in Beijing begins at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month: people cook Laba porridge, soak Laba garlic, buy new year's goods and celebrate the New Year … to make full preparations for the Spring Festival. Then, the three climaxes of the Spring Festival are described in detail: on New Year's Eve, every family lights up all night, firecrackers keep up day and night, having a family reunion dinner, and observing the New Year; On the first day, men go out to pay New Year's greetings, women receive guests at home, and children visit temple fairs. Look at lanterns, set off firecrackers and eat Yuanxiao. Finally, write the end of the Spring Festival on the 19th of the first month. This paper lists a large number of Chinese New Year customs in old Beijing, which are interesting and deeply loved by students. The content of the full text is orderly, clear in context, closely linked, with appropriate details, and promotes nature. The language expression is simple, vivid and intriguing, and the feelings of people celebrating the Spring Festival are everywhere between the lines, reflecting the desire of old Beijingers to love life and pursue a better life. The main purpose of this paper is to feel the Chinese New Year custom in old Beijing, arouse the desire to understand folk customs and stimulate the interest in exploring traditional culture. The second is to learn a certain order of expression methods and feel the author's language characteristics. The teaching focus of this lesson: lead students to feel the grand and lively Spring Festival in old Beijing, and understand the rich connotation of folk culture with the help of the author's description. The teaching difficulty of this lesson: the expression method adopted by the author to highlight the folk characteristics of the Spring Festival in Beijing. 2. Text analysis. Understanding of (1) sentence. This is not porridge, but a small agricultural exhibition. "Agricultural Exhibition" refers to all kinds of rice, beans and dried fruits in Laba porridge, which seems to be gathered together for an exhibition. The author vividly wrote the folk characteristics of boiling Laba porridge in the Spring Festival in old Beijing by means of "metaphor". On New Year's Eve, every household lights up all night, without interruption, and firecrackers go on day and night. People who work outside will go home for a reunion dinner unless they have to. That night, except for very young children, no one slept, and everyone had to stay up late. From the first sentence, you can fully feel that "New Year's Eve is really lively". Through the words "as a last resort" and "as a last resort", we can realize how much people attach importance to "having a reunion dinner" on New Year's Eve, which is full of deep affection and traditional virtues. According to the custom of old Beijing, you can't sleep on New Year's Eve, but it's better to spend the night. This is called "shou sui". "Shounian" has two meanings: the elderly keep old on New Year's Eve, which means cherishing time; Young people stay old in order to prolong the life span of their parents. Reading these sentences, we can not only understand the customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, but also deeply understand the rich connotation of traditional folk culture. (3) The listing of the Lantern Festival has brought another climax to Spring Festival travel rush. The Lantern Festival here is like "Tangyuan" in the south. "New Year's Eve is really lively", which is the first climax of the Spring Festival; On New Year's Day, visiting temple fairs, although "the scene is completely different from New Year's Eve", is equally lively and is the second climax of the Spring Festival; On the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lantern Festival, Yuanxiao is sold in the market and eaten by every household, which is the third climax of the Spring Festival. The word "you" reflects the author's originality in the coordination of article structure and content. Blink of an eye to the residual light temple, the end of the Spring Festival on the 19th day of the first month. This sentence plays a connecting role in the text. Residual lamp: lanterns gradually become less and go out; The last temple: the last day of the temple fair. People have been visiting temple fairs since the first day of the first month. On the fifth day of the first month, lanterns are decorated everywhere. On the 19th day of the first month, lanterns gradually disappeared and went out. On the last day of the temple fair, the grand and lively Spring Festival is over. Nineteen days of "beautiful and happy days" actually passed in a blink of an eye, and the author's reluctant feelings were vividly expressed in the sentence. This sentence also echoes the first sentence of the text, "According to the old rules in Beijing, the Spring Festival begins almost at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month", which makes the article complete and integrated. (2) Explanation of words Spring Festival: The first day of the first lunar month is a traditional festival in China, and it also refers to the day after the first day of the first lunar month. Commonly known as "Chinese New Year". December: December of the lunar calendar. Laba porridge: Laba is the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. On Laba, porridge is cooked with grains such as rice and beans and dried fruits such as dates, chestnuts and lotus seeds. Diabolo: a traditional fitness toy made of bamboo and wood, which is hollow and can make a sound. The first ten days of each month are also called "the tenth day". Off-year: a festival in the lunar calendar. On the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, the old custom worships stoves on this day. New Year's Eve: The night on the last day of the Lunar New Year, which also refers to the last day of the year. Temple Fair: A fair held in or near a temple on a festival or a specific day. Skilled: Skilled. Lantern Festival: The night of the 15th day of the first lunar month. Because this day is called Shangyuan Festival, it is called Yuanxiao at night. In this paper, the Lantern Festival (also known as Lantern Festival) is called seasonal food, and other areas call it "glutinous rice balls". Distinctive: The appearance of being clearly and definitely separated. Describe two things that have nothing in common. This lesson refers to the sharp contrast between the "liveliness" on New Year's Eve and the "quietness" on the first day of the first month. Vientiane Update: Vientiane: All the sights in the universe. More: change. Everything or the scene becomes brand-new.

Edit the teaching objectives of this paragraph.

1. Can write 14 new words, and correctly read and write the words "Emerald, Vientiane update, lights all night, day and night, completely different, as a last resort, lighting, sound and light, various colors" and so on. 2. Read the text with emotion, understand the Spring Festival customs in old Beijing, feel the lively atmosphere of the festival, and understand the national civilization and traditional culture in the festival customs. 3. Try to figure out the expression order of the article and appreciate the benefits of detailed writing and abbreviated writing. Teaching suggestions 1. Before class, students can be asked to consult relevant books or search materials online, and collect articles, poems, nursery rhymes, Spring Festival couplets, etc. Written by ancient and modern literati. When students study this unit, just after the Spring Festival, they can also talk about how they spent the Spring Festival from the reality of life. 2. Grasp the content as a whole and clear up the writing ideas. This article has a long time span and many contents. From the beginning of the twelfth lunar month to the nineteenth day of the first month, it lists a series of customs of New Year in old Beijing. Therefore, it is the key to learn this lesson well to clarify the thinking of writing. The contents of the article are arranged in chronological order, which can be divided into five periods: ① 1-6 natural period (the Spring Festival almost begins at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month); 27 Nature Festival (New Year's Eve); ③ 8- 10 natural section (the first day of the first month); ④11-12 Nature Festival (Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month); ⑤ 13 natural section (end of the 19th day of the first month). Each part begins with a word indicating time, which constitutes the general sentence and the central sentence of each paragraph, followed by example sentences around the central sentence. In the teaching process, after reading the text for the first time, let the students talk about the overall impression left by the Spring Festival in Beijing, and then guide the students to realize that the structure is natural and smooth and the context is clear. 3. Experience the meticulous and appropriate expression effect. The text begins with the beginning of the Spring Festival in Beijing, and briefly introduces what people have prepared for the Spring Festival. Some folk customs are mentioned in only one sentence. For example, "it must be cleaned once" and "most shops in Wutianmen are closed until the sixth day of the first month". Then it describes in detail the three climaxes of New Year's Eve, the first day of junior high school and the Lantern Festival. Finally, briefly explain the end of the Spring Festival. The advantages of this writing method are the combination of point and surface, prominent focus, clear focus and impressive. In teaching, students should be given enough time for self-study and teachers should give guidance in time to achieve this teaching goal. 4. Read the sentences, imagine the pictures and understand the expressions. Mr. Lao She once said, "No matter what I write, I always hope to trust the vernacular; Even if I explain a deeper truth, I won't use terms and nouns one after another. I still keep my vulgarity and whiteness. Mr. Lao She's language style is simple and natural, fluent and accessible, simple and vulgar, appealing to both refined and popular tastes, and intriguing. This language style can be seen everywhere in the text, such as "This is not porridge, but a small agricultural exhibition" and "The 23rd of the twelfth lunar month is almost a rehearsal for the Spring Festival". In the teaching process, it is not necessary to cover everything, and guide students to grasp the part that feels the deepest about the text and concentrate on reading, so as to cultivate a sense of language. This paper describes many scenes and has a strong sense of pictures. Students should be guided to read aloud with emotion, imagine the picture and understand the expression. Let students get in touch with real life, truly feel the different folk customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, and lead students to understand the folk customs displayed in this lesson-the family, nostalgia, wishes and expectations represented by the Spring Festival, as well as the psychological characteristics and cultural traditions of the Chinese nation reflected from it. For example, "these competitions are not for who is the first and who is the second, but to show the graceful posture and skillful skills of horses, camels and riders in front of the audience." "This picture can reflect the psychological characteristics and cultural traditions of the nation, which are simple and kind, advocating labor, loving life and pursuing beauty. The understanding of expression methods is mainly to guide students to learn detailed and rough expression methods in a certain order, focusing on guiding students to understand the author's language expression characteristics. For example, "La Qibala, freezing to death in western Western jackdaw" is quoted as saying that the Spring Festival in Beijing begins at the coldest time of the year; Another example is, "By the end of the year, garlic is soaked like jade, and vinegar is a little spicy, which makes people want to eat more jiaozi. "Combine narrative and description to praise Laba garlic; For another example, "porridge is made of all kinds of rice, all kinds of beans and all kinds of dried fruits." "This is not porridge, but a small agricultural exhibition." It is natural to compare porridge to a "small agricultural exhibition" with parallelism and metaphor, which shows that porridge is rich in materials and expresses pride and expectation for a bumper harvest. 5. New words can focus on guiding error-prone words. For example, don't miss a horizontal line on the left side of "vinegar", and the lower left side of "sedan chair" is not a horizontal line. Under the chestnuts is wood instead of rice. 6. In addition to practicing fast silent reading, the first question after class is intended to grasp the content of the text as a whole, fully understand the folk customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, and grasp the most impressive scenes or details to talk about feelings. In communication, students can be guided to get in touch with the local customs of celebrating the Spring Festival and compare their feelings. This topic should be completed through the interaction among teachers, students and students in the teaching process. The second question after class aims to implement the key objectives of this year's paragraph-"Trying to figure out the expression order of the article" and "Understanding the detailed and appropriate expression method of the article". After grasping the content of the full text and finding out the detailed description part, read aloud with emotion, combine reading with discussion, promote each other and truly realize the detailed and appropriate benefits. The exercise intention of the third question after class is to further understand the customs and habits of different regions and nationalities, feel the folk culture and national spirit contained in traditional festivals, and thus stimulate the interest in exploring traditional culture. 7. The "reading session" after class can be completed in class or after class. The first purpose is to expand the information of holiday customs; The second is to train browsing, improve browsing speed and cultivate the ability to capture useful information; The third is to learn different writing methods according to the relevant parts of the text. For example, Chinese New Year, "I didn't particularly like Chinese New Year when I was a child", "I cleaned up leftovers every day" and "I was so sleepy that I had no appetite to eat" wrote another feeling different from Wen. Another example is "New Year's Eve", which introduces the New Year's customs in southern Fujian. Let the students compare it with the New Year's Eve in the text to see what is the difference.

Edit this teaching case

first kind

First, understand the content of the unit and introduce the new lesson 1. Understand the introduction of the unit. Starting today, we will learn the second set of texts. Please look at the unit introduction and see what this group of texts has arranged. (1) This group of words mainly talks about the folk customs in different regions. (2) We can carry out investigation activities in combination with text learning to understand the folk customs of festivals, costumes, diets and houses. 2. Understand the arrangement of the text. Let's take a look at the title of the text again and see what this group of textbooks has arranged around "folklore" 3. The students recalled the Spring Festival. Let the students remember first: How did we spend the Spring Festival? Guide students to feel that the Spring Festival is a festive festival and a reunion festival! So as to stimulate students' interest in learning. Second, read the text for the first time, feel the whole, and answer the questions as a whole. Please read the Spring Festival in Beijing freely, mark the natural paragraphs and think about it: What impression did the Spring Festival in Beijing leave on you as a whole? If you don't understand anything, bring it up later. 1. Overall perception. What impression did the Spring Festival in Beijing leave on you as a whole? 2. Communicate what you understand and what you don't understand. (1) What did you read during your study? December: December of the lunar calendar. The last day of the twelfth lunar month is what we call New Year's Eve. The second day of New Year's Eve is the first day of the first month, which is what we call Chinese New Year. The tenth day: a month is divided into three days, and ten days is ten days. The first ten days of a month are the first ten days. (2) What other places are not understood? Bring it up and we'll work it out together. For example, diabolo: You can watch videos or pictures to understand that diabolo has different types, plays many games and whistles. It was fun. Overpass: it's not the footbridge we usually say. Tianqiao is a very lively place in old Beijing. At that time, there were rivers and bridges, so it was called overpass. Tianqiao is a very big market. There are many folk artists performing arts, Beijing snacks and storytellers, and all kinds of things can be bought and sold. Temple at the end of the Lantern Festival: Combining the notes and the text, we can know that it refers to the end of the Spring Festival.